英语语法实训教程unit4动词语态.ppt

Unit4Voices动词的语态,I.GrammarLearningII.GrammarPractice,GrammarLearning,IntroductionofthevoicesStepstofollowinchangingthevoicesExamplesbe-passiveandget-passiveSomeusesofvoice6.Passivestructureandlinkingbestructure,1.Introductionofthevoices,Englishvoicebelongstogrammarcategory.Itisaformofverbsbetweensubjectandverb.Traditionally,thevoiceofEnglishgrammarisdividedintoactivevoiceandpassivevoice.Whenthesubjectistheexecutorofthebehavior,theformofpredicateisactivevoice.Whenthesubjectisthetakerofthebehavior,theformofpredicateispassive.Theconstructionoftheactivevoiceistheverbitselfandchangeswiththetenseandthepassivevoiceisgenerallyconstructed“Be+Passive”,butGet+Passiveisanotherformofpassivewhichdenotestheconsequenceoftheverbratherthantheprocess.,e.g.1)Themangothurtonhiswayhome.2)Howdidtheglassgetbroken?InPractice,activevoiceappearsconciseinform,directandstraightforwardinexpression,focusingonthemeaningoftheverb,whileinthepassivevoicesentence,theexecutoroftheverbisnotmentioned,whichmakesthestatementmoreobjective.Meanwhile,passivevoiceconstructioncanmakethesentencemoreadjustableinstructuresoastoaddmoreinformationbywayofextendingthenounphrasewiththeappropriaterhetoricdevice.,2Constructionofpassivevoiceandstepstofollowinchangingthevoices,Basicconstruction:“be+V-ed”Steps:先找出谓语动词(Findoutthepredicateverbfirst.)再找出谓语动词后的宾语；(Thenpickuptheobjectafterthepredicateverb.)把宾语用作被动语态中的主语(Taketheobjectofactivevoiceasthesubjectofthepassivevoice.)注意人称、时态和数的变化(Noticethechangesinpersonalpronoun,tenseandthesingularandpluralform.),3.Examples,Englishisspokeninmanycountries.Hisplanisbeingcarriedoutsuccessfully.Thenewdrapeswerebeinghungwhenthevisitorsshowedup.Thecarwillbebeingcleanedbymybrother.Ivebeenrobbed.Theoutcomeoftheelectionwasannouncedbeforeallofthevoteshadbeencounted.Everythingwillhavebeendonebytheendofthemonth.,4.be-passiveandget-passive,用get代替被动中的助动词be,可表示因客观原因而发生的事，或表示反身的动作，并暗示出说话者的感情因素。用get更强调行为的过程，表示一种“遭受”或“遭遇”，用be则是说明一种状态。Igotcaughtintherain.Thenaughtyboygotscolded.,5.someusesofvoice,1)当强调点为动作的承受者时，就用被动语态把动作的受（宾语）变为主语，使其突出出来。Frankwashitbyacar.2)说话者不知道动作的执行者，或者认为没有必要指出。Thisbridgewasbuiltin1700.3)说话者希望使所说的内容显得更加客观，避免就一些自己不太肯定的事表态，或者表示泛指。常这样用的句型有：Itisassertedthat有人主张.；Itissupposedthat据推测.；Itwillbesaidthat人们会说.；Itiswellknownthat众所周知.ItissaidthatJapansindustrialprogressafterthewarwasveryremarkable.,4)一般情况下，在被动句子中都不用by短语，因为使用被动句多因动作执行者不明确或不重要，但是“被动语态+by+名词/代词”有时也用来强调by短语，用by突出一个重要的、新信息。Thepaintingonthewallisveryvaluable.ItwasdonebyPicasso.5)有少数动词用主动语态，表示被动的含义，这类动词大多数是不及物动词，并以物为主语，如：feel,look,open,prove,sell,smell,sound,taste,write,wash,clean,burn,wear,blow,show等。Thismaterialwasheswell.Thebooksellswell.另外，blame一词既可用作及物动词，表示主动，又可用作不及物动词，表示被动。如，Dontblameme.=Iamnottoblame.,6.Passivestructureandlinkingbestructure,由于一些过去分词已经形容词化，在句中作表语，所以“be+过去分词”有时并无被动的意义，而是一种“系动词+表语”结构。这种“系表结构”也可称为“状态被动式”Thedoorwaslocked(byme).门（被我）锁上了。Nowthedoorislocked.门现在是锁着的。过去分词用作表语时，不能跟“by+名词（动作发出者）”结构。但常常可以跟其他的介词短语连用。Thecarisstuckinthemud.汽车陷在泥里了。Iamnotsatisfiedwithherwork.我对她的工作不满意。gone,finished,done,lost等词实际上已成了形容词，因此，它们没有被动的含意，用在“be+gone”等结构中作表语时，只是表示一种状态。Springisgone.春天过去了。,GrammarPractice,CaseStudySample1Sample2Sample3,Sample1,A)CERTIFICATEAugust19,2019_Mr.Wangfei(professorofphilosophy),2)_,male,aged52,3)_togivelecturesonChineseCultureatMichiganUniversity4)_.ForeignAffairsOfficeGuangzhouUniversity,Thisistocertifythat,fromouruniversity,hasbeenselected,asa,visitingscholar,Sample1,A)证明兹证明我大学王飞先生，男，52岁，哲学系教授。作为访问学者身份，被选派到密执安大学作题为中国文化的演讲。特此证明。广州大学外事办公室,Sample1,B)CertificateofGraduation1)_GuoTian,male,2)_,borninJune1988,3)_intheForeignLanguagesDepartment,XiangTangUniversityinSeptember,2019and4)_inJune,2019.XiangTanUniversityJune20th,2019,Thisistocertifythat,nativeofXiangtan,HunanProvince,wasenrolledtostudy,BusinessEnglish,graduated,Sample1,B)毕业证书兹证明郭田，男，籍贯湖南湘潭，1988年7月出生。于2019年在湖南湘潭大学外语系学习商务英语，并于2019年7月毕业。特此证明。湘潭大学2019年7月20日,Sample2,DoctorsDischargeReportThisistocertifythatthepatient,Mr.Wangli,male,aged31,1)_intoourhospitalonMay21,2019,2)_fromacuteappendicitis.Afteranimmediateoperationandtendaysoftreatment,he3)_completerecoveryand4)_onMay31,2019.It5)_thatherestforoneweekathomebefore6)_hiswork.LiMing,physician-in-chargeMay30,2019,wasadmitted,suffering,hasmade,willbedischarged,is,suggested,resuming,Sample2,出院证明兹证明病人王力,男，31，因患急性阑尾炎，于2019年5月21日住院。经立即施行手术和10天治疗后，现已痊愈，将于2019年5月31日出院。建议在家休息一个星期后再上班工作。主治医生：李明2019年5月30日,Sample3,ToWhomItMayConcern,ThisistocertifythatChenFang,female,nativeofShanghai,bornonJune10,1985,wasenrolledtostudyForeignTradeintheBusinessManagementDepartmentofPujiangUniversityfromSeptember,2019toJuly,2019.Shehascompletedalltheundergraduatecourses,hassatisfiedalltherequirements,andisgiventhisCertificateofGraduation.ZhangWenmingNo.1234567890PresidentofPujiangUniversityIssuedonJune22nd,2019,Sample3,wasenrolled：hascompleted：hassatisfied:isgiven:,一般过去时被动语态,现在完成时主动语态,现在完成时主动语态,一般现在时被动语态,Sample3,毕业证书兹证明陈芳，女，籍贯上海，1985年10月出生。自2019年9月至2019年7月间在浦江大学商业管理系学习对外贸易，并完成了所有大学课程的学习，成绩合格。准予毕业。张文明No.1234567890浦江大学校长2019年7月22日颁发,GrammarPractice,Task1Task2Task3Task4,Task1,A)GraduationCertificateThisiscertifiedthatLinTao,male,bornonOctober23,1985,havingspecializedintheFouryearundergraduateprogramofAppliedChemistryintheCollegeofChemistryandChemicalEngineeringatHunanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyfromSeptember10,2019toJune24,2009.HunanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyherebygrantshimthisCertificateofGraduationaftermeetingalltheacademicrequirements.PresidentofHunanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyTIANYINHUACertificateNo:135792468Date:June24,2009,Task1,A)1)把被动语态改成主动语态:2)把句中的主动语态改成被动语态:3)把和两句合成一句：,Thisistocertify,HeisherebyawardedthisCertificateofGraduationaftermeetingalltheacademicrequirements.,ThisistocertifythatLinTao,male,bornonOctober23,1985,havingspecializedintheFouryearundergraduateprogramofAppliedChemistryintheCollegeofChemistryandChemicalEngineeringatHunanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyfromSeptember10,2019toJune24,2009isherebyawardedthisCertificateofGraduationaftermeetingalltheacademicrequirements.,Task1,毕业证书A)兹证明林涛，男，1985年10月23日出生。自2019年9月10日至2009年6月24日，在湖南科技大学化学工程学院专修四年本科应用化学课程。成绩合格，特颁发毕业证书。湖南科技大学校长：田寅华证书号：1357924682009年6月24日,Task1,B)CertificateofEmploymentToWhomItMayConcern,ThisistocertifythatourcollegeemployedMr.DengYongasateacherofForeignLanguagesDepartmentforthepastthreeyears.Hehasfaithfullyattendedtohisdutyandhasbeenprovedhimselftobeindustriousandthoroughlycompetent.ForeignLanguagesDepartmentGuangdongInternationalEconomicCollegeJune20th,2019,Task1,B)把第一句的主动语态变成被动语态，同时注意时态的正确性:把第二句的被动语态变成主动语态:,ThisistocertifythatMr.DengYonghasbeenemployedinourCollegeasateacherofForeignLanguagesDepartmentforthepastthreeyears.,Hehasfaithfullyattendedtohisdutyandhasprovedhimselftobeindustriousandthoroughlycompetent.,Task1,B)就业证明兹证明邓勇先生受雇于广东国际经济学院，在外语系从事教学工作已有3年。工作刻苦、有责任心、表现出色。特此证明。外语系广东国际经济学院,Task2,A）HealthCertificateToWhomItMayConcern,ThisistocertifythatMr.LiYuanhongphysicallyandmentallyhealthy.Thisstatementbasesonhishealthhistoryandarecentphysicalcheck-up.Myobservationofhisconditionisheiscapableofdoingextensivehardwork.PhysicianWangZhiwen,Task2,A)ToWhomItMayConcern,ThisistocertifythatMr.LiYuanhongisphysicallyandmentallyhealthy.Thisstatementisbasedonhishealthhistoryandarecentphysicalcheck-up.Myobservationofhisconditionisthatheiscapableofdoingextensivehardwork.PhysicianWangZhiwen,Task2,A）健康证明根据李元洪先生最近的体检报告和过往的健康史，证实李元洪先生身体健康。胜任各种的艰苦工作岗位。特此证明。医生王志文,Task2,B）MarriageLinesSerialNo.118324Dec.11,2019ZhangHui,male,aged28andZhengZhilan,female,aged24areherebymarriedoftheirownfreewill.Upondueexamination,theyarefoundinconformitywiththearticlesonmarriageoftheMarriageLawofthePRC.Wegivethismarriagecertificate.Dec.11,2019,Task2,B)MarriageLinesSerialNo.118324Dec.11,2019ZhangHuiandZhengZhilanareherebymarriedoftheirownfreewill.Upondueexamination,itisfoundinconformitywiththearticlesonmarriageoftheMarriageLawofthePRC.Theyaregiventhismarriagelines.areherebymarried是“系动词+表语”结构”，其中married是过去分词，作形容词用，表示一种状态，而不表示动作，在句子中作表语。,Task2,B）结婚证序号：1183242019年12月11日张辉，男，28岁，与郑芝岚，女，24岁双方自愿基础上提出结婚申请。经审查，符合中华人民共和国婚姻法结婚条例，特发此证。,Task3,DoctorsCertificateJune21,2