上海新世纪英语高二全部课文及重点词组

1 / 23 上海新世纪英语高二全部课文及重点词组 上 海 新 世 纪 英 语 高 二 全 部 课 文 （ 包 括AdditionalReading）及重点词组 高二第二学期 ssake ? ,hisfriends,andhisincredibletorchrun sthreeimportantlaws (AdaptedfromoliverTwistcharlesDickens) ?(AdaptedfromThePrinceandthePaupermarkTwain) 高二第二学 期 2 / 23 EAGERBEAVERAneagerbeaverisapersonwhoisalwayswillingtodoandisexcitedaboutdoingwhatisexpectedofhim. Suppose,forexample,thatateachertellshisstudentstheyea,anddoesnotmindallthehomework. Theexpressionissaidtohavecomefromthenameofahard-workinganimal-thebeaver. , HistorianssaythebeaverhadanimportantpartinthesettlementofNorthAmerica. There,fortwohundredyearsormore, youngmen,wheretheyexchangedbeaverskinsforthegoodstheyneeded,becamevillages,andlatertownsandcities. IT SINTHEBAGThebag-oneofthesimplestandmostusefulthingsineverymanorwoman sli Whenyouaresureofsomething,youcansay,“It sinthebag.” ,Americansusedtosay,“It sallwrappedup.”Then,thingsyouboughtwerewrappedinplainbrownpaper,orsometimesinoldnewspaper. Anotherwidelyusedexpressionsis“toletthecatout ofthebag”,meaningtorevealawell -keptsecret. 3 / 23 Noonecanexplainhowthecatgotintothebag,outjumpedasquealingcat, ssecretwasout:hewastricky,andnoweverybodyknewit. characters TeacherofEnglish:msSmith(mS) Students:Li(LI),mao(mA),Anne(AN),Rivera(RI) mS:Goodmorning,“EnglishProverbs”. LI:So,I mintherightgroup. mA:me,too. RI:me,too. mS:ButIwastoldwewouldhavefourandyet AN:I ? mS:morning.“Speakofangelsandyouheartheirsongs.” AN:Isthataproverbreferringtomycoming? mS:Exactly. LI:Wehaveasayinginchinese,whichIthinkisverycloseinmeaning mA:Speakofcaocaoandheappears. mS:,“firstthingsfirst”.Aproverbisatradition,“Eastorwest,homeisbest.”Sometimesitcomesoutintheformofaphrase. 4 / 23 mA:I veseendictionariesofproverbs. mS:Well,:“oneisnevertoooldtolearn.”and“Amanwhoneglectshisstudiesinyouthwillregretitinlateryears.” RI:man,Iguessthelatterworks. mS:“oneman smeatisanotherman spoison.” LI:,whatisthesecondtype? mS:Thesecondtypeusesspecificobservationsfromeverydayexperiencetomakeageneralpoint. AN:“Don tputallyoureggsinonebasket.”Doesitfallintothesecondcategory? mS:you reright,alcustomsandbeliefs.“Afterdinner,restawhile;aftersupper,walkamile.”,theseasons,andtheweather. LI:? mS:Thefactis,assomeoldonesarefallingintodisuse, AN:I vegotone:“Rubbishin,rubbishout.” mA:Italsogoes“Garbagein,garbageout.” mS:Ithinkitismorecommontosay“Garbagein,garbageout.”Well,Ihope,today“you llhavesomethingniceoutasyouhavehadsomethingnicein.” 5 / 23 AN:Thankyou,dowehaveanassignmentasusual? mS:,thatis,proverbsthatexpressgeneraltruths. LI:I dliketocollectsomeonstudies. mS:Good!I msogladtohavebeenwithyou.(Tothefourstudents)“Strikewhiletheironishot.”Seeyounextweek. Itisinterestingtonotethatspeechesarealways“given”or“delivered”.Theyarenever“said”.Whengivingaspeech,therefore,itisusefultothinkofyourselfasplayingapart, sstanceandgestures,theeyecontactbetweenthespeakerandtheaudience,andagoodcontrolofthepresentationspeedoftalking/speaking. ,don “says”; tplaywithkeysorcoinsinyourpocket;thiswilldistractyouraudience. GESTURESGesturesandfacialexpres,longspeechdeliveredwithoutexpression,thatyourgesturesarenatural. Ingeneral,thelargertheaudience,themoreexpansivethegesturesshouldbe, ,andtheyshouldbeexpressiveandmeaningful. 6 / 23 EyEcoNTAcTTohavemaximumimpactyouneedtomake,glancetowardsallsectionsoftheaudienceanddon ,theothersidemayfeelyouareignoringthemandthereforeloseinterestinwhatyouaresaying. ,beforeyoustarttowriteit,makesurethatyouspeakatthecorrectspeedanddotimeyourself. ssake HowlongshouldImakemyspeech?Howlongwillmyaudienceconcentrateonmyspeech?HoeslowlyshouldIspeaktomakemyselfclearlyunderstood?Intryingtoanswerthesequestions,weseehowimportanttimingistospeech. kEEPyoURSPEEcHLESSTHAN15mINUTESLinyutang,thefamouswriterandtranslator,oncesaidaboutthelengthofaspeech,“theshorter,thebetter.”Speakingaroundthetopic shouldbeseriouslyavoided,notonlyinspeech,?,heshouldalwayssticktothepoint,andusesimple,clear,anddirectlanguage. Accordingtoscientists, ThefamousGettysburgAddress,deliveredbyAbrahamLincolnonNovember19,1863hasabout200words,butitstillmanagedtoexpresstheideathatallpeoplearebornequal. 150-160Wered. 7 / 23 Ifyouarespeakingtohundredsoreventhousandsofpeople,especiallyintheopenair,whenmartinLutherkingspoke,eventoasmallgroup,hisusualspeakingspeedwasonly110to120wordsperminute. Whenyouarespeakingindoorstoasmallgroup,say,10or20people,youcanstillretaintheaudience sattention. So,wecanseethattheaveragespeedisabout150to160wordsperminute. Whetheryouarespeakingslowlyorrapidly,nomatterhowwonderfulyouthinkyourcontentis,theaudiencewon ,inadvance,andpractiseeverydaybeforeyougetuponstage. PAUSEFoRDRAmATIcEFFEcTIfyouwantaparticularsentenceorexpressiontoleaveadeepimpressiononyouraudience,theaudiencewillgrowcuriousaboutwhyyouchoosetopauseandtheywillanxiouslyexpecttohearthenextsentence,whichisexactlywhatyouwanttohappen. Butdon ,withabitofbodylanguage,ustartagain,they llprobablythink,“oh,he(she)hasforgottenthewords!” tespeciallypretty,andshewasn ! Why?Whatwasitaboutjamiethatmadeeveryonenoticeher?Ifherlooksandhertalentsweren 8 / 23 tanythingtoshowoff,whatdidshehavegoingforher? Hereitis-shortan:Benicetoothers!jamiewaskindandgenuinelycaredaboutothers:peoplerespondedbywantingtobearoundher. Goingalongwiththisbigsecretofmakingfriendsareafewadditionalsuggestions: SmILINGSUGGEST Smilesalsoconveyconfidence, thavetoactuallyfeelconfidenttosmile,butwhenyoudo,themoreyousmile, llgainconfidencefromsmiling! resaying. Whenotherpeoplefindoutyouarewillingtolisten,theywillbetalkingtoyou!Whensomeoneistalkingtoyou, tworkinmakingfriends. meanwhile,don vegottodoyourpart,;nooneelsecangetawordin. TRyToADDVALUEToTHoSEARoUNDyo ttearsomeonedown. ? Whatismeantbytheword“friend”?Thedictionarydefinesitas“oneattachedtoanotherbyaffectionorrespect”.Americansusethewordfreely-thatis,becauseitcoversma9 / 23 nytypesofrelationships. ItiscommonforAmericanstohavedifferent“circles”.Terms“Bestfriends”areusuall Americansm,attenddistantcolleges,getmarried,peopleformandendfriendshipsquickly. Rel,friendships. omingclosebut,inreality,“Haveaniceday”or“Seeyoulater”, Howtheyearshaverushedby!,butIneverlostmarget-myfirstloveandfirsthurt. ImetmargetSwensonwhenshejoinedoursixth-gradeclass. marget,justfreshfromSweden,andI, ,;mine,friend,andgoodbye. However,suchfundidnotlastlong,andthedisasterbeganatmarget sbirthdayparty. ,puttingthefinishingtouchesonthedecorations. Somefifteenminuteslater,thedoorbellrang,andincamemary,anothergirlinourclass. Whenitgottobeafterfive,andwhenshecameout,shelooked10 / 23 very,verysad.“mymotherdoesnotthinktheyarecoming,”shesaid. “Whynot?”maryblurted. margetcastaquickglanceatme,butshedidn tsayanything. Itookmarget shand.“It sme,isn tit?”!IremembersopainfullytodayhowmuchIwantedherquickandpositive“No!” ,andwhenIaskedherwhenshewould,shelookedasthoughshewouldcry. oneday,uninvited,Iwenttoherhouse,climbedupthehill,andarestlessfeelinggrewwithinmeateverystep. ,quickly,inavoiceI dneverheardbefore,shesaid,“mymothersaysyoucan tcometomyhouseanymore.” Iopenedmymouth,;mysuspicionwasconfirmed; SincethatmeetingmargetandIdidnotspeaktoeachotheratall. onthelastdayofschool,gettingupastrangecourage,thenwithoutlookingup,wrotewordsIdon tremembernow;theywerequitecommonwords,thekindeveryonewaswritingineveryoneelse ,shepassedherbooktomeandinitIwrotewithaslow,lethergo,toldhernottoworry, 11 / 23 ,hisfriends,andhisincredibletorchrun ,however,believedthathewouldn “Hel lo!”“Hello!”wasallittookforRyanandmetobecomegreatfriends. ,“Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughgetgoing.”tothedeepestandmostpersonalextent. Thehighlightofourfriendshipcameinourjunioryear,whenRyanaskedmetohol,Ididn tknowwhattosay.“Whyme?”holdstheflagmustbesom eoneimportanttohim,andIwasimportanttohimbecauseIwasthe? onjunefifth,ItooktheflagandreachedRyan ,thestreetshadbegu!Ryan!Ryan!AllIcoulddowasnottocry. , ,!Hedeservedthismomentintime-ahistoricmomentthathewasapartofandallowedmetobeapartof,too. :love,enthusiasm, ,butwasfascinatedbymathematics,hisfamilymovedtoItaly,andfromtherehewenttoSwitzerlandtoattendapolytechnicschool. Aftergainingateachingqualificationfromthepolytechnic,“thoughtexperiments”thathecarriedoutinhisheadthatledtoanewunderstandingofspace,timeandgravity( 引12 / 23 力 ). In1905,whenhewastwenty-sixyearsold,calledthephotoelectriceffect(光电效应 ),hephotoelectriceffect. In1914,Einsteinbecameaprofessorofphysicsat,whowasjewish,hehadtoleaveGermanyandspenttherestofhislifeteachingintheUnitedStatesatPrincetonUniversity. Inthelongcourseofresearch,elieveorunderstandthem,andittookalongtimeforthemtobeaccepted. Einstein s( 核能 )andtheatomicbomb( 原子弹 ).However,Einsteinhimselfprotestedagainstnuclearweapons,andbecameinvolvedinthepeacemovementaftertheFirstWorldWar. ysicstoday. Apartfromhisscientificwork,helovedthecompanyofchildren. Althoughhewasoneofthegreatestscientistswhoeverlived,whenaskedtoenteranewspapercompetitiontowriteanarticleexplaininghowlightisbentbygravity,hejokedthatthecompetitionwasmuchtoodifficultforhimtoenter. ( 圣经 )“Whataboutfossils?”theyasked.“Whathashappened13 / 23 tothestrangecreatureswhichexistedsomanyyearsago?”theyasked. charlesDarwin(查尔斯 罗伯特 达尔文，英国生物学家，进化论奠基人 ),ayoungmanjustoutofuniversityin1831,;hereturnedinoctober1836. Darwinstudie,buttheshapeoftheirbeaks,longbefore,“thesurvivalofthefittest”henamed“naturalselection”.Darwincalledthisslowprocessofchange“evolution”.Itexplainswhymanykindsofcreature,whosefossilremains,arenolongeralive. By1846,le stheoryofcreationwaswrong,andhewasworriedabouttheangerandtroublestheywouldcause. Darwin(物种起源 ).(人类的由来 ),1871,(进化论 ),todaymostpeoplebelievethatDarwinwasright. Itiss,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice( 杂 交 水稻 )”,thedreamisthathecultivatesriceashugeaspeanuts,andfarmerscanhavearestinthecoolshadowofbigriceplants. ( 西南农业学14 / 23 院 )in1953,hebeganhisteachingcareeratanagricultureschoolandhassincedevotedhimselftoagriculturaleducationandresearch. ,hesucceededindevelopingtheworld ,whichhasestablishedchina spositionofworldleadershipinthisarea. TheUNFoodandAgricultureorganization(FAo)(联合国粮食与农业组织 )hasdecidedtogetinvolvedintheworkofspreadingthecoverageofyuan shigh-yieldhybridrice,whichitconsidersthebestwaytoincreasetheworld sgrainoutput. Inthefollowingyears,increasinggrainoutputofhybridricefurthershowedthesuccessofyuanLongpin nwithherlimitedcultivatedland. Thisbreakthroughinricecultivationhassignificant samazingachievementhaswonhimagreatmanyawardsandhonoursfromtheUnitedNationsandworldwide. However,evenwithsuchagreatachievement,yuanwon ,morepracticalthanthatofhisyouth,thatpopularizingthenewhybridricewithhigheryieldsaroundtheworldcaneliminatestarvationonEarth.“Ifthenewhybridriceweregrownintheworld sremainingfields,”saidthescientist. 15 / 23 Somepeopleestimateyuan tknowforsurehimself,forheseemstocarefornothingmorethanhisresearch. Inspiteofhisbusyresearchwork,yuanLongpinhasmanagedtokeepsomehobbiesinhissparetime, sthreeimportantlaws (1642 1727)(英国物理学家、天文学家和数学家，被公认为有史以来最伟大和影响最深远的科学家 ). NEWToN:INERTIA( 惯性定律 ) Newton sfirstlawofmotionseemssimple:objectsatresttendtoremainatrest,whilemovingonescontinuetomovea( 阻力 )tochangeiscalledinertia,anditexplainsalotofeverydayexperiencednomatterwhereyouhappentolive. oneisthatwhenthecarorairplaneyou reinbeginstomove,ittendstoremainatrestdespitet,whenyouwhirl( 迅速旋转 )somethingaroundyourhead-suchasaballonastring-andthenletitgo,(做大幅度弧线形运动的 )curve(曲线 ). NEWToN:F=mA Newton ssecondlawrelatestheamountofforceneededtomoveanobje16 / 23 cttotheobject smassandtitsacceleration(加速度 ). Pushachildinaswing,orrideaplanetaroundthesun,andyou reusingNewton ssecondlawofmotion,whichstatesthatwheneveryouwanttochangethespeedordirectionofsomething, sformulaallowsengineerstocalculatewhat srequiredtolaunchajetfighter( 喷 气 式 战 斗机 )fromanaircraftcarrier( 航 空 母舰 ),orhowstrongaseatbeltmustbetorestrain( 抑 制 ， 控制 ),say,a160-poundpersonwhenhiscarstopssuddenlywhiletravellingat60mph. NEWToN:EQUALANDoPPoSITE( 作用力与反作用力 ) Allobjects,movingoratrest,obeyNewton sthirdlawofmotion,whichholdsthatinnature,unaccompanied(无陪伴的 )forcesdonotexist. youcan ttakeastepwithoutapplyingNewton sthirdlaw,w,thegroundpushesbackwiththesameamountofforcepointedinprecisely( 精 确 地 ， 准 确 地 ),it stheforceexerted( 施加压力 )bythegroundthatpushesyoualong,nottheforceofyourfoot. Thatseemsodd,butit ( 无摩擦力17 / 23 的 )surfacesuchasanoilyfloor,orputonapairofrollerskates( 四 轮 旱 冰鞋 ).,buttheoilorskateskeepthatforcefrombeingappliedtothefloor,sothereisnoopposite,:yourlegsandfeetmaystruggletomoveabout,butyoudon tmoveforward. (AdaptedfromoliverTwistcharlesDickens) ktoearntheirliving,andthattheyshouldbegiventhreemealsofthinsoupaday,withanoniontwiceaweekandhalfacakeonSundays. Theroom,inwhichtheboyswerefed,wasalargestonehall,themaster,assistedbyoneortwowomen,andnothingmore-exceptonpublicholidays,;andwhentheyhadperformedthisoperation,theywouldsitstaringatthehugepot,asiftheycouldhaveeatenthat,too. oliverTwistandhiscompanionssufferedterriblehungerinsilenceforthreemonths;sodesperatedidtheybecomeintheendthatoneboy,whowastallforhisage,toldtheothersthatunlesshehadanotherbowlofsoupeveryday,hungryeye,;voteswerecast,anditfelltooliverTwisttowalkuptothemasteraftersupperthatevening,andaskformore. Theeveningarrived;,inhiscook suniform,stoodbesidethehugepotwithhistwoassistantsb18 / 23 ehindhim;theboyswhisperedtoeachother,advancingtothemaster,bowlinhand,said. “Please,sir,Iwantsomemore.” Themasterwasafat,healthyman; “What!”hesaidfinallyinafaintvoice. “Please,sir,”repliedoliver,“Iwantsomemore.” Themasteraimedablowatoliver sheadwithhisbigspoon,seizedhimtightlyinhisarms, ,hearingthecryandlearningthecauseofit,rushedintotheroomwheremembersoftheboardweremeetingand,addressingthegentlemanattheheadofthetable,said,“,Ibegyourpardon,sir!oliverTwisthasaskedformore.” “Formore!”“Becalm, ,afterhehadeatenthesuppergivenbytheboard?” “Hedid,sir,”repliedBumble. “Thatboywillbehanged,”saidoneofthegentlemenontheboard.“Iknowthatboywillbehangedoneday.” ,offeringarewardoffivepoundstoanybodywhowouldtakeoliverTwistawayfromtheworkhouse. What 19 / 23 saclassic?Itcanbeputinthefollowingway:Whenyourereadaclassic,youdonotseemoreinthebookthanyoudidbefore;youseemoreinyouthanyoudidbefore. Inschool,welearntohatetoreadthethingsworthreadingmost! Ithashappenedtousall-withassignmentreading!(匹克威克外传 ).Ididn tcancomefromgettingneartothosefewbookscalledthe“classics”. Icomebacktothisquestion:Whatisaclassic?Aclassicisabookthatgivesyouwonderfulfeelings,abookthatmenandwomenallovertheworldwanttokeepalltheirlives. , ,under100makeupthesolidcore. Whyshouldyoureadtheclassics?Whyshouldyoutrytoenjoythem? Isuggestthreereasons: ,yourworld,yourself. ,onceyougodeepintoit,liftsyouuphigh! Whenyoureadclassics,don ! 20 / 23 llfindyourselfenlightenedbythethoughtsandobservationsofthemostgiftedwritersinhistory. andunderstandyourself. ?(AdaptedfromThePrinceandthePaupermarkTwain) Byatwistoffate,Tom,apauper,wasmistakenforEdwardTudor, sfatherdied,Tomwasmadethenew“king”. oneday, “yourmajesty,theymusthavebeenpractisingwitchcraft.” ,tosatisfyhiscuriosity,heasked: “Whereandwhenwast hiscommitted?” “onemidnight,inDecember -inaruinedchurch,yourmajesty.” “Whowaspresent?” “onlythesetwo,yourmajesty.” “Havetheyconfessed?” “No,theydenyit.” “Thenhowwasthiscrimeknown?” “certainwitnesssawthemthere,yourmajesty,” “Thissoundsveryseriousi ndeed.”Tomthoughtaboutthisinformationforawhile,andthenheasked:“Didthisw