阅读教程第二版ppt课件

Unit3BeautyImage,CosmeticorAestheticSurgery,AestheticSurgeryinvolvestechniquesintendedfortheenhancementofappearancethroughsurgicalandmedicaltechniques,andisspecificallyconcernedwithmaintainingnormalappearance,restoringit,orenhancingitbeyondtheaverageleveltowardsomeaestheticideal.In2006,nearly11millioncosmeticsurgerieswereperformedintheUnitedStatesalone.ThenumberofcosmeticsproceduresperformedintheUnitedStateshasincreasedover50percentsincethestartofthecentury.,Nearly12millioncosmeticsurgerieswereperformedin2007,withthefivemostcommonbeingbreastaugmentation,liposuction,nasalsurgery,eyelidsurgeryandabdominoplasty.TheincreaseduseofcosmeticsurgerycrossesracialandethniclinesintheU.S.,withincreasesseenamongAfrican-AmericansandHispanicAmericansaswellasCaucasianAmericans.InEurope,thesecondlargestmarketforcosmeticprocedures,cosmeticsurgeryisa$2.2billionbusiness.,Themostprevalentaesthetic/cosmeticproceduresarelistedbelow.Mostofthesetypesofsurgeryaremorecommonlyknownbytheircommonnames.Thesearealsolistedwhenpertinent.,Abdominoplasty(ortummytuck):reshapingandfirmingoftheabdomenBlepharoplasty(oreyelidsurgery):Reshapingoftheeyelidsortheapplicationofpermanenteyeliner,includingAsianblepharoplasty,MammoplastyBreastaugmentation(breastenlargementorboobjob):Augmentationofthebreasts.Thiscaninvolveeitherfatgrafting,salineorsiliconegelprosthetics.InitiallyperformedtowomenwithmicromastiaBreastreduction:Removalofskinandglandulartissue.Indicatedtoreducebackandshoulderpaininwomenwithgigantomastiaand/orforpsychologicalbenefitinwomenwithgigantomastia/macromastiaandmenwithgynecomastia.Breastlift(Mastopexy):Liftingorreshapingofbreaststomakethemlesssaggy,oftenafterweightloss(afterapregnancy,forexample).ItinvolvesremovalofbreastskinasopposedtoglandulartissueorscarlessSerdevsuturetechnique,ButtockAugmentation(orbuttaugmentationorbuttimplants):Enhancementofthebuttocks.Thisprocedurecanbeperformedbyusingsiliconeimplantsorfatgraftingandtransferfromotherareasofthebody.Buttocklift(orbuttliftorbrazilianbuttlift):Lifting,projection,tighteningofthebuttocks.ThisprocedurecanbeperformedbyusingthescarlessSerdevsuturetechniquewithoutimplants.10Chemicalpeel:Minimizingtheappearanceofacne,pock,andotherscarsaswellaswrinkles(dependingonconcentrationandtypeofagentused,exceptfordeepfurrows),solarlentigines(agespots,freckles),andphotodamageingeneral.Chemicalpeelscommonlyinvolvecarbolicacid(Phenol),trichloroaceticacid(TCA),glycolicacid(AHA),orsalicylicacid(BHA)astheactiveagent.,Rhinoplasty(ornosejob):ReshapingofthenoseOtoplasty(orearsurgery):Reshapingoftheear.Mostoftendonebypinningtheearclosertothehead.Rhytidectomy(orfacelift):RemovalofwrinklesandsignsofagingfromthefaceSuction-AssistedLipectomy(orliposuction):RemovaloffatfromthebodyBrowlift:higherbrowpositionbysurgicalorscarlessSerdevsutureChinaugmentation:Augmentationofthechinwithanimplant(e.g.silicone),byslidinggenioplastyofthejawbone,orbysutureofthesofttissue.CheekaugmentationbysutureSerdevsutureCheeklift/Midfaceliftusingscarlesssuturetechnique.Collagen,fat,andothertissuefillerinjections(e.g.hyaluronicacid)Laserskinresurfacing,Reading1,1.Whydoyouthinktheyouthsareconcernedabouttheappearance?2.Whatisbeauty?Isthereastandardtoevaluateit?3.Whydoestheauthorthinkthesenseofinsecurityaboutlookisacommonphenomenon?4.Wheredothepressuresthatmakepeopleworryaboutappearancecomefrom?5.Whatsauthorsattitudetowardstheexaggeratedconcernaboutbodyimage?6.Howwouldyoudescribeyourownlooksusingappropriatewordsinthistext?7.Doyouthinkitiseasierforbetter-lookingpeopletoreceivebetterjob?,understanding,Reading1,Para.1“eyesthatpreviouslylookedlargemayappearsmallerbecausetheyveremainedthesamesizewhiletheotherfeatureshavegrown.”Eyesnormallydontgrowasmuchasotherfeaturessotheymayappearsmallerwhenpeoplegrowup.,LanguageExplanation,Texture:1.thewayasurface,substanceorfabricfeelswhenyoutouchit,forexample,howrough,smooth,hardorsoftitis2.thewayfoodordrinktastesorfeelsinyourmouth,forexample,whetheritisrough,smooth,light,heavy,etc.3.thewaythatdifferentpartsofapieceofmusicorliteraturearecombinedtocreateafinalimpression,Spot:1.asmallroundareathathasadifferentcolourorfeelsdifferentfromthesurfaceitison2.asmallmarkorlumponapersonsskin,sometimeswithayellowheadtoit,Para.2“Youonlyhavetolookatthosearoundyoutorealizethatpeopleareattractedbyeverypossiblephysicaltype.”Ifyoulookatthosearoundyou,youcaneasilyfindthatpeoplehaveawidevarietyoftastesonphysicaltypes.,Guessthemeaningof“slanting”from“large”and“round”,“inscrutable”from“lustrous”Guessthemeaningof“sloping”from“square”Fromthecomparison,wefindmanypairsofantonymsNeat:small,withapleasingshapeorappearance,Para.3,“Girlswhoaretallusuallylongtobedaintyandsmall,andviceversa.”Long:beeagertoDainty:(guessfromthemeaningof“small”)ofpeopleandthingssmallanddelicateinawaythatpeoplefindattractive娇小的；娇美的；精致的；小巧的Viceversa:usedtosaythattheoppositeofwhatyouhavejustsaidisalsotruee.g.womenmaybringtheirhusbandswiththem,andviceversa(meansthatmenmayalsobringtheirwiveswiththem),Para.4,“Yourebeingconditionedintofeelingasyoudo”(thecueliesinthefollowingsentence)Youdontautomaticallyfeelthatimageissoimportantbutareinfluencedbytheambientpressures.Bombardyouwithwarningsabout:offeryouagreatdealofwarningsaboutBadbreath:unpleasantsmellingbreath,“Yourparentsmaybecomeinvolvedinthisprocesstoo,byencouragingyoutothinkaboutyourappearance.”Yourparentsmayencourageyoutopayattentiontoappearance.Thisbehavioralsoincreasesthepressureonyouwhichmakesyoubemoreanxiousaboutyourlooks.,Para.5“Thewayyouseeyourselfinyourmindseyemaynotevenbeaccurate.”Whatareyoulikeinyourownimaginationmaynotbecorrect.Even:usedtointroduceamoreexactdescriptionofsb/sth,“Forinstancetotalappearance”Whatarethetwoinstancesgoingtoillustrate?Theinstancesintendtoindicatethatpeopletendtofocustoomuchontheirdefectsinappearanceandneglectjudgingfromthetotality.,“Itwouldbefoolishtosuggestthatlooksdontmatteratall,buteveryoneknowspeoplewithallkindsofbeautyhandicapsasquint,badskin,oralargenosewhononethelesshaveeasy,lovingrelationships.”peoplewithallkindsofbeautyhandicaps:peoplehavingdifferenttypesofdefectsinlooksWhole:Weshouldadmitthatlooksareimportant.However,weknowthatsomepeoplewhohavedefectsinlooks-asquint,bad,skin,oralargenose-dohaveeasyandlovingrelationships.,Whatsyourunderstandingof“self-acceptance”?(Fromthefollowingsentences)Dontalwaysbefussyaboutthedefectsinyourlooksandcompareyourselfwithpeoplearoundyou.Acceptwhatyouhaveandmakethebestofyourself.ThemainideaofPara.5Peopleshouldnotfocustoomuchontheirdefectsinlooksbutmakethebestofthemselves.,Reading2,1.WhowerethesubjectsoftheDeakinUniversitystudybyMs.Thomas?2.WhatwerethefindingsofthepreviousDeakingstudy?3.HowdidDr.CoventrycommentonMs.Thomassstudy?4.AccordingtoMs.Thomas,whatshouldchildrenbetaughtabouttheirbodies?5.HowdidDr.Foulkesfeelattheresultoftherecentstudy?,understanding,Reading2,Anorexianervosaisapsychiatricillnessthatdescribesaneatingdisordercharacterizedbyextremelylowbodyweightandbodyimagedistortionwithanobsessivefearofgainingweight.Individualswithanorexianervosaareknowntocontrolbodyweightcommonlythroughthemeansofvoluntarystarvation,excessiveexercise,orotherweightcontrolmeasuressuchasdietpillsordiuretic(利尿的)drugs.Whiletheconditionprimarilyaffectsadolescentfemales,approximately10%ofpeoplewiththediagnosisaremale.Anorexianervosa,involvingneurobiological,psychological,andsociologicalcomponents,isacomplexconditionthatcanleadtodeathinthemostseverecases.Q1:Whichgenderismorepronetosufferfromanorexianervosa?Q2:Howmanydisciplines(学科)areinvolvedinthisillness?,Information,Reading2,Title:weighheavilyon:tomakesbveryanxiousorworried同时weighheavilyon又和fat呼应Para.1“Almostasmanyboysreporteddietingasgirlsandmanyofthechildrensurveyed”AlmostasmanyboysasgirlswhoweredietingasreportedandmanyofthechildrenwhoweresurveyedPara.2havedescribethefindingsashighlyalarmingDescribe/consider/sth.as+adj.e.g.describeyouasenthusiasticAlarming:causingworryandfearWhole:wereshockedbythefindings,LanguageExplanation,Para.3“Dietarybehaviorisoneofthemainfactorspredisposingapersontoeatingdisorders”Peoplesbehavioraboutdietisoneofthemostimportantfactorsthatprobablymakesthemsufferfromeatingdisorders.Para.4Anorexianervosa:(guessfromtheformerappositive同位语)AformofthepotentiallyfatalslimmingdisorderFatal:causingorendingindeath,Para.5honoursstudent:astudentrecognizedforachievinghighgradesorhighmarksintheircourseworkPara.7minorconcerns:slightworriesthoughmostpartoftheissuegoeswellPara.8onthetophalf(oftheleg):thigh,Para.12purge:tothrowupthefood/tovomitExtendedmeaning:tomakeyourself/sb/sthpure,healthyorcleanbygettingridofbadthoughtsorfeelingse.g.HowcanIpurgethisshamefrommyheart?我怎么能从心头除去这一耻辱？Catholicsgotoconfessiontobepurgedofsin/purge(away)theirsin/purgetheirsoulsofsin天主教徒透过告解以获得赦罪净化灵魂Para.14“Atriskofdevelopinganeatingdisorder”Indangerofgettingeatingdisorder,Para.17Worrying:thatmakesyouworryV+ing:adj.thatmakessbingV+ed:adj.ing形式表示事物本身性质(客观性),ed形式表示人的感受(主观性)e.g.surprisingv.s.surprisedexcitingv.s.excitedterrifyingv.s.terrified,Para.19Onset:thebeginningofsth,especiallysthunpleasantEarlyonset:medicinethesymptomoccursatanearlyagePara.22“One-in-fourchildrenchoseidealbodyfiguresthinnerthantheirperceivedactualbody.”Onefourthsofthechildrenchosetheidealbodyfiguresintheirmindswhichwerethinnerthantheirownfiguresnoticedbyothers.Para.26WhydidThomasgiveussuchanexampleofthekidsresponse?Thekidsareseriouslyinfluencedbytheadultsathome.Theenvironmentinwhichfatisscaredofmadethekidslearnmoreaboutthisissueunconsciously.,Para.28When:althoughe.g.Theykepttryingwhentheymusthaveknownitwashopeless.Para.30“Itsanindictmentonallofus.”Allofusintheeatingdisorderprogramshouldbeblamedbecauseweformsuchbadsocialclimatethatleadtochildrensworryonthisissueatanearlyage.,Reading3,1.Whatsthedirectreasonfortheauthortodecidetoloseweight?2.Whydidtheauthorgetsoangrywhenherfatheraskedhertoeatthesteak?3.Whatmadetheauthorrealizeshehadproblem?,understanding,Reading3,Para.1-4Thecomplimentfrompeoplearoundmadetheauthordecidetolosemoreweightandthatsthestartofheranorexia.Para.5-10Theauthorsmentalstatebecomedistortedwhentheweightlosingcantsatisfyheranymoreevenshewasverythinalready.Para.11-14Theauthorreflecteduponherselfafterrealizingshewashurtingpeopleshelovedandcametoaconclusionthatshecouldntletthediseasecontrolherlife.Para.15Nowtheauthorisonthewayofrecoveryandshebeginstofeelmuchbetter.,Structure,Reading3,Straight-Astudent:(guessfrompara.12)thestudentwhogotAinallthesubjects“Verytogether”teenager:wellorganizedandconfidentteenager,LanguageExplanation,Para.2“Itallstartedinnocentlyenough”:Itstartedunconsciously.1磅=0.453599公斤=0.907198斤Standto:usedespeciallywithcan/couldtosaythatsb/sthcansurvivesthorcantoleratesthwithoutbeinghurtordamaged（尤与can或could连用）经受，承受，经得起,Para.3Coke-and-chipsmarathon:therestlesseatingofcokeandchipsPara.4“Iwasraisedwiththemessagethatthereisalwaysroomforimprovement,soIfigurediffivepoundsgetsthismuchnotice,justthinkwhat10willdo!”Inmyprocessofgrowth,Iwaseducatedthatthereisalwaysroomforimprovement.Ilostfivepoundsandgotsomuchnotice,whydontItrytolose10!“IfigurethatwasthemomentItookoffdowntheroadtoanorexia.”Ithinkthatwasstartofmygettingclosertoanorexia.,Para.7“Insteadofseeingthelogicalconclusion,whichwasthatIwastakingthistoofar,IstartedfeelingthatIwasfailingandneededtotryharder.”ThelogicalconclusionofnomorecomplimentisthatIdiditbeyondreasonablelimits,butIhadntrealizeitandthoughtthatIshouldtryhardertolosemoreweight.,Para.8Belittle:be-istheprefixwhichmeanstomakeortreatsb/sthas/tocausesthtobee.g.bewilder/beguile欺骗/belie掩盖，造成假象“Thetruthis,allhappinesshadlongagoslippedaway,andmywholebeingwasdevotedtothemomentsofsuccessthatIfeltwhenIlostanotherpound.”Thetruthis:butIdidntcontrolmyselfWhole:Allhappinesshadleftmelongago,andwhatIpursuitisonlythedelightachievedfromlosingweight.,Para.9“Itwasthere,justnotabletotalklouderthanmyillness.”Thesenseofdoingwrongdidexist,butitwassoweakinthefaceofanorexia.Para.10Putthemoff:tomakeexcusestotheminordertoavoidaduty.搪塞,Para.11“Hewouldnottakenoforananswer.”Hedidntallowmetosayno.“Thisthingsittingonmyplatehadbecomemyworstenemy.”personification“ThosewordspushedabuttoninmeandInolongercaredabouthimorhisfeelings.”MyfatherssayingselicittheangerinmeandIgoinsanewithouttheconsiderationofhisfeelings.Para.15Nowthat:since,aslongas,Reading4,HowdidSophieinasize14becomeasupermodel?WhatfeatureofSophiemakesbiggestimpressiononthemodelagency?WhatwasSophierequiredtobelikeaftershebecameamodel?,understanding,Reading4,VogueisafashionandlifestylemagazinepublishedineighteencountriesbyCondNastPublications.Eachmonth,Voguepublishesamagazineaddressingtopicsoffashion,lifeanddesign.,culture,VoguewasdescribedbybookcriticCarolineWeberinTheNewYorkTimesinDecember2006astheworldsmostinfluentialfashionmagazine:VogueistoourerawhattheideaofGodwas.Revered（崇敬）foritseditorialexcellenceanditsvisualpanache（潇洒）,themagazinehaslongfunctionedasabibleforanyoneworshipingluxury,celebrityandstyle.Andwhileweperhapstakeforgrantedtheextenttowhichthistrinitydominatesconsumerculturetoday,Voguesroleincatalyzing（催化）itsrisetopre-eminencecannotbeunderestimated.,Vogueismostfamousasapresenterofimagesofhighfashionandhighsociety,butitalsopublisheswritingsonart,culture,politics,andideas.Ithasalsohelpedtoenshrinethefashionmodelascelebrity.Vogueisregularlycriticized,alongwiththefashionindustryitwritesabout,forvaluingwealth,socialconnections,andlowbodyweightovermorenobleachievements.Vogueiswidelypublished;today,itispublishedin24countriesQ1:WhatisthecontentofVogue?Q2:Whyisitcriticized?,SummaryofPara.236(seeexerciseCheckyourcomprehensionB)Para.2SophieisaratherbiggirlonthesupermodelstandardPara.3Sheisquitenormaloutsidefashionbusinessandsheimpressespeoplemorebyhersmiles,eyesandarms.Para.6Sophiewasdiscoveredu