泛读教程Book I 第二版 Unit 4 A food tour of the United States.doc

第二版Unit 4 A Food Tour of the United States One of the most intriguingfeaturesof American cooking is its variety. The traveler who crosses the U.S. by bus or by car will find the food as worthy of attention as the scenery - and full of unexpected surprises, too. For American cooking at its best is regional in character. Except for turkey at Thanksgiving,no single dish has gained wide enough popularity in the U. S. to become a symbol for the country as a whole. Each region sets its table with a different specialty. These regional specialtiescapturethe flavor and aroma and express the character of a particular locality（同一句中的横线表示连起来看）. For instance, Cape Cod, a summer resort on the Atlantic Ocean, is famous for its clambakes, a seafood feast pulled ocean-fresh from the Atlantic and cooked over an outdoor fire on the beach. New Orleans is known for its jambalaya, a spicy dish of rice, ham, shrimp, and tomatoes. And Boston, where the winters are long and cold, is called bean town because of its baked beans, a mixture of dried beans, salt pork, brown sugar, and molasses. Mixed in an iron pot and baked for hours in a slow oven, this dish is hearty andnutritious. Americans say, It sticks to your ribs. Being regional, these dishes feature the vegetables, fruits, meats, poultry, and seafood that are locally available. And since local conditions - the soil, climate, and topography - vary a great deal in the U.S., as might be expected in the worlds fourth largest country, the result is a national food menu on which most of the worlds favorite foods are listed. Seafood of all kinds is abundant in the states that border the oceans orpossesslake and river systems. Shrimp, crab, and lobster, as well as fresh fish are all mealtime favorites. Citrus fruit - oranges, grapefruit, lemons and limes - are produced in Florida and California. The fruit groves in these states supply most of the frozen juice and sun-ripened fruit that grace the breakfast tables of the nation. Across the landlocked states in the Midwest stretch endless corn and wheat fields, rippling in the wind as far as the eye can see. These grains are used to make bread, cereal, and cooking oil. The region is called the breadbasket of the nation. For vegetables, California is Americas most bountiful state. It is first in the production of broccoli, asparagus, tomatoes, carrots, grapes, lettuce, peaches, and pears, and a variety of other foods. Where is meat produced? In Texas, of course. Thats where you can see all those tender roasts, steaks and chops. True enough, all these foods are available at your local supermarket. But they have been canned, frozen, or packaged in some way and shipped many miles by rails or by truck. Wouldnt it be a treat to journey to the source, the point of origin, where the raw materials for great cooking begin? Pulled from the ocean or gathered farm fresh, this produce would be transformed by a local chef into a memorable dish fit for a king.After such a trip, what a gallery of memories the traveler would cherish! I recall, for example, a marvelous breakfast I enjoyed at a hotel in Charleston, South Carolina. The food was served buffet style from a long table. The first dish on the table was a bowl of grits, a Southern specialty made of cornmeal. The waiter served the grits in big spoonfuls, heaping several pats of butter on top. Then came a large pan of salted beef in cream sauce. It was surrounded by dishes of spiced apples, bacon, and park sausages. Eggs, sunny-side up, were next on the line. Beyond the eggs was a Virginia ham. Further down the table were stacks of toast and plates of pancakes topped with maple syrup or honey and melted butter. The traveler who would like to sample the real flavor of American cooking mustexplorethe country as a whole. There are fivedistinctregions in all. Each has its own characteristic dishes. There is the Northeast, stretching from Maine to Maryland, which is famous for its seafood; the south, which includes Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and neighboring states, where Southern fried chicken, collard(羽衣甘蓝，羽衣甘蓝叶（作蔬菜用）) greens, corn-bread, and black-eyed peas are popular; the Midwest or plains states of North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Illinois, and Kansas which specialize in fine breads and pastries; the Mountain Sates of Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho, where wild game such as deer and pheasant are found; and the Southwest states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, where barbecued food is a regional specialty. Doesnt each of these regionsdeservea visit by the traveler who enjoys good food?Language Notesat ones best: 处在最佳状态,处于全盛时期；在最出色的状态下; (演员)达到个人最高水平; (花等)在盛开期at the best of times: adv. 在最有利的情况下 at ones eloquent best: 将口才发挥得淋漓尽致 At her best, shes a really stylish player.He was never at his best early in the morning.hearty: adj. Aheartymeal is large and very satisfying 满意的；丰富的a hearty chowder. 营养丰富的杂烩stick to your ribs: （食物）撑人而且有营养的； 美俚(丰美的食物) 撑人肚皮；填满肚子feature:v. When something such as a film or exhibition features a particular person or thing, they are an important part of it. 以为主要内容/特色buffet: n. 自助餐 火车饮食柜台 车站快餐部grits:n. (plural - pl.). Grits are coarsely ground grains of corn which are cooked and eaten for breakfast or as part of a meal in the southern United States 粗玉米粉，玉米渣（美国南部常食用）grace:v. If you say that something graces a place or a person, you mean that it makes them more attractive. 为增色；使更加优美treat:n. If you say, for example, that something looks or works a treat, you mean that it looks very good or works very well. 乐事, 乐趣；使人愉快的事；快乐的事情A day in the country is a real treat for a city person.对一个生活在城市中的人来说，在乡下呆上一天真是一件乐事spiced: spice+edspice: n.调味品；香料；情趣; v.用香料调味；给增添趣味bacon: n. 培根 熏猪肉 咸猪肉 腊肉sunny-side up: 煎一面荷包蛋；sunny-side up eggs荷包蛋toast: n. Toast is bread which has been cut into slices and made brown and crisp by cooking at a high temperature. 烤面包 vi. When you toast something such as bread, you cook it at a high temperature so that it becomes brown and crisp. 烘烤（面包片等）syrup: n. 糖浆，糖汁 糖浆类药品 甜蜜的情感 果汁，甜汁pastry: pl. pastriesn. 糕点( pastry的名词复数) 面粉制的糕点；面点； 油酥糕点； 油酥面团； 油酥面皮 pheasant:n. 雉；野鸡1. tour到进行旅游、巡视a bridal tour新婚旅行a foreign tour国外旅行a tour of inspection视察旅行circular tour周游, 环行collective tour团体旅行inspection tour巡回检查package tour由旅行社代办全部事宜的观光旅游2. variety变化, 多样性He brought home a variety of snacks. 带回家许多种零食He didnt come for a variety of reasons 他因种种原因没来。She made the children glad in a variety of ways. 她用各种方法使孩子们高兴。3. worthy of attention 值得注意 /风景, 景色They will prove worthy of the Partys trust.他们不会辜负党对他们的信任。He is worthy to have a place in the team.他配成为该球队的队员。This book is worthy of being read to be read. 这本书值得一读。4. scenery风景：尤指乡村中的自然景色：I like mountain scenery very much. 我很喜欢山景。He enjoyed the varied mountain scenery. 欣赏不同的山景landscape山水风景画摄影the spring landscape春天的风景a landscape of snow雪景a landscape in oil风景油画5. unexpected 未预料到的The experiment produced some unexpected results.Her death was totally unexpected.Hagues announcement was not entirely unexpected.6. regional in character带有地方特色的in character 相符的：与特性或行为相符的：His behavior was totally in character. 他的行为与特性完全相符out of character 不相符的：与特性或行为不相符的：The response was so much out of character that it amazed me.回答与其性格如此不符，使我感到吃惊7. except与besides意义不同。 “We all agreed except him.”表示“我们都同意, 只有他不同意。”“We all agreed besides him.”表示“我们都同意, 他也同意。”8. turkey火鸡9. Thanksgiving感恩节：十一月的第四个星期四，在美国是法定节日，用以纪念1621年在普利茅斯清教徒殖民者和万帕诺亚格人的节日，以感谢上帝赐予丰收和健康为特征10. gain wide enough popularity 足以广为流行 The mayor enjoys win general popularity享盛名, 受欢迎, 得众望Enough: 用于被修饰语之后十分地; 足够地; 充分地I am warm enough. 我够暖和了。The meat is not cooked enough. 这肉未烧到火候。He was fool enough to agree. 他同意了, 真够傻的。He didnt run fast enough to catch the train.他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。修饰名词时, 放在名词前后均可 充足的, 足够的There is enough food food enough for everybody.有足够的食物供大家吃。11. popularityThe popularity of the Internet has soared.The presidents popularityhas declinedconsiderably.12. symbol象征, 符号, 记号White is the symbol of purity. 白是纯洁的象征。The symbol on the packet is a guarantee that the food has been produced organically. 记号Fe is the chemical symbol for iron. 符号Space exploration provides a symbol of national pride. 象征13. as a whole 总体上He disliked the acting but enjoyed the play as a whole. 他不喜欢表演但整体上喜欢这个剧14. set the table/lay the table摆放桌子(=put knives, forks etc on a table before a meal)clear the table (=take all the plates, glasses etc off).15. specialty特色菜French pastry is the chefs specialty. 这个厨师的特色菜是法式面点 16. capture the flavour and aroma and express the character of a particular place保存了色香味又展示了地方特色flavour 滋味, 有特色的味道a flavor of smoke in bacon熏肉的烟味It contains no artificial flavors. 不含人工香料aroma芳香, 香气, 香味the aroma of garlic and onions. 大蒜和洋葱的气味the aroma of roses. 玫瑰的芳香17. capture引起（注意）并吸引住：tales of adventure that capture the imagination. 引起想象的探险故事成功地长久保存：capture a likeness in a painting. 保存一幅油画中的人物肖像18. New Orleans新奥尔良(美国港市), 新奥尔良：美国路易斯安那州东南部城市，位于密西西比河和庞恰特雷恩湖之间。1718年建立，1722年成为法国殖民地的首都并于1803年作为路易斯安那交易的一部分移交美国管理。然而，法国的影响支配着这个城市，特别是在教学法事和狂欢节的庆祝活动中。新奥尔良是路易斯安那州最大的城市。人口496,93819. Jambalaya 什锦饭：一种用大米和虾和牡蛎、火腿或鸡肉烹制而成并用调味品和香料调味的克里奥尔食品20. a spicy dish of辛辣的, 加香料的21. ham 火腿 , shrimp小虾, tomato西红柿,22. Boston波士顿(美国马萨诸塞州首府), 波士顿：美国马萨诸塞州首府和最大城市，位于该州的东部，马萨诸塞湾的一个海湾波士顿湾 上。建于17世纪，是18世纪反对英国暴动的领导中心和19世纪废奴思想的强烈支持者。现在是一个主要的商业、金融和教育中心。人口574,28323. baked bean（加番茄酱等制的）烘豆, dried bean干豆, salt pork咸肉, brown sugar红糖, molasses糖浆,24. mixture混合, 混合物, 混合剂The day was a mixture of sun and clouds. 那天是晴时多云His new play is a mixture of saddness and humour.他的新剧本融悲哀和幽默于一体。Air is a mixture, not a compound of gases.空气是气体的混合物, 不是化合物。25. oven烤箱, 烤炉, 灶26. nutritious有营养的；滋养的27. poultry 家禽28. a national food menu 民族菜单an admirable menu佳肴, 一顿美餐Lets see what is on the menu today. 让我们看看今天菜单上有什么菜。29. list目录, 名单, 列于表上a shopping list; a guest list; a list of things to do.一张购物单；客人名单；事项表She listed each item received. 列入所收到的每一项She lists herself as an artist. 把自己列为艺术家30. the states that border the oceans 与.接壤, 接近Canada borders the United States. 加拿大与美国毗邻The United States borders on Canada. 美国接界于加拿大31. crab 蟹, lobster 龙虾,32. mealtime favorites进餐时爱吃的菜33. citrus fruit柑橘类的水果, grapefruit 柚子, lemon 柠檬, lime酸橙,34. Florida佛罗里达(美国州名) 佛罗里达：美国东南部一州，濒临大西洋和墨西哥湾。它于1845年被定为第27个州，该半岛于1513年首先由胡安庞斯德来昂发现，并成为包括现在美国东南部的西班牙人拓居地中心，西班牙最终于1819年割让了这一地区。首府塔拉哈西，最大城市杰克逊维尔。人口13,003,36235. California加利福尼亚, 加州, 加利福尼亚：美国西部靠近太平洋的一个州。1850年被收纳为第三十一个州。这个区域是西班牙的殖民地，后按瓜达卢佩一伊达尔戈条约回归美国（1848年）。由于其阳光明媚的气候，并在拓荒年代发现了金矿，加利福尼亚常被称为金色之州。萨克拉门托是其首府，洛杉矶是其最大城市。人口29,839,25036. the fruit groves in these states果树林37. sun-ripened fruit阳光催熟的 38. decorate 装饰decorate a house for New Year装饰房子过新年decorate sb. with a medal 授与某人勋章39. landlocked为陆地所包围的a landlocked country.内陆国40. stretch 绵延; 伸展The forests stretch for hundreds of miles. 森林绵延数百哩。This word will not stretch to cover that meaning. 这个词不能引伸作那个解释。The war stretched over four years. 那场战争延续了四年。41. Midwest 中西部; 美国中西部：美国中北部五大湖区及密西西比河上游河谷周围的地区。通常认为包括俄亥俄州、印第安纳州、伊利诺斯州、密歇根州、威斯康星州、明尼苏达州、衣阿华州、密苏里州、堪萨斯州及内布拉斯加州。该地区以肥沃的耕地及高度工业化的工业中心而闻名42. cereal谷类食物（指早餐吃的麦片粥等）43. productive能产的, 多产的productive forces生产力productive labour有价值的劳动a productive writer多产作家a productive farm肥沃的农场a productive prefix有构词能力的前缀44. broccoli 椰菜, asparagus芦笋45. carrot胡萝卜, grape葡萄, lettuce 生菜, peach桃子, pear梨子46. Texas德克萨斯州(美国州名) 得克萨斯：美国中南部一州，1845年它被接受为第二十八个州。西班牙人于16和17世纪探索此地，该地区于19世纪早期成为墨西哥的一个省，经过二月份在阿拉蒙虽失败但勇敢的奋力抵抗和在圣杰西托战役(4月21日）中战胜桑塔阿那军队后，得克萨斯于1836年赢得独立。美国国会反奴隶力量拒绝接受其为一州，得克萨斯的领袖们建立了独立的共和国直到1845年。奥斯汀是其首府，休顿是其最大的城市。人口17,059,80547. tender嫩的, 温柔的, 软弱的48. roasts烤肉, steaks牛排, and chops排骨49. canned罐装的, frozen冷冰的, or packaged小包装的50. raw material原料These data are the raw material for the analysis. 这些数据是供分析的原始材料51. produce 产物, 农产品52. transform变换Success and wealth transformed his character. 成功和财富改变了他的性格。A steam engine transforms heat into power. 蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。53. chef厨师54. memorable值得纪念的, 难忘的a lady of memorable beauty绝代佳人This was indeed the most memorable day of my life. 这的确是我一生中最值得怀念的日子。 55. fit for对某一意图、场合或使用是合适的a meal fit for a gourmet; 对一位美食家很合适的一餐；a tractor fit for heavy duty; 适合干重活的拖拉机；not a fit time or place for an argument. 不是争论的好时间或好地方。56. sample尝试The restaurant critic must sample a little of everything.餐馆品尝员必须把每样东西都尝一点57. distinct有区别的，不同的a distinct flavor. 独特风味58. the Northeast美国东北部：美国东北的地区，大致包括新英格兰州，纽约，有时也包括宾夕法尼亚州和新泽西州59. stretch伸展, 伸长Rubber stretches.橡皮筋可伸展。This word will not stretch to cover that meaning.这个词不能引伸作那个解释。The war stretched over four years.那场战争延续了四年。The forests stretch for hundreds of miles.森林绵延数百哩。His memory stretches back to his early childhood.他回想起自己的童年。Will the food stretch out? 饭菜供应得过来吗?60. Maine缅因州(美国东北角的州), 缅因州：美国东北部的一个州，于1820年被收归为第二十三个州。最早在1602年被欧洲人开发，此地区在1652年被马萨诸塞州合并。缅因北部和加拿大新布伦瑞克省的边界于1842年和英国以条约的形式确定下来。奥古斯塔为其首府，波特兰是其最大城市。人口1,233,22361. Maryland马里兰马里兰州：美国中部偏东的一个州。1788年成为最早的十三个殖民地之一。该殖民地作为英国的罗马天主教的避难所，由巴尔的摩勋爵1634年建立。安那波里为州府，巴尔的摩为最大城市。人口4,798,62262. the South：美国的南方地区，尤指美国内战时为南部邦联作战的各州63. Mississippi密西西比州(美国州名) 密西西比：美国东南部的一个州。它于1817年被接受为第二十个州。此地区最早的定居者（1699年）是法国人，当时这一片地区是路易斯安那的一部分。后来又归英国（1763-1779年）和西班牙统治，最后于1783年割让与美国。1789年成立密西西比区，并于1804和1813年两次扩大，其中也包括今天的阿拉巴马州。杰克逊是州首府和最大的城市。人口2,586,44364. Alabama阿拉巴马州(美国的一个州), 亚拉巴马州：美国东南部一个州。1819年被接纳为美国第22个州。亚拉巴马首先由西班牙人勘查，南部地区作为“路易斯安那购置”（1803年）的一部分被美国占领。蒙哥马利为其州府，伯明翰是最大城市。人口4,062,60865. Georgia乔治亚州(在美国南部,首府在Atlanta), ：美国东南的一个州，据认是1788年北美最初13个殖民地之一。1732年由以英国慈善家詹姆斯奥格尔索普为首的一群人建立并以乔治二世国王命名它。亚特兰大是它的首府和最大城市。人口6,508,41966. Dakota达科他(美国过去一地区名, 现分为南、北达科他州),67. Nebraska内布拉斯加州：大草原上美国中央的一个州。于1867年成为美国的第三十七州，该地区通过1803年的路易斯安那的购买成为美国的一部分，根据1854年的堪萨斯-内布拉斯加法案成为独立的领土。它的现在的边界定于1867年，林肯是其首府，奥马哈是最大城市。人口1,584,61768. Illinois伊利诺斯州(美国州名), 伊利诺斯州：美国中北部的一个州。1818年作为第二十一个州加入美国。法国人在17世纪后期首先开发了此地，1763年法国又将其割让给英国，1783年英法两国共同将其割让给新建立的美利坚合众国。斯普林菲尔德是该州首府，芝加哥为最大城市。人口11,466,68269. Kansas堪萨斯州：美国中部一州。1861年被批准为第34个州。通过1854年的堪萨斯内布拉斯加法案，堪萨斯被组织成为一个地区。该法案规定，遵照人民主权论的原则该地区可以成为自由州或蓄奴州。1854年至1859年间该州实质上成为自由派和蓄奴派的战场，被称为血腥的堪萨斯。堪萨斯最终被批准成为自由州。其首府为托皮卡，最大城市为威奇托。人口2,485,60070. specialize in擅长于, 专攻The shop specializes in mountain-climbing gear. 专门销售登山用具的商店71. fine breads and pastries优质的面包和馅饼72. Colorado美国科罗拉多州(位于美国西部) 科罗拉多州：美国中西部的一个州，1876年被确认为第38个州。于16和17世纪首先被西班牙人探险发现，通过路易斯安那购买（1803年）和墨西哥的割让（1848年）而加入美国版图。科罗拉多的区划正式确立于1861年，丹佛是其首府和最大城市。人口3,307,91273. Montana蒙大纳(美国州名) 蒙大纳州：美国西北部与加拿大接壤的一个州。1889年被接纳为美国第41个州。大部分地区通