英语主谓一致经典教案.doc

.主谓一致教学目的：让学生掌握主谓一致概念以及主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则，通过判断主谓一致该遵循哪个原则，培养学生的分析判断能力。教学重点：主谓一致的几个考点。教学难点：1、遵循就近原则的几个固定句型结构2、 关于many a 与more than one的主谓一致问题3、 关于one of 的主谓一致问题 教学过程：一、考情分析主谓一致基本每年都会考，主要靠点集中在语法一致，意义一致和就近一致上面。还要注意（the）one of + 复数名词+ who/that/which 引导的定语从句的谓语的单复数。很多学因缺乏相应的语句结构基础知识，故在讲课前须让学生明白句间结构的组成和主谓一致的概念含义。句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语等。英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： （主谓） 基本句型二： （主谓表） 基本句型三： （主谓宾） 基本句型四： O （主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五： （主谓宾宾补）主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)， 是句子所述说的主体、对象。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有一个单词、短语、从句乃至句子。谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb)是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，其位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词主要动词）构成。表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于联系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构钟，联系动词只是形式上的谓语，二真正起谓语作用的则是表语。可以作表语的词有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。宾语（object）在句中主要充当动作、行为、活动的对象、接受者或受影响者。因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。状语（adverbial）是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语（appositive）.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。He himself doesnt know why.（代词做同位语）We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country.（名词）They two went, we three stayed behind.他们俩去了，我们三个留了下来。（数词）The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。（动名词或不定式）the art of writing 写作艺术（Of 短语用作同位语）The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不正确。（从句）主谓一致：主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。如动词be 会根据主语的不同而变化:I am; He is; We are. 语法一致：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。主谓一致 意义一致：谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。 就近一致：谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的主语。二、讲课过程（一）语法一致1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.What he said is very important for us all.The children were in the classroom two hours ago.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.考点一：2.由连接词and或both.and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins.She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.Both she and he are Young Pioneers.考点二：3.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She，like you and Tom，is very tall.真题复现4、5、7、8His wife as well as he _invited to the business party.(2005)has been B.have been C.has D.areThe teacher, together with the students,_to go to the park this weekend.(2005专业英语)are decided B.have decided C.has decided D.were decidedMany gases, including the nitrogen and oxygen in air,_color or odor.(2005专业英语)have no B.which have no C.not having D.having noJohn as well as Jack_just been back from an important meeting.(2005专业英语)A.have B.has C.are D.is考点三：4.either， neither， each， every 或no +单数名词和由some， any， no， every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：真题复现10、19Every means_but without much result.(2007)have been tried B.has been tried C. have tried D.has triedEither of _is quite capable of the work.(2012)A.girl B.the girls C.girl D.the girl考点四：5.在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：真题复现2、18Tom is one of those students who_friendly;however, it is very hard to get along with him.(2004)is appearted to be B.are appeared to beC.appears to be D.appear to be He is _of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.(2011)A.the only one B.only one C.one D.a 考点五：6.由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：真题复现6、17、20Since 1966,probably one-quarter of the people in the world_listen to or watched the World Cup.(2005专业英语)A.has B.is C.have D.are_of the land in that district _covered with trees and grass. (2011)A.Two fifth, is B.Two fifths, are C.Two fifth, are D.Two fifths, isHalf of his goods_stolen the other day. (2013)A.are B.were C.is D.was7.有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数（如glasses，trousers，shoes，shorts，scissors等）做主语时，谓语动词用复数.如：The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适 考点六：8. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:真题复现3、12Many a man_life is meaningless without purpose.(2004专业英语)A.think B.had thought C.thinks D.thoughtMore than one person_been infected with the disease.(2007)A.has B.have C.having D.to have9.“a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.10. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus.On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.（二）意义一致1.what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag？Which are your bags？All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is （are） left on the table.5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：I think physics isnt easy to study.考点七：7.集合名词(1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.若当成一个整体来看，谓语动词用单数；若指其中每一个成员，谓语动词用复数。真题复现13The Board of Directors_shaking _at the Chairmans speech. I think,_of what he is saying.(2007)A.are,their heads,they disapprove B.is, its head,it disapprovesC.are, their heads, it disapproves D.is, its head, they disapp