新人教版英语选修8 unit1 Reading 课件.ppt

Unit1Reading,CALIFORNIA,汉语是我们的母语，我们从学英语开始，就是用汉语来解释和记忆英语的。变“用汉语解释和记忆英语”为“用英语解释和记忆英语”。避免了将英语转换为另一种语言汉语所带来的不便和时间耗费。不但提高了效率，而且久而久之，有可能在头脑中建立起两种思维系统，即在在汉语思维之外，还可以逐步建立起独立的英语思维系统。,用英语解释和记忆英语，本身就是在学习和运用英语，对提高英语语感和英语的阅读理解能力和综合运用能力很有好处。是一举多得的好方法。真正做到了用英语品味英语，越品越有味；用英语理解英语，理解更准确。鉴于本环节初次尝试此种设置，可能有些学生对英语解释不能完全理解，为降低难度，英文解释后面可进一步演示中文解释，学生可再通过中文解释回顾早读课中已预习过的单词，进一步加深记忆。,Readtheexplanationandspeakouttheworditexplains.,means,n.手段；方法,ministry,majority,n.(政府的)部；(全体)牧师,n.大多数；大半,amethodorwayofdoingsomething,thelargernumberorpartofsomething,workasaminister,adepartmentofthegovernmentledbyaminister;,aircraft,n.飞行器；航天器；飞机,anyvehicle,withorwithoutanengine,whichcanfly,suchasaplaneorhelicopter,distinct,adj.清晰的；明显的,boom,n.（人口、贸易的）繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期,clearlynoticeable;thatcertainlyexists,adifferencebetweentwosimilarthings,n.差别；区分；卓著,distinction,aperiodofsuddeneconomicgrowth,especiallyonethatresultsinalotofmoneybeingmade,racial,adj.人种的；种族的,happeningbetweenpeopleofdifferentraces,anarrowareaofseawhichconnectstwolargerareasofsea,difficultorunpleasantconditionsoflife,oranexampleofthis,strait,n.海峡,hardship,n.苦难；困苦,elect,vt.选择；决定做某事,todecideonorchoose,especiallytochooseapersonforaparticularjob,byvoting,rail,n.铁路；扶手；横条,thesystemoftransportwhichusestrains,oroneofthetwometalbarsfixedtothegroundonwhichtrainstravel,immigration,n.移入(外国定居),percentage,n.百分比；百分率,federal,adj.联邦制的；联邦政府的,whensomeonecomestoliveinadifferentcountry,anamountofsomething,oftenexpressedasanumberoutof100,relatingtothecentralgovernment,andnottothegovernmentofaregion,ofsomecountriessuchastheUnitedStates,liveonbymeansofmakealifekeepup,坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）用方法；借助继续存在；继续生存习惯于新的生活方式、工作等,Match,Skimmingtogetgeneralideas,ReadingTips,在阅读每个段落时，要注意综合运用略读（skimming)与扫读(scanning)这两种方法。,略读(skimming)只看文章标题、下标题以及每个部分或者段落第一行，关注文章中反复出现的关键词。略读时，要用充足的时间读懂段落的第一句和第二句，因为第一句往往是该段的主题句（topicsentence），而第二句往往是对前句的延伸（extension）或进一步的解释（explanation）。,通过略读把握文章大意,运用扫读(scanning)迅速浏览从第三句开始的后面部分,搜寻作者对开头两句的支持句(supportingsentences),并同时注意文章中间是否有转折(transition),因为这些词常常会把文章的思路逆转或加入其它重要的信息。当读到段落的最后一句时,我们又要使用略读,这时必须再次放慢速度(slowdownyourpace)直到完全消化作者对段落的小结(conclusion),因为该小结有可能与主题句截然相反或引导读者进入下一个段落。,通过扫读寻找特定信息或特定词组,Skimming,ReadingComprehensionI,Thepassagefocusesonthe_.A.populationofCaliforniaB.customsandlanguagesofCaliforniaC.peopleofCaliforniaD.historyofCalifornia2.Nospecificgroupismentionedin_.A.NATIVEAMERICANSB.GOLDMINERSC.THEFUTURED.LATERARRIVALS,Carefulreadingtosolvedifficultpoints,1.distinctadj.清晰的；明显的；明确的Hehasadistinctgiftfordrawing.他有很明显的绘画天赋。Youshouldmakeyourwritingdistinct.你应把字写清楚。distinctionn.差别；区分；卓著Weshouldmakeadistinctionbetweenrightandwrong.我们应该分清是非。,相关短语：bedistinctin.from.在某方面与不同（as）distinctfrom与不同（的）makeadistinctionbetween对加以区分withoutdistinction无差别地；一视同仁地,2.bymeansof,means是单复数同形的名词，作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式遵循意义一致原則。常见的这类名词还有Chinese(中国人)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿)，works(工厂)，crossroads(十字路口)，series(系列)。,bymeansof=byusing用办法；借助bynomeans=notabit;notintheleast决不；并没有bythismeans用这种方式byallmeans=anyway无论如何；务必,byallmeans,surely务必ofcourse当然可以,3.Majorityn.thelargestpartofagroupofpeopleorthings大多数;大半,相关短语：themajorityof多数；大多数beinthemajority占多数;属多数thegreat/vastmajority绝大多数;几乎全部minorityn少数;少数派,Themajorityofchildreninourclasshavebrowneyes;onlythreehaveblueeyes.我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三个是蓝眼睛。Thosewhofavortheproposalareinthemajority.赞成该提案者占多数。Thegreatmajorityapprovedthepolicy.大多数的人赞同该提案。,majority,family,class,group,team,government,public,enemy,army，audience,committee等集体名词作主语时,若将其视作一个整体,则谓语动词用单数；若强调各个成员,则谓语动词用复数。,Themajority_forthebudget.Themajorityofstudents_hard-working.Themajorityofthedamage_easytorepair.,was/were,are,is,themajorityof+n.后可用不可数名词,也可用可数名词复数,谓语动词由后面的名词决定。,4.makealife开始新生活；习惯于新的生活方式,Manyfarmersgotothebigcitiestomakealife.Itsnoteasytomakealifeinanewcity.在一座新城市生活去适应它并非易事。,5.keepup坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）Keepup!Thenyouwillsucceed.坚持！你一定能成功。Willthefineweatherkeepup?好天气会继续保持下去吗？Itisnoteasyforustokeepupourowncustom.保持我们自己的传统并非易事。,keepup“维持、保持、继续”keepupcustoms(风俗习惯)keepupspirits(情绪)keepupyourstudiesTheweatherwillkeepup.keepupwith“跟上、不输于、不落后于”Illtrymybesttokeepupwithmyclassmates.,keepup与keepupwith辨析,相关短语：keepupwith跟上keepuptodate赶时髦keepback隐瞒；保留；阻止keepaneyeon留意；照看keepintouch保持联系keepinmind记住keep.away阻止去或接近keepoff避开；不接近,6.racialadj.人种的;种族的;种族间的racialdiscrimination种族歧视Weshouldnothaveracialdiscrimination.我们不该有种族歧视。Anewlawhasbeenbroughtintodiscourageracialprejudice.一项反对种族偏见的新法律已被提出。,课文难句精析,However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，很可能至少在15,000年前美洲土著人就生活在加利福尼亚了。句中的句型“Itislikelythat”意为“可能”,其中that引导主语从句，it是形式主语，主句是系表结构。例如：Itisverylikelythathewillnotagree.Ithinkitislikelythattheywillarrivetomorrowmorning.,注意：likely可以以人为主语，后接动词不定式。例如：Heislikelytowin.而possible作表语时，句子主语不能是指人的名词或代词，而一般是指物的名词或代词，或者是代词“it”作形式主语。例如：Frostispossibleatthistimeofyear.Itisnotpossibleformetoleaveatonce.,2.Inmorerecentdecades,CaliforniahasbecomehometomorepeoplefromAsia,includingKoreans,Cambodians,VietnameseandLaotians.最近几十年，加利福尼亚成了更多亚洲人的家，其中包括韩国人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老挝人。句中时间状语“inmorerecentdecades”通常与现在完成时连用。including为介词，其后接宾语构成includingsth./sb.，相当于sth./sb.included。,例如：TherearetenstudentsinClassroom321,includingfourboys/fourboysincluded.,和现在完成时连用的时间状语要根据具体情况而定。常用的时间状语大致分为以下三种情况：1.当表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，且这个动作或状态可能刚停止，也可能仍然在进行时，常用“for+时间段”或“since+从句/短语/名词”等表示一段时间的状语。,例如：WehaventseenWilliamforaboutsixyears.Ihaveworkedinthiscompanysince2000.(可能还要继续工作)2.表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在造成了某种影响或结果时，常与just,already或yet等副词连用。例如：Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Yes,Ihave.Ivejustfinishedit.,3.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，可以看作是曾经的经历，常与twice,ever,never或threetimes等时间状语连用。例如：IhavebeentoCanadathreetimes.,Scanningtogetdetailinformation,TrueorFalse,1.CaliforniaisthelargeststateintheUSAwiththelargestpopulation.2.ThenativeAmericanswerewelltreatedafterthearrivalofEuropeans.3.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen.4.Intheearly1800s,RussianhuntersbegansettlinginCalifornia.,scanning,ReadingComprehensionII,5.DuringGoldRushPeriod,manyachievedtheirdreamofbeingrich.6.Inthelate19thcentury,ChineseimmigrantsarrivedinCalifornia.7.Itisbelievedthatsoontherewillbeonlyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.8.LargernumbersofChineseimmigrantscametoCaliforniabecauseofthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoast.,Californiaisthe_largeststatewiththelargest_intheUSA.Itsalsothemost_statebecauseofitshistory.,third,population,multicultural,DetailedReading,Introduction,NativeAmericans,1.LivinginCalifornia_2.Theycamefrom_to_bymeansofa_.3.inthe16thcentury:,killedbyEuropeansforcedintoslaverydiedfromthediseasesurvivedtheterribletimes,15000yearsago,Asia,America,land,bridge,AnativeAmericanIndianwasstandingbesideacamp.Itseemedthatheorshefeltveryhappy.Maybeheorshehadagoodharvest.,NativeAmericans,TheSpanish,Fillintheform:(notedownanimportantevents)16thcentury18thcenturyin1821in1846,Spanishsoldiersarrivedandtooktheland.,CaliforniawasruledbySpain.,CaliforniabecamepartofMexico.,MexicogaveCaliforniatotheUSA.,Russianstheymustbefresh.4.Astrongmanwillbear_(苦难)withoutcomplaining.5.Thefigureisexpressedasa_(百分比).,lected,oom,istinct,hardship,percentage,6.Theoldladyheldtightlyontother_assheclimbedthestairs.7.Ineedtopractisemy_(Italy)beforemybusinesstrip.8.Shedrewaquiteartificiald_betweenwomenandmenreaders.9.Wearestronglyopposedto_(种族的)discrimination.10.The_(大多数)ofpeopleseemtopreferTVtoradio.,ail,Italian,istinction,racial,majority,II.Completethefollowingsentenceswithoutchangingtheirmeanings.1.Mozartisdeadbuthismusiccontinuestoexist.Mozartisdeadbuthismusic_.2.Istheplanelikelytobelate?_theplanewillbelate?,liveson,Isitlikelythat,3.Thoughtsareexpressedthroughwords.T