（讲练测）高考英语一轮复习 模块5.3 Science and nature（练）（含解析）牛津译林版.doc

unit 3 science and nature一、重点词汇考点-1. intention【教材原句】although he researches cloning, his intention has never been to create copies of humans. (p42)尽管伊恩威尔莫特研究克隆，但他的目的根本不是要制造人类的复制品。however, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.(p42)但是，有些人认为怀着摧毁人类胚胎的意图来克隆人类胚胎是对人类生命的不尊重。【例句研读】译出英语句子完成汉语句子what is the intention to do so?这样做 ？i have no intention of interrupting you.我 。he returned with the intention of spending new year with his family.他 而回来。by god！i said that without intention!老天作证， ！the book is intended for beginners.本书是 。 【自主归纳】intention n. 意图，目的；企图 intentionaladj. intentionallyadv.with the intention of 抱有目的，打算 by intention 故意without intention 无意中，不是故意地 intend vt. 打算，想要intend (sb.) to do sth.打算(让某人)做某事 be intended for (to do)为打算(设计)的【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成英语句子这本书是为儿童写的。 the book children.他打算去国外进修。he went abroad further education.他从来不会故意伤害任何人。 he will never hurt anyone. 我再也不想到这个可怕的地方来了。i have _ coming to this terrible place again! 考点-2. anxiety【教材原句】even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety, it is good news for faye wilson.（p42）尽管人类的克隆正带来很多的忧虑，对faye wilson来说，这是个好消息。【例句研读】译出英语句子完成汉语句子she is waiting for the message with anxiety.她正 等待消息。she is anxious about the coming exam.她 即将到来的考试。he is anxious to visit the great wall.他 去参观长城。 【自主归纳】anxiety n. 忧虑，焦虑，不安anxious adj. 焦虑的，渴望的anxiouslyadv. 焦虑地be anxious(for sb.)to do sth.渴望(某人)做某事 be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事，急于做某事 be anxious about sb./sth.为某人/某事担心 be anxious for sth.渴望某事【即时巩固】单项选择题i am anxious _ her, for i havent heard from her for a long time.a. towards b. about c. to d. overwhat does he want to do？ he was _ to show he can work out the difficult math problem. a. worried b. anxious c. surprised d. strangeif the government borrows trillions of dollars, this will increase public _ a. anxiety b. happiness c. wealth d. confidence 【答案】bb a考点-3. adopt【教材原句】i am anxious to have a child of my own， she says. i dont want to adopt someone elses child if i had the chance, i would have a cloned baby right now. (p42)“我现在渴望有个自己的孩子，”她说，“我不想领养别人的孩子如果我有这个机会，我会立即要一个克隆婴儿。”【例句研读】译出英语句子完成汉语句子as they had no children of their own，they adopted an orphan.他们没有亲生儿女， 。we should adopt the consumers suggestion.我们应该 。they argued him into the adoption of the plan.他们说服他 。the government adopted a new measure to fight against drunk driving. 政府 与酒驾作斗争。 【自主归纳】adopt vt.收养，领养；采纳，采用adoptedadj.收养的adoptionn. 收养；采取 adoptiveadj.收养的，有收养关系的adopt ones idea采纳某人的意见adopt a new standard/measure采取新标准/措施ones adopted son某人的养子adopt与adapt 是形似词容易混淆，adapt意为“适应”。the young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. after a few months, the orphan came to adapt to his new life.这对年轻夫妇没有自己的孩子，领养了一名孤儿。几个月过后这个孤儿渐渐适应了他的新生活。【即时巩固】用adopt的适当词性填空如果您认为我们的建议适合您，那么就采用它们。if you think our suggestions work for you, then _ them.我们说服他采纳这项计划。we argued her into the _of the plan.他们是他的养父母。they are his _ parents. 考点-4. consequence【教材原句】if we toy with nature, we will have to deal with the consequences. (p43)如果我们玩弄自然，我们将不得不应付各种后果。【例句研读】译出英语句子完成汉语句子the lung cancer is a consequence of cigarette smoking.肺癌是 。it terrified me to consider the consequence of your action.一考虑到你 ，我就感到害怕。in consequence of the rain, the tennis match was delayed.由 ，网球赛延期了。he didnt work hard, and as a consequence, he failed his exam.他不用功， 。as a consequence of smoking, my father coughs frequently. ，我父亲常常咳嗽。he may be a man of consequence in his own country, but hes nobody here. 在他自己的国家，他也许 ，但是在这里他算不了什么。【答案】肺癌是吸烟的结果。一想到你行动的后果，我就感到害怕。由于下雨，网球赛延期了。他不用功，结果考试不及格。因为吸烟的缘故，我父亲常常咳嗽。在他自己的国家，他也许是个重要的人物，但是在这里什么也不是。【自主归纳】consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性，重大意义consequent adj.必然的；因结果而起的consequently adv.因此；结果；必然地as a consequence=in consequence=as a result 结果as a consequence of=in consequence of 由于，因为的缘故take /bear the consequences (of)承担(某事的)后果；对(某事的)后果负责of consequence 重要的，重大的；有地位的，有声望的of no consequence不重要的，无足轻重的【即时巩固】单项选择题(2011高考江苏卷)teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _. a. consequence b. independence c. competence d. intelligence the factory near the seaside was closed down as a(a) _ of the terribly bad management and fund shortage.a. summary b. consequence c. conclusion d. effect 考点-5.judgment 【教材原句】i think we should be cautious and use good judgment when making decisions about cloning.(p49)我认为我们在对克隆作出决定时应该谨慎行事，作出好的判断。【例句研读】译出英语句子完成汉语句子he lacks sound judgment.他缺乏 。in my judgment, we should accept their apology. ，我们应该接受他们的道歉。he refused to make a judgment on/about the situation. 他拒绝 。we shouldnt judge a person by his appearance.我们不应该 。the court judged her guilty.法庭 。judging from what he said，he must be an honest man. ，他一定是个诚实的人。 【自主归纳】对作出判断make a judgment on/about依某人看来，按某人的看法in ones judgmentjudge vt.&n.审判，判决；法官；裁判员；认为judge sb./sth.to be认为某人/物是；把某人/物评价为；判根据来判断judge.from/by sth.(作状语)根据来判断judging by/from.【即时巩固】单项选择题_ the best in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships _ 21,000 dollars.a. judged；totaling b. to be judged；totaledc. having judged；to total d. judging；would total【答案】a【解析】句意为“在最近的一次科学竞赛中被判断为最优秀的三个学生被授予总数为21,000美元的奖学金。”the three students和judge之间是被动关系，而且动作已经发生，故选a。考点-6. majority【教材原句】i am sure that if you conducted a survey among uk citizens, it would show that the majority of people would not support this type of scientific research. (p56) 我确信如果你在英国公民中进行一项调查，结果会表明大多数人不会支持这种科学研究。【例句研读】译出英语句子完成汉语句子a/the majority of people seem to prefer tv to radio. 似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢收听收音机。the majority strongly support/supports the plan to build a playground for children. 都积极地支持为孩子们建造运动场的计划。young people were in the majority at the meeting.这次会议 。he won by a majority of 500.他 获胜。he won the seat with a majority of 71 votes.他 赢得了该席位。 【自主归纳】majority n.多数，大多数；大半the/a majority of +复数名词+复数谓语动词 +不可数名词+单数谓语动词a/the majority可单独使用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式都可以the majority of the people were against the plan.大多数人反对这个计划。the majority of the damage is easy to repair.这次的损失大部分容易补救。占大多数in a/the majority 以多数票赢得by/with a majority of minority n. 少数 in the/a minority占少数 【即时巩固】完成句子大多数医生认为吸烟有害健康。_ believe smoking is harmful to health.大部分人反对这个计划。the majority _.女性在护理行业中占大多数。in the nursing profession，women _.她以749票的多数票当选。she was elected _. 考点-7. confirm【教材原句】therefore, we cannot confirm that food from cloned animals is really safe for humans to eat. (57)因此，我们不能证明人类食用来自克隆动物的食物是安全的。【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子what he observed confirmed his judgment.他观察到的现象 。the announcement confirmed that the election would take place on june 20th.公告 。the latest scientific development confirmed the public in the belief.最新的科学发展 那个看法。this new evidence confirms me in my opinion that they are lying. 这个新的证据 他们在撒谎。it has been confirmed that all had passed the math exam. 所有的人都通过了这次数学考试。 【自主归纳】证实某人的判断confirm ones judegment 使某人相信confirm sb. in the belief使某人认定confirm sb. in ones opinion .confirm that(从句).证实it has been confirmed that(从句) . 已经确定/证实【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成英语句子预订后请来函确认。please write to _ your reservation . 已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。_ the meeting will take place next week. 考点-8. frighten【教材原句】while many people are excited about these new technologies, these same technologies frighten others. (p59)尽管许多人对这些新技术感到兴奋，而其他人则对这些同样的技术感到害怕。【例句研读】译出英语句子完成汉语句子the high prices have frightened off many customers. 高昂的价格 。keep still, or youll frighten the rabbit away.别动，不然 。they frightened the old lady into signing the paper.他们 ，使她签了这份文件。he was shaking with fright. 他 。she was frightened by the anger in his eyes.她 。i was frightened of being left alone in the house. 我 。mothers calm behavior made the frightened child quiet. 母亲沉着冷静的举动 安静了下来。【答案】高昂的价格已经吓跑了很多顾客。别动，不然你会把兔子吓跑的。他们恐吓老太太，使她签了这份文件。他吓得发抖。她被他眼中的怒火吓住了。我害怕被一个人留在屋里。母亲沉着冷静的举动让受惊的孩子安静了下来。【自主归纳】frighten v.使惊吓，使惊恐frightening adj. 令人害怕的frightened adj. (人)感到害怕的fright n. 恐怖；惊吓frighten away/off 把吓跑，把吓得不敢(做某事)frighten sb. into doing 恐吓某人做frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死=(frighten sb. out of life)be frightened to death (被)吓得要死=(be frightened out of life)be frightened with 对感到害怕be frightened of/by sth. 害怕/被吓住be frightened to do sth. 吓得不敢做某事be frightened that(从句). 害怕【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成英语句子很明显，他们是要吓唬众人服从。they were evidently trying to _ obedience. 不要把价格提得太高，要不会把顾客吓跑的。dont put your prices too high or youll_. 你的表情为什么如此惊恐？因为你戴着吓人的面具，差点把我吓死。why do you have a _look?because you almost _me out of life by your _mask. 考点-9. profit【教材原句】research has been limited to increasing production profits, rather than making sure that gm foods are safe.(p59)目前的研究仅局限于增加生产利润，而不是确保转基因食品的安全。【例句研读】译出英语句子完成汉语句子theres no profit in running a cinema in this town.在这个镇里经营电影院 。hes getting married again, after two divorces, so he obviously hasnt profited by his experiences.他两次离婚之后又结婚，显然没有 。they make a profit of ten pence on every copy they sell.他们每售出一本 。he profited greatly from his year abroad.他 。 【自主归纳】profit n. 利益；收益 vi.& vt.获益；对有用make a profit赚取利润 do sth.for profit为赢利而做某事gain much profit from从中获得许多益处profit by sth.(无被动)从中吸取教益 profit from sth.得益于某事物；得到某事物的帮助【即时巩固】单项选择题there is very little _ in selling newspapers at present.a. advantage b. mistakec. drawback d. profit 考点-10. permission【教材原句】since no one really knows whether gm food is safe, many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of gm foods.(p59)因为无人真正知道转基因食品是否安全，许多国家迟迟不许生产转基因食物。【例句研读】译出下列句中划线部分的意思the teacher gave me permission to go home early. smoking is not permitted in this room. they dont permit talking in the library. the policeman permitted him to park there. ill go to meet you if time permits. well start tomorrow, weather permitting. 【自主归纳】permissionn.许可 permit vt. permit doing sth. 允许做某事 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事permit sb. sth. 允许某人某事 without permission 未经许可ask (for) permission 请求许可 with your permission 如果你同意的话，经您许可【即时巩固】单项选择题before building a house, you will have to _ the governments permission. a. get from b. follow c. receive d. ask for his father gave him an _ of 1,000 pounds a year to help him finish his college education.a. permission b. permit c. allowance d. admissioni am _ to meet you, time _.a. likely; permits b. probable; permitting c. likely; permitting d. possible; permits its illegal to read peoples private letters without .a. pressure b. reputation c. standard d. permission【答案】dccd考点-11. push ahead with【教材原句】some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.(p42)一些科学家正在加紧研究，以制造出克隆的人类婴儿。【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子it is hard to push ahead with such an unpopular policy.这样一个不得人心的政策是很难 。he repeatedly pushed forward his own claim.他不断地 。tom was pushed over by a strong boy.汤姆被一个强壮的男孩 。why dont you push back your seat a little; it will help you to relax. 你为什么不把座位 。那样会让舒服的。she pushed her way through the big crowd. 她从大量人流中 。i wish she would stop annoying us and push off at once. 我但愿她不要再烦我们 。he pushed aside the feeling of fear. 他把恐惧的感觉 。james did not push her into stealing the money.詹姆士没有 。 【自主归纳】push ahead with义无反顾地进行，努力推进 push back 把向后推，把推回原处push through使通过，使得到批准push aside不考虑，避开，把放到一边push in推入push off离开push out拉出，排出push sb./sth. over 使某人/某物倒下或推翻why dont youpush backyour seat a little; it will help you to relax.it is hard to push ahead withsuch an unpopular policy.she pushed her way through the big crowd.i wish she would stop annoying us and push off.you switch on the computer and then push in the disk.【即时巩固】单项选择题the government decided to go on_ economic reforms in the next five years.a. putting forward withb. going ahead withc. pushing ahead with d. accelerating the pace ofencourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.a. draw b. strike c. rush d. pushit is suggested that the wall _to build a new street.a. should push in b. be pushed in c. should push overd. be pushed over【答案】cdd考点-12. show respect for【教材原句】however, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.(p42)但是，有些人认为怀着摧毁人类胚胎的意图来克隆人类胚胎是对人类生命的不尊重。【例句研读】译出英语句子完成汉语句子we should show respect for our parents.我们 我们的父母。they have great respect for his ability.他们 他的才能。the two groups were similar with respect to income and status.这两组人员 是相似的。i want him to respect me as a career woman.我希望他 。it is worth remembering that children tend to copy their parents in this respect. 值得记住的是孩子们 往往会效仿父母。 【自主归纳】show respect for对表示敬意 have respect for尊重with respect to关于 in this respect在这方面respect vt.尊敬；尊重，遵守【即时巩固】完成句子我非常尊重你的哥哥。i have _ your brother.他根本不尊重她的感情。he showed _ her feelings.在这方面我们是很幸运的。_ we are very fortunate. 考点-13. for sale【教材原句】human life would just become a crop to be harvested or a product for sale. （p43）人类生命将只不过是待收割的庄稼或待售的产品而已。【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子the local people made fancy straw hats for sale.当地居民制作花式草帽 。we have many types of cosmetics for sale.我们有许多种化妆品 。many sweet food are on sale in the store.这家商店 多种甜食。im sorry this painting is not for sale.很抱歉这幅画是 。every time tom makes a sale he gets $50 commission.汤姆每 会得到50美元的佣金。 【自主归纳】for sale 待销售，供出售 on sale 出售，降价出售white sale 大减价 short sale 卖空，抛售make a sale 销售【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成英语句子妻子去世后他就不打算住在那里了，因此马上着手要将其卖掉。he had never intended living there after his wifes death and immediately set about trying to _. 他的旧居要以 49.5 万英镑的价格出售。his former home is _ at 495,000.英语教材和词典到处都有卖的。english textbooks and dictionaries are _ everywhere. 他在高英斯男装店买了一件打折的运动上衣。he bought a sports jacket _ at gowings mens store. 考点-14. take . into consideration【教材原句】in summary, i insist that you take the opinions of the people of the uk into consideration, and end this practice immediately. (p56)总之，我坚持要求你把英国人民的意见考虑在内，立即终止这项实践。【例句研读】译出英语句子完成汉语句子shes under a lot of stress，and you have to take that into consideration.她压力特别大，你得 。the proposals are still under consideration.那些提议 。he never has consideration for his wifes needs.他从来不 。he turned back in consideration of the worsening weather. 他 而返回.try to show a little more consideration for others. 尽力 。 i stayed at home all day out of consideration for my sick wife. ，我整天留在家中。 【自主归纳】对/把认真考虑，考虑到take . into consideration考虑到；作为对的回报in consideration of在考虑/审议中(be) under consideration 出于对考虑out of consideration for.对表示关心，为别人着想show/have consideration forgive .full consideration 充分考虑 leave .out of consideration忽视，不考虑【即时巩固】单项选择题after he took the serious situation _consideration，he made up his mind to look into the matter _person.a. into; in b.