外文翻译--EFI燃油系统

附 录 附录 A 英文文献与中文参考翻译 In the 1970s introduced electronic controls fuel injection system with high performance, it can meet the modern automobile to except the strict request discharge, saving, increase in power, to improve performance and many other aspects accelerating its advantages, gradually replacing carburetor and extensive use, is the inevitable trend of the future. In EFI system, a fuel common faults mainly has: the ignition switch, pump, oil pump does not turn the oil pipeline, not too high or too low, hydraulic injection fuel nozzle nozzle, no oil leakage or drops of oil, fuel nozzle and tubing connection or the intake manifold junction leakage, and cold start-up nozzle doesnt work, etc. The following simple introduction of these faults and eliminate. (1) oil pump oil or not The ignition switch, pump can turn or pump oil, the main causes of the following: (1) if the engine running, because the air flow has not moved, and the impeller of it is not connected to pump switches to L (EFI system), or distributor in speed signal transmission to the electronic controller (ECU) (EFI system for D) : 2) pump drive circuit relay or main contactor relays disconnect circuit breakers, or coil ablation, 3) pump power input, or the power plug contact undesirable conductor disconnected, 4) pump brush, brush spring break or wear loses elasticity: 5) of the armature winding burning oil: 6) pump wheels stuck. For this failure, should press following method for checking and removing: check whether the oil pump, electric in through the ignition switch engine running, not after the press the pump drive circuit switch, such as oil pump check and its driving circuit itself without fault, pump should be able to turn and oil pump. If pump, should first turn not check whether the power plug pump, or loose wires connecting the disconnect, this is the most common causes of malfunction, also more easily. Further, including driving circuit can check to the failure of the ignition switch, fuse is, the relay, power supplies, and such as relays disconnect the plug and wires connecting them. The relay contacts ablation, electromagnetic winding drive circuit broken will affect the burn, pump can rotate. If contact ablation is not serious, can repair, or by burnish should replacement parts. F inal inspection pump itself, can use digital multimeter measurement of the oil pump motor armature, normally its resistance to 12 15n, if the measurement result is somewhat larger, probably due to plug, attachment areas such as poor contact, or brush wear. If the measured value is infinite, you must have been burned armature winding is broken. Because of the pump is whole package, cannot open repair, so should be replaced. After the examination, and in different parts of the normal circumstance, still appear likely engine running, dont turn pump is due to the air flow pump switches have caused by fault, switch contact undesirable, can cause failure attachment breakers. Through the inspection pump switches, easily find fault. (2) pump rotation but not pump oil Pump rotation but not pump oil, mainly composed of the following reasons: 1) the pump pressure valves, or stuck roof-floor valve spring break, make discharging pressure valves, pumps have often open the oil pump flow back, but only to the tank can pump pressure pipe in fuel, 2) of the oil pump fitting stuck out of oil pump, not by pressing pressure oil pressure valves only by return tank, 3) the pump JinYou blocked, or JinYou mesh seere blockages, make the pump suction resistance due to too much and cannot pump out fuel, 4) pump impeller and pump shell with serious wear, mutual exist great gap, cannot be fuel pump. To avoid this problem, should strictly in accordance with the requirements of operation and maintenance, cleaning, cleaning tank on screen, avo id jam phenomenon. To check or discharging pressure valves, slight delay card can use the method to eliminate keystrokes and vibration. If you have severe worn or damaged parts of the situation, it should be replaced pump. (3) fuel pressure low From the oil pump output to fuel pressure should be 0.27-0.30 MPa. Low pressure will seriously affect the fuel injection quantity measurement, to reduce power down, causing difficulty, starting to engine performance. Low pressure caused by the reasons for oil pump, valve, pressure from 0 - or - to valve leakage, JinYou filter clogging pump impeller and, wear, and fuel filters in oil, are the factors should be taken into consideration. Another to consider is the regulator, if the voltage regulator, the diaphragm spring is damaged, soft, seating damage caused by oil pressure will be low. If the above situation, should replace the regulator. (4) fuel pressure is too high Pressure regulator is caused by excessive stiffness spring is the main reason for the high pressure difference, if the standard with excessive, will make the injection quantity, causing the mixture, now should replace pressure regulator. In addition, pressure regulator and the intake manifold connection pipe leakage, make its cannot feel intake manifold vacuum, will cause the compensating mixture too thick. Through the careful installation of connection lines and often check, can avoid such failure. (5) cold start-up nozzles.such work Check whether the cold start nozzle can work normally, it should be removed from the inlet connection, with the special tools to coiled tubing connection with the cold start nozzle together, reoccupy interconnects socket and special tools to both the battery. Note battery anode, positive line only even in my hand, and in a very short time point of contact battery anode piles, if the cold start nozzle is good, it will be a brief jet fuel. Otherwise, shall check the cold start nozzle, main is to check whether the magnetic coil. Using a multimeter to check the magnetic coil, the resistance should be in 3-5 , if the resistance, that the magnetic coil is burning. If the cold start nozzle is good, but do not spray, should check whether the normal temperature switches. Using the multimeter to test its two ends, wiring resistance should be 20-50 , if reach 50-60 that its internal contacts have closed loop, nozzle coil current, cause not spray. Note that if the environment temperature over 40 C, the temperature of the time switch contacts open attribute normal phenomenon. 参考译文： 20 世纪 70 年代推出的电子 控制燃料喷射系统具有优良的性能，它除了可以满足现代汽车对排放 、 节油的严格要求外 ， 还在增大功率 、 改善加速性能等许多方面具有优势 ， 其逐步取代化油器而广泛使用 ， 是今后的必然趋势 。 在 EFI 燃油系统中 ， 较常见的故障主要有 ： 点火开关接通后 ， 油泵不转动 、油泵不泵油 、 管路中的油压过高或过低 、 燃油喷嘴不喷油 、 燃油喷嘴渗油或滴油、燃油喷嘴与油管连接处或进气歧管连接处漏油 ， 以及冷起动喷嘴不工作等 。 下面简单介绍这些故障的分析及排除 。 （ 1）油泵不转或不泵油 点火开关接通后，油泵不能转动或不泵油，主要由下列原因造成： 1)若发动机尚 未运行，因空气流量计叶轮未动，使与它联动的油泵开关未被接通 (对 L 型EFI 系统 )，或分电器中无转速信号输送到电子控制器 (ECU)中去 (对 D 型 EFI 系统 )： 2)油泵驱动电路主继电器或电路断开继电器的触头烧蚀，或线圈断路； 3)油泵的电源输入插头接触不良，或电源导线断开； 4)油泵的电刷磨损，电刷弹簧断裂或失去弹性： 5)油泵的电枢线圈烧断； 6)泵轮卡住。对于这一故障，应按如下方法进行检查和排除：为了检查电动油泵是否良好，在接通点火开关后发动机尚未运行时，按下油泵驱动电路中的油泵检查开关，如油泵本身和它的驱动电路没有故 障，油泵应能转动和泵油。如果油泵不转，应首先检查油泵的电源插头是否松动，连接导线有无断开之处，这是最为常见的故障根源，排除也比较容易。进一步可检查驱动电路，其中易发生故障的是点火开关、熔断丝、主继电器、电源断开继电器等部件，以及连接它们的插头和导线。继电器的触头烧蚀、电磁线圈烧断都会影响驱动回路，使油泵不能转动。若触点烧蚀不严重，可以通过打磨进行修复，否则应更换部件。最后检查油泵本身，可使用数字万用表测量油泵电机的电枢，正常情况下它的电阻为 12 15n，如果测量结果略大一些，可能是由于插头、连线等部位接触不 良，或电刷磨损所致。若测量值为无穷大，则必然是电枢线圈已被烧断。由于油泵是整体封装的形式，无法拆开修理，因此应予更换。经上述检查后，在各部分均正常的情况下，仍有可能出现发动机运行时油泵不转的情况，这是由于空气流量计中的油泵开关有故障所致，开关接触不良，连线断路等都会造成故障。通过检查油泵开关连线，可以比较容易地发现故障。 （ 2）油泵转动但不泵油 油泵转动但是不泵油，主要由如下原因造成： 1)油泵的卸压阀被卡住，或卸压阀弹簧折断，使卸压阀常开，油泵所泵的油只是流回到油箱，而不能泵压到燃油管道中； 2)油泵出油口的 单向阀被卡住不能出油，通过泵轮被加压的压力油只能经卸压阀流回油箱； 3)油泵的进油口堵塞，或进油滤网严重堵塞，使油泵由于吸入阻力太大而不能泵出燃油； 4)油泵的叶轮和泵壳由于严重的磨损，相互间存在着很大的间隙，无