高二必修五重点难点——时间、条件和让步状语从句.doc

Section Grammar时间、条件和让步状语从句时间、条件和让步状语从句在高考中约占3分，考查形式主要有单选、完型填空、语篇填空和改错，主要考察这三种从句中的引导词、谓语动词。幻灯片3一、时间状语从句1no sooner.than与hardly.when都表示主句与从句的动作相继发生，意为“一就，刚刚就”，主句动词用过去完成时。如no sooner，hardly位于句首时，主句用倒装形式。He had hardly gone to bed when the doorbell rang.Hardly had he gone to bed when the doorbell rang.他刚睡下门铃就响了。No sooner had he got off the train than his daughter ran towards him.他刚下火车，他女儿就向他跑了过来。幻灯片42as soon as，the moment，immediately引导的从句表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生，常译为“一就”。名词词组the second，the minute，the moment，every time，any time，next time，the first/last time，the day/week/month等亦可作连词，引导时间状语从句。They told me about it as soon as/immediately/the moment they got the message.他们一听到口信就把消息告诉了我。Every time he walked by the lake，he thought of his childhood life.每当他走过那个湖时，就会想起童年的生活。注意：immediately可用做连词也可用做副词。幻灯片53till和until词义是“直到，一直为止”，表示一个动作持续到某一时刻或某一动作发生为止，在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句中要用延续性动词；在否定句中，可以用非延续性动词。She stood there till/until he had passed out of sight.她站在那里看着，直到望不见他的身影。Until they had finished the work，they did not go home.Not until they had finished the work did they go home.直到工作完成了他们才回家。幻灯片6注意：(1)在not.until结构中not until位于句首时主句部分倒装。在强调句中，强调until引导时间状语时，常把not提前，构成It isnt/wasnt until.that.。(2)not.until和not.before意思相同，表示“直到才，在以前不”。幻灯片74before和since(1)若表达“还未就”“不到就”“ 才”“趁，还没来得及”时，需用连词before。He had put the broken vase away before his mother came back.他趁妈妈还没回来就把打碎的花瓶收拾好了。(2)It will be时间段before sb.do(does)“多久之后才”。It will be 3 days before our manager signs the agreement.要过3天后经理才签那份协议。幻灯片8(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是表示反复发生的动作。since从句的时态通常是一般过去时，主句中的时态则通常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。He has written to me frequently since I got sick.自从我病了以后，他经常给我写信。幻灯片9(4)在It is时间段since从句句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。It is half a year since she was in our class.她离开我们班有半年了。It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟有三年了。二、条件状语从句1if和unless(1)if意为“如果”，而unless意为“除非，如果不”。if.not与unless通常可互换，但if可引导非真实条件句(用虚拟语气)，unless一般不表示非真实条件。幻灯片10(2)if引导的从句表示好的条件时，可用providing that，provided that，on condition that等替换；表示不好的条件时，可用so(as)long as替换。If I were you，I would go to university for further education.我要是你，我会上大学接受更进一步的教育。They have a meeting every Monday，unless there is nothing to discuss.他们每周一开一次会，除非没有事情可商谈。幻灯片112supposing (假如)，suppose (that)(假如)，as (so) long as (只要)，on condition that (在条件下)，等引导从句，表示“如果，只要，在条件下”等意义。in case引导从句，表示“万一”。Supposing you are wrong，what will you do?假定你是错的，你怎么办？You can go out，as long as you promise to be back before 11 oclock.只要你答应十一点钟前回来，你就可以出去。幻灯片123only if引导从句用陈述语气，意为“只要”；if only引导从句用虚拟语气，意为“但愿，要是就好了”。Only if we persist in carrying out the opendoor policy，we will achieve greater success.只要我们坚持实行开放政策，我们就会取得更大的成就。If only I had known it，I wouldnt have troubled him.要是我早知道那件事，我就不会麻烦他了。幻灯片134祈使句and/or句子，祈使句表示条件。Give him an inch and he will take a mile.得寸进尺。三、让步状语从句1though，although，even if，even though都有“虽然，即使，尽管”的意思，even if，even though语气较强，though和although语气较弱。though不如although正式；though可用于假设，although用于陈述“事实”。I had a good time although/though/even if/even though I didnt know anybody at the party.尽管在聚会上我谁也不认识，但我还是玩得很高兴。幻灯片14注意：(1)though，although等不与but连用，但可在主句前加yet，still。(2)though从句中形容词、名词等为表语时，为加强语气可置于though前。2while也可引导让步从句，突出对比主句和从句所表示的两种情况。While he is young，he is experienced.他虽然年轻，却有经验。幻灯片153whether.or (not)可引导让步状语从句，提供两个对比的情况，意为“不管”。Whether it rains or not，I shall go out tomorrow.不管下不下雨，明天我要出去。4whatever，whenever，wherever，whoever，whichever，however也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what (when，where，who，which，how)，意思为：无论什么，无论何时，无论何处，无论是谁，无论哪一个，无论如何。however引导让步状语从句时与它所修饰的词在从句的句首。幻灯片16Whatever happens，we shall never lose heart.(No matter what happens，we shall never lose heart.)无论发生什么，我们都不会失去信心。5as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，结构如下：幻灯片17动词或现在分词放在句首，谓语要加助动词do，does，did或will等；作表语的单数可数名词置于句首时，前不加冠词。Patient as he was，he was unwilling to wait three hours.他虽有耐心，但也不愿等三个小时。Hard as she tried，she failed to pass the exam.尽管她努力了，但还是没有通过考试。Fail as he did，he would never give up.尽管失败了，他也决不会放弃 。幻灯片18幻灯片19.句型转换1No matter when I see him，he is busy with his research work._I see him，he is busy with his research work.答案：Whenever2Until you told me about it，I had no idea of it.Not until you told me about it_I_an idea of it.答案：did；have幻灯片203We had hardly walked into the hall when the lecture started.Hardly _we walked into the hall_the lecture started.答案：had；when4We learn English hard because it is being widely used at present.It is_English is being widely used at present_we learn it hard.答案：because；that幻灯片215He left here for three years.It is three years_he lived here.答案：since幻灯片22.单项填空1Only if_many different questions _ acquire all the information you need to know.Ayou ask；will you Bdo you ask；will youCdo you ask；you will Dyou will ask；do you解析：onlyif从句置于句首，从句不倒装，主句应倒装，在条件状语从句中，从句常用现在时表将来，主句常用将来时，故选A。答案：A幻灯片232_，he could not lift the box up.AAs he might try BTry while he mightCTry though he might DMight he as try解析：考查让步状语从句。as引导让步状语从句必须倒装；though引导让步状语从句可倒装也可不倒装，故选C。答案：C幻灯片243How long do you suppose it is_he arrived there?Awhen BbeforeCafter Dsince解析：句意为：你认为他到那儿有多久了？since “自从”，引导的状语从句用一般过去时态，主句用一般现在时态或现在完成时态，do you suppose为插入语。答案：D幻灯片254_difficult it is，Yao Mingmanager of Shanghai Basketball Team，will do his best to lead it to a higher level.ANo matter what BNo matter howCNo matter DAlthough解析：根据句子结构排除C和D。C项后面需接引导词；D项后面的句子不能倒装；A项不能修饰形容词，故选B。答案：B幻灯片265Did Jack come back early last night?Yes.It was not eight oclock_he arrived home.Abefore BthatCwhen Duntil解析：句意为：昨晚杰克回来得很早吗？是的，当他到家的时候还不到8点。when从属连词，意为“当的时候”。答案：C幻灯片276Young _ he is，he knows a great deal about advanced technology.Aas BalthoughCso Dyet解析：句意为：他虽然年轻，但对先进的技术了解甚多。young as he isalthough/though he is young，相当于一个让步状语从句。答案：A幻灯片287The American Civil War lasted four years_the North won in the end.Aafter BbeforeCwhen Dthen解析：句意为：“美国内战持续了四年，北方才最终取得了胜利。”(在北方取得胜利之前，美国内战持续了四年。)此处为before引导的时间状语从句，应注意句中before的翻译方法。如It wont be long before we meet again.我们不久就能见面了。答案：B幻灯片298Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday_it rains or its very cold.Asince BifCunless Duntil解析：句意为：除非下雨或天很冷，我们将在本周日去公园野餐。从句子之间的逻辑关系判断此处应为条件句，且为否定条件，相当于if.not，故排除if，而选unless。A项since表因果关系。D项until只能引导时间状语从句，故排除。答案：C幻灯片309We were about to set off_it suddenly began to rain.Aand BbutCwhen Dwhile解析：句意为：我们正要动身，这时突然下起雨来。be about to.when.常用搭配，正要这时突然。答案：C幻灯片3110John fell asleep_ he was listening to the music.Aafter BbeforeCwhile Dimmediately解析：句意为：“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。在从句中动作是延续的，而且主句中的动作是在从句动作延续的过程中发生的，故C项正确。”答案：C幻灯片3211You will be successful in the interview_you have confidence.Abefore BonceCuntil Dthough解析：句意为：在面试中，当你有了信心，你就会成功的。B项once相当于when和as soon as (一旦；当时候；一就)；C项应用于not.until结构中；D项意为“尽管、虽然”；语意不正确。答案：B幻灯片3312Mom，what did your doctor say?He advised me to live_the air is fresher.Ain where Bin whichCthe place Dwhere解析：句中live为不及物动词，故后应使用地点状语从句。B选项中的in which用来引导定语从句，而该句中没有先行词，故不可用。答案：D幻灯片3413Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go_theres sun，sea and beach.Aas if Bas long asCnow that Din order that解析：句意为：暑假有什么打算？去什么地方都行，只要有阳光、大海和沙滩就可以了。as long as只要，引导条件状语从句；as if好像；now that既然；in order that为了，不符合语境要求。答案：B幻灯片3514_I enjoy the book with some nice pictures，I dont have enough money to buy it.ASince BWhileCAs DIf解析：since既然；while虽然；as由于；if如果，据句意答案选B。答案：B幻灯片3615_he took part in the competition，he won a gold medal.AFor the first time BAt a timeCAt one time DThe first time解析：句意为：他第一次参加比赛就获得了金牌。for the first time第一次，不能引导从句；at a time一次；at one time曾经，the first time可引