（全国用）2018年高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题四 语法填空 第二节 方法运用于命题.doc

第二节方法运用于命题语法填空的常考命题1实词之动词对于动词的考查，一般是给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要填出其正确的形式。填什么样的动词形式，首先要考虑句子的主谓结构，确定主句之后，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍然有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语动词；如果是谓语，就考虑动词的时态、语态、主谓一致；如果是非谓语动词，就考虑主动、被动、有无先后关系。2实词之其他词性在语法填空中，常常给出一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空：(1)对于名词的考查，主要涉及名词的用法、语境中词性的判断、词性的转化；(2)对于代词的考查，主要涉及不定代词和替代词的用法，it的用法和人称代词宾格；(3)对于形容词、副词的考查，主要涉及形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级等；(4)对于定语从句的考查，主要涉及关系代词和关系副词；(5)对于名词性从句的考查，主要涉及连接代词和连接副词。3虚词虚词主要包括冠词、介词和连词等。(1)对于冠词的考查，主要涉及其基本用法、抽象名词具体化以及一些固定用法；(2)对于介词的考查，主要涉及介词同名词、代词、动词等构成的介词短语搭配；(3)对于连词的考查，主要涉及引导各种从句的从属连词和并列句中的并列连词。点津在高考命题当中，无论是考查实词还是虚词，在解此类题时，往往是多种方法并用，而不是仅仅拘泥于一种方法。(2017全国)there has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.this trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61._ a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side 62._(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.they are required 63._(process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.when fat and salt 64._(remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.as 65._ result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.even 66._(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.fast food 67._(be) full of fat and salt；by 68._(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.however，be 69._(care) not to go to extremes.like anything，it is possible to have too much of both,70._ is not good for the health.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了低脂、低盐饮食的利弊以及对人体健康的影响。61答案as解析考查虚词，运用词汇填充法解答该题。此处指“作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法”，所以用介词as。62答案effects解析考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。63答案to process解析考查实词之动词，运用词汇填充法解答该题。require sth.to do sth.需要某物做某事，此处用了被动语态，所以填动词不定式to process。64答案are removed解析考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。65答案a解析考查虚词，运用固定用法填充法解答该题。as a result结果，是固定搭配。66答案worse解析考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法及逻辑关系填充法解答该题。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse更糟糕的是，可以看作固定搭配。67答案is解析考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，谓语动词用单数形式is。68答案eating解析考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。介词by之后接动名词作宾语。69答案careful解析考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。70答案which解析考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。(2017全国)in 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in london.it ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61._(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62._ work.it took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.this included digging up the road,63._(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64._ top.when all those had been done，the road surface was replaced.steam engines 65._(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66._(fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.however，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using 67._ every day.later，engineers 68._(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the tube.this development was only possible with the 69._(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.the central london railway was one of the most 70._(success) of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.it had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages，and proved extremely popular with the public.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国伦敦地铁的发展。61答案crowds解析考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。crowd是可数名词，且前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。62答案from解析考查虚词，运用语法知识填充法及逻辑关系填充法解答该题。travel to and from work上下班。63答案laying解析考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法及逻辑关系填充法解答该题。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式。64答案the解析考查虚词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。65答案were used解析考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。steam engines与use之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。66答案fairly解析考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。所填词修饰形容词unpleasant，故用fair的副词形式fairly。67答案it解析考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处很明显缺少代词。分析句意可知，此处用it指代上文提到的the railway。68答案managed解析考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。全文讲述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。69答案introduction解析考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。空格前是the，其后接名词。introduce的名词形式是introduction。70答案successful解析考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。“one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数”表示“最的之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。跟踪训练1(2017全国)she looks like any other schoolgirl，fresh-faced and full of life.sarah thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new a-level course.but unlike her school friends,16-year-old sarah is not spending half-term 1._(rest)instead，she is earning 6,500 a day as 2._ model in new york.sarah 3._(tell) that she could be britains new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.her father peter,44，wants her to give up school to model full-time.but sarah,4._ has taken part in shows along with top models，wants 5._(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.she is determined to carry on with her 6._(educate)she has turned down several 7._(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.after school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 8._ engineering or architecture.sarah says，“my dad thinks i should take the offer now.but at the moment，school 9._(come) first.i dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.it is 10._(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.i dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when i cant model any more.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了16岁的萨拉作为一名模特表现出色，她父亲想让她放弃学业专心从事模特行业，但萨拉认为学业优先，不想在模特行业投入太多精力。1答案resting解析考查实词之动词，运用词汇填充法解答该题。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定用法，意为“花时间做某事”。2答案a解析考查虚词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。句意为：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特每天收入6 500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。3答案has been told/was told解析考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超级名模，此处可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。4答案who解析考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。引导词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，且指人，故用who。5答案to prove解析考查实词之动词，运用词汇填充法解答该题。want to do sth.想要做某事，为固定搭配。6答案education解析考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。7答案invitations解析考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。several几个，其后的可数名词要用复数形式。8答案in解析考查虚词。运用固定用法填充法解答该题。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a degree in engineering or architecture工程学或建筑学学位。9答案comes解析考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。10答案certainly解析考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun，certain的副词形式为certainly。2(2017浙江)last october，while tending her garden in mora，sweden，lena pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 11._(carrot) and was about to throw them away.but something made her look closer，and she noticed a 12._(shine) object.yes，there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.pahlsson screamed 13._ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“she thought i had hurt 14._(i)，” says pahlsson.sixteen years 15._(early)，pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 16._(cook) a meal.when she wanted to put the ring back on later，it was gone.she suspected that one of her three daughtersthen ten，eight，and sixhad picked it up，but the girls said they hadnt.pahlsson and her husband 17._(search) the kitchen，checking every corner，but turned up nothing.“i gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says.she never replaced it.pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 18._(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，19._ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.for pahlsson，it