机械毕业设计（论文）-牵引绞车设计.doc

编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目： 牵引绞车设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业 学 号： 0923065学生姓名： 指导教师：（职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日全套图纸，加153893706目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 牵引绞车设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号： 学生姓名： 指导教师： （职称：副教授） （职称： ）课题来源生产生活实际科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）（1）课题科学意义由于调度绞车体积小重量轻，搬运方便，牵引力大，使用灵活，性能可靠性高，在煤矿得到了广泛使用。同时随着大中型矿井的增多，煤炭产量的提高和大型综采设备的使用，要求矿用小绞车在工作能力、工作效率、节能、使用寿命方面得到应有的改进，尽快克服目前调度绞车牵引力小，并要求具有“一机多用”的功能，以简化矿用小绞车设备的生产、管理及维护，减少投资费用。调度绞车多年来国内一直具有较高的需求量, 平均每年需求各种不同规格的绞车数万台, 因此, 改进质量降低成本、研制一种具有结构紧凑、刚性好、传动效率高、安装移动方便、启动平稳、操作灵活、制动可靠、故障率低、噪音低的调度绞车具有重要意义。（2）调度绞车的研究状况及其发展前景1. 品种：国外矿用小绞车规格比较多，适用不同场合，我国矿用小绞车的规格少，品种型号多而乱，也较繁杂，没有统一标准1。2 .型式：从工作机构上分，国外有单筒、双筒及摩擦式三种，我国只有单筒一种型式。从原动力上分，国外有电动的、风动的及液压驱动，我国只有电动的和少量风动的1。3. 结构：我国及国外的调度绞车大多数采用行星齿轮传动，其传动系统、结构简单、使用维修方便。但行星齿轮传动只有在载荷分配均匀情况下才能充分发挥传动比大、结构紧凑、效率高、承载能力大、传动平稳等优点。在行星齿轮传动设计中均载机构是必不可少的。均载机构能补偿不可避免的制造误差,使各行星齿轮均匀分担载荷,功率均匀分流,降低载荷不均匀系数,从而提高承载能力。降低噪声,提高平稳性和可靠性,降低齿轮的制造精度。苏联的产品体积比我国同等规格的产品要小。例如苏联规定，国家标准规定的调度绞车的轴向尺寸不大于lm，而我国现有的牵引力1000N以上的产品轴向尺寸均远远大于1m以上1。4 .产品性能：主要寿命、噪音、可靠性等综合指标与苏联有差距。苏联矿用小绞车使用寿命规定在5年以上，我国目前不具备测试手段寿命无法考核，但从对用户的访问中得知，寿命达不到5年，噪音也稍大1。5. 三化水平：虽然我国矿用小绞车参数系列水平优于国外，但在标准化和通用化方面远不如发达采煤机械制造国。苏联把调度绞车运输绞车等统一为一个标准中，主机相同。只是制造和操作部分有所区别，而我国既使是同一规格产品，不同厂家生产的其结构各不相同，零件无通用之处，给使用和选型造成不便1。 研究内容此设计进行了调度绞车的方案设计，并进行了比较分析，对其结构和主要部件经行了设计及强度校核。并对绞车的控制电路进行了设计。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析 1、零件的分析，其中包括零件的功用分析和零件的工艺分析。 2、零件工艺规程设计，其中包括确定毛坯的制造形式、定位基准的选择、拟定零件加工的工艺路线、机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定、确定切削用量及基本工时。3、实验完全以数据为依据进行的实验分析，行之有效，对于整套设计有完整的设计思路，具体的设计计算完全可以通过查表或者公式书籍可以获得，完全有可行性。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月12日-2012年12月25日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书。2013年1月11日-2013年3月5日：填写毕业实习报告。2013年3月8日-2013年3月14日：按照要求修改毕业设计开题报告。2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日：学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日：零件工艺，主要部件的参数计算及装配图草图。2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：装配图，零件图绘制。2013年4月26日-2013年5月21日：毕业论文撰写和修改工作。预期成果：1通过该设计熟悉零件加工工艺设计的一般思路。2掌握一般零件加工工艺设计的方法和技巧。3通过设计巩固机械制图、金属材料、机械设计基础、机械制造工艺等课程的知识。4完成绞车零件工艺设计、主要部件的参数计算及标准件的选用。5完成卷筒零件图1张。6完成绞车零件图5张。7完成绞车总装图2张。8撰写毕业说明书一份。特色或创新之处 使用AUTOCAD，绘图方便快捷，方便改变参量，能够直接观察成形的箱体。 可以采用三维造型软件或加工仿真软件将其进行三维造型并进行相应的加工仿真。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题 实验方案思路已经非常明确，已经具备机械制图、机械原理、机械设计、金属材料等方面的知识。 将所学理论知识相结合和融会贯通的能力尚需加强，和对实际问题的分析能力有待提高。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日Abstract First、 Scheduling and the structural characteristics of winch scheduling winch is used to dispatch vehicles to assist traction and operating a winch. Commonly used in the mine tunnel in the haulage and supporting mine car handling、 can also be used in the mining face、 with scheduling space station、 heavy cars. Scheduling winch is full-gear transmission machinery. Gear also known as the round of the transmission system. According round of the transmission gear when the axis of space in the relative position is fixed、 can be divided into fixed and working capital of the axis round of the round. Another round of the axis of cylindrical mesh gear transmission and the cylindrical mesh gear transmission of points、 and turnover of another round of transmission and differential planetary transmission of the points. Scheduling the winch within the existing transmission gear meshing cylindrical Gear、 another planetary transmission、 scheduling winch planetary transmission gear、 also known as the winch. Scheduling winch models commonly used mainly JD-0.4 (JD-4.5)、 JD-1 (JD) -11.4)、 JD-1. (JD-22)、 JD-2 (JD-25)、 JD-3 (JD - 40). Below the JD-3 (that is、 JD-40) as an example of scheduling winch on the composition and scheduling transmission principle. (A) JD-3-scheduling of the winch JD-3-scheduling the main component of the winch drum for、 brakes and motor frame. From the winch drum made of cast steel、 its main function is winding rope traction load. Drum、 and the slowdown in gear with the gear. Winch on the two groups with a total installed-gate that is Brake 2、the gateway 3. Motor side of the gate 2 to brake drum brakes、 the gear in the work of three gates used to control Z7 group functioning. Use made of cast iron frame、 the motor bearings and gates with stent-positioning are fixed with bolts in the plane seat. For Flameproof for the thee-phase motor .(B) JD-3-Dispatch winch the drive principle this type of winch used two Internal Drives and a planetary gear transmission. Z1/Z2 and Z3/Z4 for two Internal Drive、 Z5、 Z6、 Z7 composition of planetary transmission mechanism. Motor head in the installation of a 5-axis extended sets of gear Z1、 through the gears Z2、 with gear Z3 and Z4、 the movement spread to gear Z5、 the Z5 is the planetary gear wheel of a central round (or round of the Sun) And then led the two planetary gear Z6、 and the gear Z7. Planetary gear freely installed in the two driven and connected to a fixed axis、 the largest in the gear Z7 Gear work with the external gateway、 used to control winch drum operation. If the big gear Z7 gate on the work of three gates to live、 and will be on the brake drum gates 2 release、 this time by two motor rotation within the rodents to gear wheel drive Z5、 Z6 and Z7. However、 due to Z7 gate has been living and can not rotate、 so gear Z6 only on the one hand around its own axis of rotation、 but also around the axis of gear Z5 (drum center) to the public. Thus connected with the rotation of the lead、 then Z6 the operation mode very similar to the planets in the solar system (such as Earth) movement、 also known as the planetary gear Z6、 its transmission mode known as the planetary transmission. Conversely、 if the gear Z7 in the work release gate 3、 and will brake drum on the live gate 2、 the Z6 directly connected with the drum、 only for the rotation、 not revolution、 the Z1 from the transmission system changed to Z7 For the fixed axis of the round、 gear Z7 to go short. Inverted for the release (or live gate) gate work Brake 2 or 3、 you can make scheduling winch in the case of non-stop motor to achieve operating and parking. When the need to reverse upgrade、 must be re-activated the launch button、 reverse the motor running. It should be noted that、 when the motor is turned on、 the gate and not allowed to work Brake live gate at the same time、 it will burn motor or other accidents. Second、 scheduling winch day-to-day maintenance check the contents of (1) check each part of bolts、 pin、 nuts、 washers、 etc.、 if loose、 loss should be tightened and timely complement. (2) to check installations and electrical signal Operation button is intact and whether stolen explosive phenomenon、 whether the signal sent clear and bright、 it should be repaired or replaced. (3) to check whether damaged or broken drum、 the first wire rope is firmly fixed、 bearing oil spill there、 the rope is neatly arranged、 the problems should be promptly dealt with. (4) inspection gate with a crack-free、 wear-gauge whether or not (should have a thickness of not less than 3 mm)、 the tension bar bolts、 fork first、 the gate、 such as whether there is a pin deformation or injury、 whether the loose nuts back tight、 Problems should be adjusted and dealt with. (5) Check the gate and lever action is a flexible system、 Shi gate、 the ate may not reach the level position、 it should be slightly Sangria than the horizontal position. (6) to check the roof fixed winch-and-beam is solid、 based on whether there is a bolt or bolts loose、 whether crack base、 the issue should be dealt with promptly. (7) To check whether the normal start motor idling、 whether good grounding to start with、 and so whether the explosion-proof electrical equipment and good demand. (8) Check bearings and motors、 switches、 cables、 such as whether the gate with the temperature too high、 the problem should be found to identify the reasons for、 to take measures to deal with. (9) Often wipe winch to remove dust and debris、 and maintain the environment clean and tidy. Winch the safe operation、 inspection and maintenance Third、 winch common faults and deal with (A) a winch drum abnormal sound and the main approach 1. Winch drum produce abnormal sound the main reason (1) drum cartridge case bolts loose. (2) Shell and tube-round (flange) gap between too large. (3) Drum cylinder shell cracks. (4) Welding a cylinder shell welding. (5) Walks drum and hub of the fixed screw loose、 causing swimming drum and hub between the relative sliding. (6) Gap between the hub and spindle wear too large. (7) A clutch worm screw loose. 2. Approach According to the inspection to determine treatment. If the loosening of the nut、 in Jiao Ban shutdown when fastening If noise is not serious、 may be appropriate to reduce winch load、 pay attention to observe、 to maintain the provisions of the maintenance shutdown at the repair if the beep serious、 they should immediately Parking repaired or replaced、 so as to avoid accidents expand. (B) On the rope winch drum with Bu Shangri hazards、 causes and treatment methods、 1. Winch drum on the rope with the harm Bu Shangri (1) speed up the rope wear. Rope in the mess on the winding drum、 traction force to justice often ranked in the mess in the rope and pressure to get out、 causing serious wear、 resulting in diameter steel wire rope and wire break more ground and shorten the life of the rope. (2) Of wire rope slid off the drum. Rope with Bu Shangri、 an inevitable phenomenon of a crowded heap for damage to justice board、 when the reactor crowded the edge of more than high rollers、 the rope easily slid off the drum、 light、 broken wires、 heavy sports car、 and broken rope. 2. Winch drum on the main rope with Bu Shangri (1) winch layout properly that is hoisting cable angle non-compliance requirements. (2) Winch Titanium (Preliminary round) Quemoy not with the rope on the winding drum at about sliding. (3) Ranked rope winch device failure or have been removed. (4) Improper operation the wound is not tight. 3. Approach According to different situations symptomatic treatment. The installation of quality and exclusive rope devices such as the failure to timely report on the request sent treatment、 operation or maintenance of an improper、 we should conscientiously in accordance with the provisions of meticulous operation and maintenance; Inclined Drift winch paying particular attention to removing obstacles on their way to prevent the re-delegate Of Mandrel、 tight-rope Mandrel. (C) Winch reducer operation abnormal sound and vibration generated in the causes and treatment 1. Reducer functioning of abnormal sound and vibration generated in the main (1) gears meshing space tight or too loose. (2) Bearing gap is too large、 the general performance of the decentralization empty at the beep、 beep when upgrading heavy small. (3) Or bearing reducer bolts loose. (4) Reducer in the swap was foreign bodies. 2. Approach (1) adjusting the gears meshing gap to a suitable position、 if the wear and gear should be replaced. (2) Relaxation of the repair or replacement of bearings. (3) Pay attention to tighten loose screws. (4) If it has fallen into foreign body reducer、 should be immediately suspended、 and troubleshooting. (D) Winch brake gate of the reasons for and treatment of fever 1. Brake winch for fever (1) a gate too early、 too excessive. (2) Weights are often delegated to use Brake、 no electrical power winch braking system EC、 single-drum winch often such a situation. (3) Brake shoe loose bolts or excessive brake wear、 the bolt hit the first round of gate (or gateway disc). (4) Brake shoe and the gateway round (or gateway disk) was not installed correctly; the contact area is too small. (5) Gate Ferry (or gateway disc) swing more. 2. Prevention and treatment Constantly sum up experience in operations、 and explore methods of operation and improve the level of technique; strict winch the safe operation、 inspection and maintenance of traction control grid load、 no-load、 do not send delegate at the motor-vehicle gate flying; regular maintenance checks、 pay attention to brake shoe and the gateway Round (or gate-) exposure. (5) Disc Brake-meters does not deal with the causes and prevention methods 1. Brake-song disc is not the main meters (1) brake operation handle screw drawbars length adjustment inappropriate. (2) Brake operation handle swing point of view inappropriate. (3) Relief valve plug the hole cut expenditure or slide valve failure death card. (4) Relief valve surge devices or electro-hydraulic oil spills. (5) electro-hydraulic device moves lap surge Inch Xian welding is not strong or disconnected. 2. Prevention approaches the timely adjustment of brake operation handle moves location、 regular cleansing of the hydraulic system of oil filters、 hydraulic oil to maintain the cleanliness and avoid valve plug the hole. (6) The launch button、 do not turn the winch motor and Treatment 1. Main (1) A power failure、 such as power failures、 break phase、 motor or grounding line、 grounding the protection of power supply voltage or too low. (2) Stop button did not recover bit. (3) Have launched internal fault. (4) Cable operator disconnected. (5) Motor burned. 2. Approach To check power、 such as the local power supply cables on the other electrical and mechanical equipment are a fixed、 it would surely is the power blackout、 should be promptly reported that the request transmission. Check the button、 we must switch handle hit by power outage location、 check the button may be open、 not to repair its damaged in the explosion-proof performance. Several other conditions must be full-time electrician to check processing. (7) The stop button、 the motor does not stop the causes and treatment 1. Main(1) Operating button failures or too wet. (2) Operation of short circuit or grounding. (3) Magnetic starter for the main contact point or burning auxiliary contact adhesive and can not leave. (4) arc-suppression hood stuck contact、 could not leave. (5) Contact between the open relays. (6) Magnetic starter placed unrighteousness、 touch or backward dumping beyond 15 .2. Approach Should urgently Fishing magnetic starter、 to winch their magnetic starter handle the operation to stop fighting position. Pre-gate method should be used first to raise load stopped to prevent Lash starter when the magnetic switch in isolation have too great a power outage sparks. (8) Single-phase operation of the motor causes and treatment 1Winch motor single-phase operation of the characteristics and hazards (1) Whether positive start、 or reverse start、 the electrical occurred dull hum、 but the motor will not always turn. (2) If a motor running in single-phase operation、 while still maintaining the original motor to spin、 but obviously slow down the speed、 a humming sound、 the electrical start fever、 if the winch with Ammeter、 some point to zero、 Some larger current value. Whether or activated in motor running single-phase operation、 if not timely detection and shutdown、 it may be burning motor for the accident. 2. Single-phase operation of a motor for (1) Lack of power (of a fault). This is because of a broken fuse or a disconnection of contacts and a phase-connection is bad、 and so causes. (2) Motor stator windings of a break. Stator windings at this time because of the different connection mode、 the impact of differentiated、 that is、 stars (丫) of wiring than 1.30 () of wiring serious. 3. Approach Rapid shut down to identify reasons for the timely reporting or maintenance electrician for processing.JT调度绞车调度绞车及其结构特点调度绞车是常用来调度车辆及进行辅助牵引作业的一种绞车。常用于矿井巷道中拖运矿车及辅助搬运，也可用在采掘工作面、装车站调度空、重载矿车。 调度绞车是一种全齿传动机械。齿轮传动系统又称轮系。根据轮系传动时各齿轮轴线在空间的相对位置是否固定，可分为定轴轮系和周转轮系。定轴轮系又有外啮合圆柱齿轮传动和内啮合圆柱齿轮传动之分，而周转轮系又有差动传动和行星传动之分。调度绞车的传动齿轮既有内啮合圆柱齿轮传动，又有行星传动，所以调度绞车又称内齿轮行星传动绞车。 调度绞车常用型号主要有JD0.4(JD4.5)、JD1（JD）11.4）、JD1.（JD22）、JD2（JD25）、JD3（JD40）等。 下面以JD3（即JD40）型调度绞车为例介绍调度绞车的组成及传动原理。 （一）JD3型调度绞车的组成 JD3型调度绞车的主要组成部分为滚筒、制动装置机座和电动机。绞车滚筒由铸钢制成，其主要功能是缠绕钢丝绳牵引负荷。滚筒内和大内齿轮下装有减速齿轮。 绞车上共装有两组带式闸，即制动闸2，工作闸3。电动机一侧的制动闸2用来制动滚筒，大内齿轮上的工作闸3用于控制Z7组运转。 机座用铸铁制成，电动机轴承支架及闸带定位板等均用螺栓固定在机座上。电动机为专用隔爆三相笼型电动机。 （二）JD3型调度绞车的传动原理 该型绞车采用两级内啮合传动和一级行星轮传动。Z1/Z2和Z3/Z4为两级内啮合传动，Z5、Z6、Z7组成行星传动机构。 在电动机5轴头上安装着加长套的齿轮Z1，通过内齿轮Z2、齿轮Z3和内齿轮Z4，把运动传到齿轮Z5上，齿轮Z5是行星轮系的中央轮（或称太阳轮），再带动两个行星齿轮Z6和大内齿轮Z7。行星齿轮自由地装在2根与带动固定连接的轴上，大内齿轮Z7齿圈外部装有工作闸，用于控制绞车滚筒运转。 若将大内齿轮Z7上的工作闸3闸住，而将滚筒上的制动闸2松开，此时电动机转动由两级内啮轮传动到齿轮Z5、Z6和Z7。但由于Z7已被闸住，不能转动，所以齿轮Z6只能一方面绕自己的轴线自转，同时还要绕齿轮Z5的轴线（滚筒中心线）公转。从而带动与其相连的带动转动，此时Z6的运行方式很类似太阳系中的行星（如地球）的运动方式，齿轮Z6又称行星齿轮，其传动方式称为行星传动。 反之，若将大内齿轮Z7上的工作闸3松开，而将滚筒上的制动闸2闸住，因Z6与滚筒直接相连，只作自转，没有公转，从Z1到Z7的传动系统变为定轴轮系，齿轮Z7做空转。倒替松开（或闸住）工作闸3或制动闸2，即可使调度绞车在不停电动机的情况下实现运行和停车。当需要作反向提升时，必须重新按动启动按钮，使电机反向运转。 需要注意的是，当电动机启动后