（浙江专版）2018年中考英语特训总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理篇 第12课时 八下 Units 3-4（精讲）试题.doc

第12课时八年级(下)units 34,基础知识梳理重点单词1.rubbish n垃圾；废弃物2floor n地板3mess n杂乱；不整洁4neither adv.也不 pron.两者都不5shirt n衬衫6pass v给；递；走过；通过7borrow v借；借用8finger n手指9hate v厌恶；讨厌10while conj.与同时；当的时候；而；然而11stress n精神压力；心理负担12waste n浪费；垃圾 v浪费；滥用13.provide v提供；供应14anyway adv.而且；加之15since conj. 因为；既然 prep.conj.&adv.从以后；自以来16neighbor n. 邻居17allow v允许；准许18wrong adj.有毛病；错误的19guess v猜测；估计20elder adj.年纪较长的21whatever pron.任何；每一 22.nervous adj.焦虑的；担忧的23offer v主动提出；自愿给予24.copy v抄袭；模仿；复制；复印25return v归还；回来；返回26anymore adv.(常用于否定句和疑问句末)再也(不)；(不)再27member n成员；分子28pressure n压力29opinion n意见；想法；看法30skill n技艺；技巧31continue v持续；继续存在32crazy adj.不理智的；疯狂的33push v鞭策；督促；推动34cause v造成；引起35perhaps adv.可能；大概；也许词汇拓展1.relation n. relationship n关系；联系relative n亲戚；亲属2cloud n. cloudy adj. 多云的3sweep v. swept (过去式/过去分词)扫；打扫4throw v. threw (过去式)thrown (过去分词)扔；掷5lend v. lent (过去式/过去分词)借给；借出6develop v. development n发展；发育；成长developing adj.发展中的developed adj.发达的；高度发展的7drop v. dropped (过去式/过去分词)落下；掉下8deal v&n. dealt(过去式/过去分词)处理；应付9argue v. argument n争论；争吵10.communicate v. communication n交流；沟通11explain v. explanation n解释；说明12compete v. competition n比赛；竞赛；竞争13ill adj. illness n疾病；病14fair adj. fairness n公正性；合理性unfair adj.不合理的；不公正的15proper adj. properly adv.正确地；恰当地16clear adj. clearly adv.清楚地；清晰地；明白地17quick adj. quickly adv.快地；迅速地18usual adj. unusual adv. 不寻常的；与众不同的usually adv.通常地；一般地19two num. second(序数词)第二secondly adv. 第二；其次重点短语1.take out the rubbish倒垃圾2do the dishes洗餐具3make ones bed整理床铺4all the time频繁；反复5as soon as一就；尽快6in order to目的是；为了7depend on依靠；依赖8take care of照顾；处理9.do chores做家务10as a result结果11fall ill患病12look through快速查看；浏览13work out成功地发展；解决14get on with和睦相处；关系良好15cut out删除；删去16comparewith比较；对比17in ones opinion依看核心句型1.could you please sweep the floor？请你(帮我)打扫地板好吗？2could i use your computer？我能用用你的电脑吗？3for one week，she did not do any housework and neither did i一周来，她没有做任何家务，我也没有做。4housework is a waste of their time.做家务是在浪费他们的时间。5they should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。6.i think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做家务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。7my parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends.我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们闲逛。8well，i found my sister looking through my things yesterday.哦，昨天我发现我妹妹翻了我的东西。9doctors say too much pressure is not good for a childs development.医生说太多的压力对孩子的发展无益。续表话题与情景交际unit 3 礼貌地提出请求；征求许可礼貌地提出请求1could you please take out the rubbish?yes，sure./of course./certainly./ok./all right.征求许可2could i hang out with my friends after the movie?yes，but dont come back too late.unit 4 谈论问题1whats wrong？/whats the matter with you?im really tired because i studied until midnight last night.提供建议2what should he do?he should talk to his friend so that he can say hes sorry.3maybe you could go to his house.i guess i could，but i dont want to surprise him.语法聚焦1.“why dont you？”句型2连词(until，so that和although),知识点解析辨析borrow，lend与keep【名师解析】could i borrow that book？我能借那本书吗？(1)borrow 意为“借入”，常用于borrow sth. from sb.或borrow ones sth.结构，表示主语向别人借东西。如：i borrowed a pen from her.我向她借了一支钢笔。(2)lend 意为“借出”，常用于lend sb. sth.或lend sth. to sb.结构，表示主语把东西借给别人。如：could you lend me your bike？你能借我你的自行车吗？(3)keep是延续性动词，意为“保存；借”，表示“借多长时间”时要用keep，而不是borrow或lend。如：how long can i keep the book？这本书我能借多久？you can keep it for a week.你可以借一个星期。注意：borrow和lend都是短暂性动词。【对点导练】borrow，lend，keep1jim，may i _borrow_ your dictionary？i left mine at home.2ive _kept_ this magazine for two weeks.i have to return it now.3i _lent_ him the book three days ago，but he hasnt given it back to me yet.辨析provide，offer，give与supply【名师解析】词汇意义用法例句provide“供给；提供；装备；准备”强调有预见，并通过储存或准备的方式为提供某物做准备。we provided them with board and lodging.我们给他们提供食宿。offer“提出；提供；呈现”强调主动提供，向别人提供可接受也可拒绝的某物，如帮助、服务或物品等。he offered me a job，but i didnt accept it.他给我提供了一份工作，但我没有接受。give“供给；给予”“给出”或因别人需要而“给”。we gave her some flowers for her birthday.我们送她一些花以庆祝她的生日。supply“供给；补充；弥补”供给(量)，物资，存货。we are well supplied with food.我们的食品供给充足。provide，offer，give和supply短语的区别：provideforprovidewithoffertooffergivetogivesupplytosupplywith【对点导练】provide，offer，give，supply1could you _provide_ me with information about student exchange programs?2the supermarket _supplies_ the customers with all kinds of goods.3i heard the company _offered_ tom a very good job，but he turned it down.4what a good suggestion youve _given_ me!allow的用法【名师解析】allowallow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。be allowed to do sth.为被动结构，意为“被允许做某事”。allow doing sth.意为“允许做某事”。如：my mother allows me to play for only 30 minutes a day.我妈妈一天只允许我玩30分钟。am i allowed to use this typewriter？我能用一下这台打字机吗？he allows smoking here.他允许在这儿吸烟。【对点导练】1my parents dont allow me _to_go_(go) out at night.2look at the sign! parking is not _allowed_(allow) here.3they dont allow _talking_(talk) loudly in the library.辨析deal with与do with【名师解析】短语含义用法例句deal with处理；应付强调处理的方式、方法，常与how连用。mr. green taught me how to deal with pressure.格林先生教会我如何应对压力。do with处理；安置强调处理的对象，常与what连用。i dont know what to do with these old clothes.我不知道如何处理这些旧衣服。【对点导练】do with，deal with1how should we _deal_with_ these math problems?2the mother really doesnt know what to _do_with_ her naughty pare的用法【名师解析】短语用法例句comparewith把和比较(常表示同类相比，比较)comparewithcomparewithif you compare his work with hers，youll find hers is much better.要是你把他的工作和她的比较一下，就会发现她的工作好得多。compareto把比作(常表示异类相比，比喻)comparetocomparetowe often compare teachers to gardeners.我们常把老师比作园丁。注意：compare放在句首作状语时，表被动要用compared，表示主动要用comparing。如：compared with many people，she is really lucky.和许多人相比，她真的很幸运。comparing this book with that one，she found that one is better.把这本书和那本书作比较，她发现那本书比较好。【对点导练】1teachers are always _compared_(compare) to candles.we are all grateful to them.2many parents like to _compare_(比较) their children with others.it gives children a lot of pressure.3we can learn about many differences in culture by _comparing_(比较) how people use certain words.辨析instead与instead of【名师解析】词汇insteadinstead of意义反而；代替而不是词性副词，用于连接句子介词短语，其后接词或词组续表用法(1)位于句尾。句子instead(2)如果位于句首，常用逗号与后面隔开。instead，句子在句中的位置比较灵活，其后经常跟名词、代词、介词短语或动名词。即：instead of宾语例句ann said nothing.she began to cry instead.安什么也没说，反而开始哭起来。marys uncle is leaving for russia instead of japan.玛丽的叔叔要动身前往俄罗斯而不是日本。【对点导练】instead of，instead1do you take your own cloth bag when shopping _instead_of_ using plastic bags?2you should relax yourself on weekends.you can try something new _instead_could you clean your room？请把你房间打扫干净好吗？【名师解析】该句型中could不是can的过去式，而是表示礼貌、委婉或不确定的语气，常用于请求帮助(第二人称)或请求允许(第一人称)的疑问句中。“could you please？”是一个婉转请求别人帮忙的句型，意为“请你好吗？”其后接动词原形。其肯定回答为：ok/yes/sure/of course，； 否定回答有：sorry/no，im afraid not/id love to，but。【对点导练】请你把窗户打开好吗？不好意思，我感冒了。_could_ _you_ _please_ open the window?_sorry_，i had a cold.for one week，she did not do any housework and neither did i一周来，她没有做任何家务，我也没有做。【名师解析】“neither did i”意为“我也没有”，该结构为 neither引导的否定倒装句。其构成为“neitherbe动词/情态动词/助动词主语”，表示前者的否定情况也适用于后者。如：tom cant play the piano at all.汤姆根本不会弹钢琴。neither can i我也不会。注意：“sobe动词/情态动词/助动词主语”意为“也是如此”。“sobe动词/情态动词/助动词主语”，是“neitherbe动词/情态动词/助动词主语”的肯定形式，表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另外一个主体，意为“某某也一样”。如：tom is good at swimming.汤姆擅长游泳。so am i我也是。“so主语be动词/情态动词/助动词”意为“的确如此”。如果只是重复前面一句话的意思表示赞同，主语指同一个人或物，则不需要倒装，直接用“so主语be动词/情态动词/助动词”，意思是“的确如此”。如：he is a clever boy.他是个聪明的男孩。so he is.的确如此。【对点导练】(d)1.if you dont want to go out for dinner，_.aso do ibso will icneither do i dneither will i(a)2.i dont have much money to buy this dress._aneither do i bneither i docso do i dso i domy mom came over as soon as i sat down in front of the tv.我一坐在电视前，妈妈就走过来。【名师解析】as soon as 意为“一就”，引导时间状语从句。在使用时，要注意主、从句时态一致。当主句是一般将来时或过去将来时时，从句应对应使用一般现在时或过去时。如：well go to play basketball as soon as the rain stops tomorrow.明天雨一停我们就出去打篮球。【对点导练】he _will_call_(call) you as soon as he _gets_(get) home .please dont worry. they should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.他们应该花费时间在学业上，以便能取得好成绩，进入一所好的大学。【名师解析】in order to意为“目的是；为了”。其后接动词原形，表示目的，可位于句首，也可位于句中，其否定形式为in order not to。如：he went to the hall early in order to get a good seat.他很早就到大厅了，以便能找到一个好座位。【知识拓展】in order that意为“以便；目的”，后接从句表示目的，从句中常用may，might，can，could，will be able to，would，should等情态动词，多用于正式的书面语中。【对点导练】为了能完成任务，他们夜以继日地工作。_in_order_to_ finish the task，they kept working day and night.they kept working day and night _in_order_that_ they could finish the task.the earlier kids learn to be independent，the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。【名师解析】“the比较级，the比较级”意思是“越，越”“比较级and比较级”意思是“越来越”。如：the more you eat，the fatter you will be.吃得越多，你就越胖。our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家正变得越来越美丽。【对点导练】中国越努力，就越强大。_the_harder_ china works, _the_stronger_ it becomes.,话题作文情感交流【话题解析】人际沟通与情感交流既有家庭方面的，也有社会层面的。此话题主要会从以下两个方面进行设题：人际沟通方面存在的问题。在家庭，父母与子女之间的沟通；在社会，朋友或同事之间的交流等。对人际沟通存在的问题给出一些建议。【常见表达】常用短语：1be strict with sb.对某人要求严格2stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事3allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事4ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事5i believe that我确信6deal with处理常用句型：1its important to learn how to get on well with others.2friendship requires good communication.3as we know，we should learn how to get on well with others.4let me tell some rules of my family.5he seems a little unhappy.6everyone gets these feelings at your age.7she feels very lonely because she has no friends to talk with.8you must be friendly to others.9always say less than you think.10keep your promise，no matter what it costs.11if we cant communicate well，we can hardly get along with our friends.12only in these ways can we get along well with others.13i believe you can get on well with your parents if you put your heart into it.14well all learn to get along better with each other.典例示范(德阳中考)假设你是张伟，你的英国笔友frank来信告诉你，他因长时间打游戏与父母发生了争吵，很难过。请你根据以下要点及要求，用英语写封回信。要点：1.长时间打游戏是错的，父母是对的；2打游戏浪费时间，伤害眼睛，不利于学习；3向父母道歉，与他们沟通；4不打游戏，努力学习，帮父母做家务。要求：1.必须包括以上所有要点，可适当发挥；2词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；3不能出现真实的人名、校名及地名。dear frank，ive received your letter and i know you argued with your parents.i really worry about you.i think_please be happy and everything will be better.yours，zhang wei【写作思路】回信内容1.表达关切之情；2表明立场；3分析对错；4提出解决问题的办法；5表达美好祝愿。【范文展示】dear frank，ive received your letter and i know you argued with your parents.i really worry about you.i think its wrong for you to play games for a long time.your parents are right because playing games wastes a lot of time and its bad for your eyes and study.you should understand and respect your parents and get on well with them.in this way，you can be happy and improve yourself quickly.i also think that you shoul