2019中考英语一轮复习完形填空之推理判断练习课件人教新目标版.ppt

完形填空之推理判断,Who?FirstheisadetectiveSecond,helivedinLondonin19centuryThirdhelikedplayingviolin,SherlockHolmes,HaveyouseenSherlock?,DoyouknowtheSherlockHolmesMuseum?,Afterbuyingticketspeopleehere,Rangthebell,themaidestoopenthedoor,HolmesandWatsonslivingroom,Insidethelivingroomisafireplace.(壁炉)Infrontofthefireplace,thenetothethirdfloorHolmessassistant-Billy,完形填空的题型特点:选项所给的四个词的词性和意义相同或相近。如果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分，可能会有两个或两个以上的答案；若放在整篇文章提供的语境中，利用上下文提供的各种信息综合分析，则只有一个最佳答案。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。,因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来推理判断答案是解决这类题的关键。,做完形填空，我们可以从一下几个方面进行推理判断。,一、通过语境进行判断这种解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种。即充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。(1)运用“前置信息”。Aliciawasayoungwomanwholikedtoexerciseforherhealth.Infact,shewalkedfivekilometersbeforebreakfasteverymorning,andwentswimmingonceaweekattheswimmingpool.Shedidntsmokeandnever36.Shedidnteatchocolate.36.A.exercisedB.drankC.walkedD.slept（B）,一、通过语境进行判断这种解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种。即充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。(1)运用“前置信息”。Aliciawasayoungwomanwholikedtoexerciseforherhealth.Infact,shewalkedfivekilometersbeforebreakfasteverymorning,andwentswimmingonceaweekattheswimmingpool.Shedidntsmokeandnever36.Shedidnteatchocolate.36.A.exercisedB.drankC.walkedD.slept（B）,一、通过语境进行判断这种解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种。即充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。(1)运用“前置信息”。Aliciawasayoungwomanwholikedtoexerciseforherhealth.Infact,shewalkedfivekilometersbeforebreakfasteverymorning,andwentswimmingonceaweekattheswimmingpool.Shedidntsmokeandnever36.Shedidnteatchocolate.36.A.exercisedB.drankC.walkedD.slept（B）【解析】从上文中可知艾丽西娅是个喜欢锻炼身体的年轻女子。事实上，她每天早饭前步行五公里，每周去游泳池游泳一次。可以推断出她有着非常健康的生活习惯，所以她不抽烟也不喝酒。,【练习】Beforeyoumakefriends,youhavetodecidewhomyouwanttochoosetobeyourfriends.Mostpeopleliketohavefriendswholiketodothesamekindsofthingsastheydo.Thinkaboutyourfavouritethingsandtrytalkingtoyourclassmatesaboutyour（72）D.72.A.familyB.schoolC.parentsD.hobbies,【练习】Beforeyoumakefriends,youhavetodecidewhomyouwanttochoosetobeyourfriends.Mostpeopleliketohavefriendswholiketodothesamekindsofthingsastheydo.Thinkaboutyourfavouritethingsandtrytalkingtoyourclassmatesaboutyour（72）D.72.A.familyB.schoolC.parentsD.hobbies【解答】D。考查名词，A.family家庭；B.school学校；C.parents父母；D.hobbies爱好，根据前文说到大部分人交朋友都喜欢交往志同道合的朋友，由此可知，题干处说的是跟同班同学谈论兴趣爱好，结合选项，D符合语境，故选D。,(2)运用“后置信息”Aftersayinggoodbye,theladycontinueddowntheroaduntilshereachedasmall42whereshedecidedtostopforsomethingtoeat.Astheprettywaitresstookherorder,theladynoticedshewasnearlyeightmonthspregnant（怀孕）.42.A.restaurantB.bookstoreC.cinemaD.library（A）,(2)运用“后置信息”Aftersayinggoodbye,theladycontinueddowntheroaduntilshereachedasmall42whereshedecidedtostopforsomethingtoeat.Astheprettywaitresstookherorder,theladynoticedshewasnearlyeightmonthspregnant（怀孕）.42.A.restaurantB.bookstoreC.cinemaD.library（A）,(2)运用“后置信息”Aftersayinggoodbye,theladycontinueddowntheroaduntilshereachedasmall42whereshedecidedtostopforsomethingtoeat.Astheprettywaitresstookherorder,theladynoticedshewasnearlyeightmonthspregnant（怀孕）.42.A.restaurantB.bookstoreC.cinemaD.library（A）【解析】A.从下文whereshedecidedtostopforsomethingtoeat她决定停下来吃点东西可以推断出她到达的是一个吃饭的地方，根据选项的意思可知。,【练习】Askyournewfriendsquestionsabout（78）C.Whostheirfavouritesinger？Wheredotheylive？Whostheirteacher？Whatdotheydoafterschool？Theseareallgoodquestionstostartaconversation.78.A.yourselfB.meC.themselvesD.it,【练习】Askyournewfriendsquestionsabout（78）C.Whostheirfavouritesinger？Wheredotheylive？Whostheirteacher？Whatdotheydoafterschool？Theseareallgoodquestionstostartaconversation.78.A.yourselfB.meC.themselvesD.it【解析】C。考查代词，A.yourself你自己；B.me我；C.themselves他/她/它们自己D.it它，根据后文Whostheirsinger？Wheredotheylive？Whostheirteacher？他们最喜欢的歌手是谁？他们住哪里？他们的老师是谁？，由此可知这些问题都是关于朋友们的，结合选项，他们对应的反身代词是themselves，故选C。,（3）运用前置和后置信息Stevenson,aScotsman,hadlived_18_formanyyears.In1881hereturnedtoScotlandforaholiday.A.aloneB.nextdoorC.athomeD.abroad（D）,（3）运用前置和后置信息Stevenson,aScotsman,hadlived_18_formanyyears.In1881hereturnedtoScotlandforaholiday.A.aloneB.nextdoorC.athomeD.abroad（D）,（3）运用前置和后置信息Stevenson,aScotsman,hadlived_18_formanyyears.In1881hereturnedtoScotlandforaholiday.A.aloneB.nextdoorC.athomeD.abroad（D）【解析】根据上文可知，Stevenson,aScotsman史蒂文森是苏格兰人，多年来一直生活在苏格兰。根据下文可知hereturnedtoScotland他重返故土苏格兰。可知史蒂文森常年住在苏格兰。,【练习】Laughingwithafriendisthebest,（37）Bsometimescryingbringsyoucloser（更亲密的）together.37.A.becauseB.butC.ifD.or,【练习】Laughingwithafriendisthebest,（37）Bsometimescryingbringsyoucloser（更亲密的）together.37.A.becauseB.butC.ifD.or【解答】B。考查连词，A.because因为；B.but但是；C.if如果；是否；D.or或者，根据后文的crying和前文的Laughing，可知这是转折关系，故选B。,二、利用复现词语进行判断有时为了表达的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。Friendshipisoneofthepermanentthemesintheliteratureofalllanguage.Someofuslike_10_friendswhileotherslikedifferentfriends.PersonallyIpreferboth.Havingsimilarfriendshasmanyadvantages.10.A.trueB.rightC.sameD.similar（D）,二、利用复现词语进行判断有时为了表达的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。Friendshipisoneofthepermanentthemesintheliteratureofalllanguage.Someofuslike_10_friendswhileotherslikedifferentfriends.PersonallyIpreferboth.Havingsimilarfriendshasmanyadvantages.10.A.trueB.rightC.sameD.similar（D）,二、利用复现词语进行判断有时为了表达的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。Friendshipisoneofthepermanentthemesintheliteratureofalllanguage.Someofuslike_10_friendswhileotherslikedifferentfriends.PersonallyIpreferboth.Havingsimilarfriendshasmanyadvantages.10.A.trueB.rightC.sameD.similar（D）【解析】根据句意whileotherslikedifferentfriends.但其他人喜欢不同的朋友可知主句为有些人喜欢类似的朋友，A.真正的；B.正确的；C.相同的；D.类似的，下文中中有similarfriends，可知答案为D。,【练习】Thequickestwaytomakeafriendisto（73）A.Ifyoudoso，peoplethinkyouare（74）friendly.Atfirst,itmaynotbeeasytosmile.However，rememberthat（75）nobodylikesanangryface.73.A.smileB.writeC.singD.shout,【练习】Thequickestwaytomakeafriendisto（73）A.Ifyoudoso，peoplethinkyouare（74）friendly.Atfirst,itmaynotbeeasytosmile.However，rememberthat（75）nobodylikesanangryface.73.A.smileB.writeC.singD.shout【解答】A。考查动词，A.smile微笑；B.write写；C.sing唱歌；D.shout大叫。根据后文Atfirst，itmaynotbeeasytosmile首先，微笑可能是不容易的，由此可知前文说到的交朋友最快的方式是微笑，故选A。,三、通过逻辑推理进行判断由一个或几个已知的判断（前提），推导出一个未知的结论的思维过程。1.Foralongtimeshestoodinthebasketsilently.andonlykepthereyes(45)tolookatallthewonderfulsightsbelow.(45)A.closedB.openC.clean（B）,三、通过逻辑推理进行判断由一个或几个已知的判断（前提），推导出一个未知的结论的思维过程。1.Foralongtimeshestoodinthebasketsilently.andonlykepthereyes(45)tolookatallthewonderfulsightsbelow.(45)A.closedB.openC.clean（B）,三、通过逻辑推理进行判断由一个或几个已知的判断（前提），推导出一个未知的结论的思维过程。1.Foralongtimeshestoodinthebasketsilently.andonlykepthereyes(45)tolookatallthewonderfulsightsbelow.(45)A.closedB.openC.clean（B）【解析】由于look可以推理判断，眼镜是睁开的，所以答案为B。,【练习】“Hey,deafanddumb,whatsthetime?”Theytoldmethathecouldneitherhearnor(39).（39）A.speakB.seeC.answer（A）,【练习】“Hey,deafanddumb,whatsthetime?”Theytoldmethathecouldneitherhearnor(39).（39）A.speakB.seeC.answer（A）【解析】从句中的deafanddumb，又聋又哑，可以推理判断出他既不能听，也不能说，故答案为A。,四、利用逻辑关系进行推理判断做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。表示结构层次的firstly,secondly,finally等；表示并列关系的and,or,besides,aswell(as)等；表示因果关系的therefore,so等，表示递进关系的besides,whatsmore,等，表示转折关系的however,but,while,ontheotherhand等等。,【例1】Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery_.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous,【例1】Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery_.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous,【例1】Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery_.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous【解析】根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow浅的相反，因此答案为A。,A,【练习】MrsONeillasked_questionsandshedidntscolduseither.A.noB.certainC.manyD.more,【练习】MrsONeillasked_questionsandshedidntscolduseither.A.noB.certainC.manyD.more【解析】and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。,五、根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理判断完形填空题的选文为独立的语篇，它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，但有时渗透着文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极调动自己的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，必能轻松解题。【例】Theoldmanlookedatme.Thenhelookedathis_andreplied,“Its5:30”.A.umbrellaB.homeC.watch,五、根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理判断完形填空题的选文为独立的语篇，它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，但有时渗透着文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极调动自己的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，必能轻松解题。【例】Theoldmanlookedatme.Thenhelookedathis_andreplied,“Its5:30”.A.umbrellaB.homeC.watch【解析】根据句意可知他看的物体应该可以显示时间，A.umbrella雨伞；B.home家；C.watch手表，根据常识手表显示时间。,1.TheyhadtotraveloutsideFranceforseveralweeks.Thatafternoon,Ihadto_outofonefamilyshouseandintoanother.A.moveB.travelC.walkD.rush,1.TheyhadtotraveloutsideFranceforseveralweeks.Thatafternoon,Ihadto_outofonefamilyshouseandintoanother.A.moveB.travelC.walkD.rush【解答】A。考查推理能力。根据前句可知原来的寄宿家庭要出国，那他一定是要“搬出去”到另一家去，选项A正确。,2.AssoonasIsatdown,my_41_madethechairbegintoroll.Itswheelswerenot_42_.41.A.heightB.forceC.skillD.weight42.A.lockedB.repairedC.poweredD.grasped,2.AssoonasIsatdown,my_41_madethechairbegintoroll.Itswheelswerenot_42_.41.A.heightB.forceC.skillD.weight42.A.lockedB.repairedC.poweredD.grasped【解答】D和A。考查推理能力。由前面句中的thechairbegantoroll，推出正是轮子没有锁上，加上重力，才会滚动，故选择D和A。,3.Lisawasoneofthemobilechildren,_39_fromhousetohouseinchildhood.Shelongsforasenseof_40_,andsowehaveetoNovaScotiawheremyhusbandandIwerebornandwhereourancestors_41_for200years.39.A.passedB.raisedC.movedD.sent40.A.homeB.dutyC.realityD.relief41.A.builtB.livedC.remainedD.explored,3.Lisawasoneofthemobilechildren,_39_fromhousetohouseinchildhood.Shelongsforasenseof_40_,andsowehaveetoNovaScotiawheremyhusbandandIwerebornandwhereourancestors_41_for200years.39.A.passedB.raisedC.movedD.sent40.A.homeB.dutyC.realityD.relief41.A.builtB.livedC.remainedD.explored【解答】考查推理能力。前句的关键词themobilechildren,和fromhousetohouse，体现了原因：Lisa从小居无定所，得出结论：渴望有家的感觉，根据这两者间的因果关系，得出正确答案为CAB。,一、完型填空Lofton(洛夫顿)isalittlevillagenotfarfromManchester(曼彻斯特).Likemany_1_villagesneartownsorcities,itiscleanandquiet.Notmanyfamilies_2_there,sothepeopleallknow_3_.Mostofthemarefriendlyandhelpful._4_theirhomesareinLofton,manypeoplehavejobsinManchester.Someworkinthebigfactories._5_workinshopsoroffices.Mostofthesepeoplegotoworkbytrain.Itusuallytakesthemabout_6_togetfromLoftontoManchester.Intheeveningalotofpeoplelike_7_TV.Iftheywanttoseeafilmortolistentoaconcert(音乐会),they_8_gotoManchester.TherearenocinemasinLofton.LifeinLoftonmaynotbesoexcitingaslifeinthe_9_cities,butitcanbejustas_10_asthere.ThatiswhypeopleinLoftonlovetheirlittlevillage.,1.A.anyB.othersC.other2.A.livesB.havelivedC.live3.A.eachanotherB.eachotherC.otherone4.A.ThoughB.ButC.So5.A.LittleB.AfewC.Few6.A.ahalfhourB.halfhourC.halfanhour7.A.towatchingB.watchingC.tobewatched8.A.havetoB.hadtoC.need9.A.morelargerB.largerC.largerthanother10.A.interestedB.moreinterestingC.interesting,一、完型填空Lofton(洛夫顿)isalittlevillagenotfarfromManchester(曼彻斯特).Likemany_1_villagesneartownsorcities,itiscleanandquiet.Notmanyfamilies_2_there,sothepeopleallknow_3_.Mostofthemarefriendlyandhelpful._4_theirhomesareinLofton,manypeoplehavejobsinManchester.Someworkinthebigfactories._5_workinshopsoroffices.Mostofthesepeoplegotoworkbytrain.Itusuallytakesthemabout_6_togetfromLoftontoManchester.1.A.anyB.othersC.other2.A.livesB.havelivedC.live3.A.eachanotherB.eachotherC.otherone4.A.ThoughB.ButC.So5.A.LittleB.AfewC.Few6.A.ahalfhourB.halfhourC.halfanhour,【答案】1-5.CCBAB6.C,Intheeveningalotofpeoplelike_7_TV.Iftheywanttoseeafilmortolistentoaconcert(音乐会),they_8_gotoManchester.TherearenocinemasinLofton.LifeinLoftonmaynotbesoexcitingaslifeinthe_9_cities,butitcanbejustas_10_asthere.ThatiswhypeopleinLoftonlovetheirlittlevillage.7.A.towatchingB.watchingC.tobewatched8.A.havetoB.hadtoC.need9.A.morelargerB.largerC.largerthanother10.A.interestedB.moreinterestingC.interesting【答案】7-10.BABC,二、完形填空。Ifyouwanttohavetruefriends,youshouldbeatruefriendyourself.Wonder_11_youcando?Herearesometips._12_andcrytogetherLaughingwithafriendisthebest,_13_sometimescryingbringsyoucloser(更亲密的)together.Dontbe_14_tobeyourselfwhenyoustayyoureyourfriends.Shareyour_15_feelingswithyourfriends.Thenfriendswillknoweachother_16_better.BeanicegiftgiverGift-givingisntjustforbirthdaysorholidays-itcanbeafunwayofmakingyourfriends_17_special!Butyoudontneedtobuy_18_gifts.Makingthingsbyyourself_19_yourcare,becauseyouputtimeandideasintoyour_20_.,Standupforhimorher.Ifsomeone_21_yourfriend,dontjuststandtherequietly.Do_22_aboutit!Youcantryto_23_asmartwaytosolve(解决)theproblemandmakeotherslookatyourfrienddifferently.Sometimesitsnecessary_24_youtomakehimorherfeelbetter.Itmaynotbe_25_,butitswhatagoodfriendshoulddo!11.A.whoB.whenC.whatD.how12.A.ThinkB.LaughC.SingD.Dance13.A.becauseB.butC.ifD.or14.A.boredB.tiredC.surprisedD.afraid15.A.trueB.difficultC.funnyD.boring,16.A.soB.veryC.muchD.quite17.A.keepB.feelC.lookD.get18.A.expensiveB.interestingC.usefulD.real19.A.letsB.wishesC.helpsD.shows20.A.friendsB.birthdaysC.giftsD.holidays21.A.laughsatB.looksatC.thinksaboutD.talksto22.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing23.A.findB.askC.startD.teach24.A.ofB.forC.toD.with25.A.strictB.sorryC.easyD.smart,二、完形填空。Ifyouwanttohavetruefriends,youshouldbeatruefriendyourself.Wonder_11_youcando?Herearesometips._12_andcrytogetherLaughingwithafriendisthebest,_13_sometimescryingbringsyoucloser(更亲密的)together.Dontbe_14_tobeyourselfwhenyoustayyoureyourfriends.11.A.whoB.whenC.whatD.how12.A.ThinkB.LaughC.SingD.Dance13.A.becauseB.butC.ifD.or14.A.boredB.tiredC.surprisedD.afraid【答案】11-14CBBD,Shareyour_15_feelingswithyourfriends.Thenfriendswillknoweachother_16_better.BeanicegiftgiverGift-givingisntjustforbirthdaysorholidays-itcanbeafunwayofmakingyourfriends_17_special!Butyoudontneedtobuy_18_gifts.Makingthingsbyyourself_19_yourcare,becauseyouputtimeandideasintoyour_20_.15.A.trueB.difficultC.funnyD.boring16.A.soB.veryC.muchD.quite17.A.keepB.feelC.lookD.get18.A.expensiveB.interestingC.usefulD.real19.A.letsB.wishesC.helpsD.shows20.A.friendsB.birthdaysC.giftsD.holidays,【答案】15.A16-20.CBADC,Standupforhimorher.Ifsomeone_21_yourfriend,dontjuststandtherequietly.Do_22_aboutit!Youcantryto_23_asmartwaytosolve(解决)theproblemandmakeotherslookatyourfrienddifferently.Sometimesitsnecessary_24_youtomakehimorherfeelbetter.Itmaynotbe_25_,butitswhatagoodfriendshoulddo!21.A.laughsatB.looksatC.thinksaboutD.talksto22.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing23.A.findB.askC.startD.teach24.A.ofB.forC.toD.with25.A.strictB.sorryC.easyD.smart【答案】21-25.AAABC,完形填空Iusedtogivemuchmoneytothehomelessaround,feelingsorryfortheirmisfortune(不幸).ButlaterIbecameasinglemom_1_nohome,ahugedebt(债务)andhardlyan