湖南省蓝山二中高中英语 Unit3 Grammar and Usage学案2 牛津译林版选修8.doc

湖南省蓝山二中2014年高中英语 unit3 grammar and usage学案2 牛津译林版选修8 i am doing my homework.what are you doing?in the above sentences, the second sentence of each pair is a question. the order of the words in the sentences has been changed. this is called inversion. when we use inversion, we put the predicate or part of it before the subject, so the predicate is emphasized instead of the subject. inversion can be used in many cases besides in a question.2. the other cases where inversion can be used are as follows.u when the sentence begins with a negative word or a negative phrase such as neither, nor, never, not, at no time, seldom, hardly. please change the following sentences into inversion1) i cant swim; he cant swim eitheri cant swim; neither can he.2) i shall never forget the day when i met mr wang in the countryside. never shall i forget the day when i met mr wang in the countryside.3) smoking is at no time permitted in the meeting roomat no time is smoking permitted in the meeting room.4) he had hardly got into the room when the telephone rang.hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang.u when the sentence begins with only and so/such1) you will be able to master the language only by practising a few hours every day.only by practising a few hours every day, will you be able to master the language.2) she is so beautiful that we all like her.so beautiful is she that we all like her.3) she is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.such a beautiful girl is she that we all like her.note: inversion should not be used when only modifies the subject.u when the sentence begins with direct speech or part of it“ill come back in three days,” said tom.u when the subject is too longpresent at the meeting were many important persons.u when the sentence begins with here, there, in, out, up, down, on, etc.here is an apple for you.there goes the bell.there are many students in our school.note: if the subject is a pronoun, we can not use inversion.u inversion can also be used in formal language to talk about unreal conditionals.had i time (= if i had time), i would go and help you.were i you (= if i were you), i would go abroad.should he come (=if he should come), tell him to ring me up.u when a prepositional phrase which indicates a position is used as an adverbial of a place, we can put the prepositional phrase at the beginning of the sentence, and put the predicate verb before the subject.in front of our classroom are many beautiful trees.3. look at part a on page 41 and finish it.answersa 1 aunt really enjoyed france and so did i. 2 hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had forgotten our map in the room. 3 had you come with us, i think you would have enjoyed europe too. 4 is there anything special that i can bring you?4. finish part b.answersb 1 never have i seen such beautiful flowers in the city.2 neither do i have time to go to the museum today and nor do i want to.3 hardly had i started to look at the paintings when the teacher said it was time to leave the museum.4. the artist is always drawing; seldom is he seen without a notebook in his hand.for reference倒装句主语和谓语有两种顺序：一是主语在前，叫自然语序。反之 ，如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序，又分全部倒装语和部分倒装。全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。1全部倒装： 1) there be 句型：还可用 live, happen, exist, remain, stand等等动词作这类句型的谓语： long long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much. there happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out. there lies a large greenland in front of the house.2) then引起谓语为 come, follow的句子 then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。 then followed eight years of the anti-japanese war. 接着是八年抗战。3) 直接引语中间或后面表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）: “they must be in the fields now,” thought xiao lin. “他们准是下地了。”小林想道。 “help! help!” cried the little girl. 小姑娘叫道：“救命！救命！” 如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面： “take your seats, gentlemen,” wilson shouted. 威尔逊嚷道：“先生们坐好。” “that man is a famous star,” xiao yang told me in a whisper.小杨低声告诉我说：“那个人是著名的电影明星。” (其他情况可参见p57)2部分倒装1) only副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句 only then did i realize the importance of english. only in this way can you make progress in your english. only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. 注意：在only状语从句主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序；only修饰主语，不倒装。only tom knows the answer.2) 否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒装：表示否定意义的副词never, nor，neither, 表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few, seldom, little, 含有no和not的词组by no means（决不）, in no time（很快）, at no time（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）not until, not onlybut also, no sooner than hardly when / scarcely when即“否定词助动词/情态动词主语其他”。 never have i been in this city. little/seldom do i watch tv. not until i began to work did i realize how much time i had wasted. 注意：关联词的搭配；前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。3) 以so开头，用 “so助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，译作 “也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用 “neither/nor助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”。 译作 “也不是，也没有”。 the boy left home, and so did his sister a week later. society has changed and so have the people in it. 社会变了人也变了。 i dont think i can walk any further. neither can i. lets stop for a rest. 注意： 当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时译作 “的确，正是”应用自然语序： tom works hard. so he does and so do you. 倒装部分的助动词，情态动词，连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致，主谓一致的变化要与后面主语相呼应。 if you dont go, neither/nor shall i. (if you dont go, i shall not go.) 注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：it is the same with something /somebody或 so it is with something/somebody. i like english very much, but i dont like physics. it is the same with my brother. she does well in english, but is poor in maths. so it is with lucy. marx was born in germany and german was his native language. it was the same with engles4) 引导让步状语从句，表语/状语/动词原形as主语其他 clever as he is, he doesnt study well. child as he is, he knows a lot. try as she might, she failed. try as he would, he might fail again. hard as he tried, he didnt succeed. 注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略5) soadj /adv放在句首 so afraid was he in the darkness that he didnt dare to move an itch. so loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.6) 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were, should , were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装 if it hadnt been for their help, we couldnt have finished the work on time. hadnt it been for their help, we couldnt have finished the work on time. if there should be a flood, what would we do? should there be a flood, what would we do?7) 频度副词及短语often, always, now and then, many a time , every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装 many a time has he come to comfort me. often did he warn them not to do so.8) 某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序 may you succeed. 祝你成功！ long live the communist party of china! 共产党万岁！高考链接1. _, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. (1997nmet)a. however late is he b. however he is late c. however is he late d. however late he is2. david has made great progress recently. (1997上海) _, and _. a. so he has so you have b. so he has so have you c. so has he so have you d. so has he so you have3. not a single song _at yesterdays party. (2000上海)a. she sang b. sang she c. did she sing d. she did sing4. it was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. my god! _. (1997上海) a. so did i b. so i did c. so were you d. so did you5. i finally got the job i dreamed about. never in all my life so happy _. (2000北京春) a. did i feel b. i felt c. i had felt d. had i felt6. maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else_ such a beautiful palace . (2004辽宁)acan you find byou could find cyou can find dcould you find 7. not until all the fish died in the river _how serious the pollution was. (1995 nmet)a. did the villagers realize b. the villagers realizedc. the villagers realized d. didnt the villagers realize8. only in this way _to make improvement in the operating system. (2003上海春) a. you can hope b. you did hope c. can you hope d. did you hope9. not until i began to work _how much time i had wasted. (1990nmet)a. didnt i realize b. did i realize c. i didnt realize d. i realize10. the old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _with each other. (2003全国)a. they had quarreled b. they have quarreled c. have they quarreled d. had they quarreledkeys: 1-5 dbcbd 6-10 aacbc step 3: consolidationi. multiple choice1. did you enjoy that trip?im afraid not. and _. a. my classmates dont either b. my classmates dont too c. neither do my classmates d. neither did my classmates2. only after i read the text over again _ its main idea.a. that i knew b. did i knewc. i could know d. i did know3. if you dont eat it, neither _. a. shall ib. do ic. i dod. i shall4. no sooner _ to the station _ the train left.a. had i got, when b. i had got, thanc. had i got, than d. did i get, when5. not only _ a promise, but also he kept it.a. did he make b. he madec. does he make d. has he made6. _ today, he would get there by sunday.a. would he leave b. was he leaving c. were he to leave d. if he leave7. never in my life _ such a thing.a. i have heard or have seen b. have i heard or seenc. i have heard or seen d. did i hear or see8. here _! where is xiao liu?there _. a. comes the bus, is he b. comes the bus, he isc. the bus comes, is he d. the bus comes, he is9. _, i will not buy it.a. much as do i like it b. as much i like itc. much as i like it d. as i like it much10. i like football. i dont like volleyball. _.a. so do i b. neither do i c. so it is with me d. so is it with me11. _ the expense, i _ to italy.a. if it were not, gob. were it not for, would goc. werent it for, will god. if it hadnt been, would have gone12. so _ in the darkness that he didnt dare to move an inch.a. he was frightened b. was he frightened c. frightened he was d. frightened was he13. _ and caught the mouse.a. up the cat jumped b. the cat up jumpedc. up jumped the cat d. jumped up the cat14. you have an english class every day except sunday. _.a. so we have b. so we doc. so have we d. so do we15. i wonder if your wife will go to the ball. if your wife _, so _ mine.a. does; will b. will; doesc. will; would d. does; do16. _, i would accept the invitation and go to the party. a. were i you b. was i you c. had i been you d. would 1 be you17.