英语教育本科毕业论文-英语词汇的记忆方法以及对其有效教学的方法.doc

江苏教育学院外语系本科生毕业论文本科毕业论文 学号：1120410023 英语词汇的记忆方法以及对其有效教学的方法学 院 名 称： 江苏教育学院 专 业 名 称： 英语教育 年 级 班 别： 11级英语教育转本 (1)班 姓 名： 指 导 教 师： 2012 年 10 月The Memorizing and the Some Efficient Teaching Methods of English VocabulariesA Dissertation Submittedto School of Foreign Languages Nanjing Normal University Taizhou Collegein Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree of Bachelor of ArtsByGuo MoumouSupervisor：Li MoumouOctober 13, 2012ivAcknowledgementsI want to express my appreciation to many who supported my efforts in writing this dissertation during past few months.I am greatly indebted to Prof. , who.Hearty thanks should also be given to .Special thanks should be extended to , and , who .摘要如今，记忆英语词汇的训练，在英语教学中起着非常重要的作用。作为学习英语的一个重要组成部分，英语词汇记忆的效率应被给予足够的重视。词汇是语言的基础。除非掌握了词汇的基础你不可能在学习英语或其他语言中取得进展。根据这一现状，对于语言学习者来说，记忆词汇是非常重要的。这也反映了语言学习能力训练的重要性。然而，许多英语学习者抱怨说他们不记得词汇。为了发展学生们学习英语能力，应该改变他们不好的记忆习惯并且做一些练习。只有这样，他们的英语学习能力才会得到提高。本文涉及现有记忆英语词汇的问题，并提出一些有效的记忆英语词汇的教学方法。关键词：方法；记忆；英语词汇Abstract Nowadays, the training of memorizing English vocabulary plays a very important role in English teaching. As an important component of learning English, the efficiency of memorizing English vocabulary should be given adequate attention. Vocabulary is the foundation of a language. You cannot make progress in learning English or another language until the fundamentals of vocabulary are mastered. According to this present situation, it is of great importance for a language learner to memorize vocabulary and it also reflects the importance of training of language learning ability. However, many English learners complain that they can not remember the words. In order to develop their English learning ability, students should change their bad words memorizing habits and do some exercises, only in this way can their English learning ability be improved. This dissertation deals with the problems existing in memorizing English vocabulary and recommending some efficient teaching methods of memorizing English vocabulary. Keywords : methods; memorize; English vocabularyContents1. Introduction12. The Importance of English vocabulary Learning.12.1 The present situation of students learning vocabulary.12.2 The importance of English vocabulary learning.2 3. The Introduction of Schools of Words Memorizing Methods.33.1 Phonetic school.33.2 Morphology school.63.3 Syntax school.104. Some Efficient Teaching Methods for Memorizing English Vocabulary.114.1 Classifying memorization.124.2 Association.124.3 Learning word formation.135. Conclusion.16References.17江苏教育学院本科生毕业论文1. Introduction Its very important for students to learn English vocabulary, and even it can decide success or failure of the English learning. According to my suggestions, I analyse the conditions and the existing problems, and put forward some suggestions of memorizing English vocabulary. Vocabulary is one of the basic elements that form a language. People often compare vocabulary to bricks and tiles of the language building. It is impossible for us to build high buildings without them. There is no language without vocabulary. Whats more,we have to take all kinds of exams. So we cant go without vocabulary. As we can see often, in learning practice, some students always complain that they can not remember the words, so that they can not increase their reading rate or forget the words when they begin to write, not knowing how to spell or to use them. What is the way out? In addition to hard work, we should master some studying methods. In order to improve their learning ability, we should search for an effective way. Hence, I try to introduce some methods of memorizing vocabulary.The dissertation is divided into three parts.Part one The importance of English vocabulary learning Part two The introduction of schools of words memorizing methods Part three Some efficient teaching methods of memorizing English vocabulary2. The Importance of English vocabulary Learning2.1 The present situation of students learning vocabularyNowadays, the vocabulary teaching of English has become more and more important. According to students synthesis reactions, vocabulary learning problems cannot be ignored. Students are afraid of memorizing vocabulary, they often show little interest in doing that. It mainly displays in the following respects:2.1.1 poor ability to learn vocabularyMost of the students usually memorize words by repeating many times to strengthen their abilities to learn English vocabulary. They mainly depend on mechanical memorizing. This method is dull in style and tedious in content. Its very low in efficiency. Their ways to learn English are simple, therefore it is quite easy for many students to forget what they have learned. As a result, they begin to doubt their own abilities, and at last they have to give up learning.2.1.2 The monotony of the present teaching Most Chinese students have been learning for at least 6 years from their junior high school, but they are still not able to express themselves adequately and fluently in English or understand easily what people say. The problem may lie in the traditional teaching method. e.g.: In a typical Chinese classroom, what students did first of all was to follow the teacher to read new words and expressions by repeating again and again. Then the teacher explained the new words one by one, until students felt bored and exhausted. In order to expand their vocabulary, students spent much time repeating and reciting words without knowing clearly how to use them correctly in practice. Many of them could read and understand English, but found it difficult to speak and listen to it. Students are in a passive situation. With the teacher as the center, students can only understand the teaching material. The student fails to get good training. In fact, the teaching method of bondage have affect students thinking in English. So their vocabulary learning will not be improved. Currently, in teaching English, teachers teach words no more than explaining their meanings.Teachers are not spectators when memorizing words; instead, they will be guides. Classic memory methods are not rare to see around us, and teachers should analyse them and provide students a totally new way to memorize words.2.2 The importance of English vocabulary learningIt is well-known that it is very important to increase English vocabulary and improve the capability of using vocabulary correctly in a very short time. As the smallest unit in English leaning, word acquisition is the most basic, decisive yet difficult part. The amount of words directly influences the result of English learning in that it cant be eliminated at all. If attention is not sincerely paid to words learning, its impossible for us to acquire nice English ability.Nowadays, English is used widely in the world. Both the teachers and the students believe that vocabulary is an important and a difficult breakout. Vocabulary has been a bottle neck for most of students. Experienced teachers of English always tell their students the importance of vocabulary. The students are requested to learn thousands of words. Up to now both teachers and most students agree on the importance of the vocabulary. Because of the importance of vocabulary learning, our education should emphasize it. Therefore, vocabulary teaching and learning strategies are necessary and important.3. The Introduction of Schools of Words Memorizing Methods No sooner than had I started my college life, I began to collect different methods of memorizing English vocabulary. The most famous ones are Spark English, Wang Changxi English, Wang Maimai series, etc. Methods wielding in certain community are also included, e.g. Crazy English, No-book English, New Concept English and so on. All these methods have its peculiarities; however, it does not necessary mean they cant be melt together. In fact, some common ground can be found through these methods, at which we can continue our study. And here, I will make a brief introduction of different schools.3.1 Phonetic school The main feature of this school is its emphasis on pronouncing, speaking, listening, and it focuses on foundations and context. Crazy English, Crazy English magazine, No-book English, etc are representatives of this school. This school has the following characteristics: 1) Listening English is intimately connected with Speaking English, and these two ability is the foundation of learning English well. At this point, No-book English wants to establish an English environment by tapes and video CD. It declaims that lazy men also can learn English if its method is followed. During its continuous listening and speaking, a words pronunciation, meaning, direction will be well acquired. After that, No-book English asks learners to repeat and speak following the tape, then words are memorized. During the process of listening and speaking, foundations and context are naturally focused, and the overall English ability is promoted. But it has obvious disadvantages in that it is very costly , inefficient, and not effective. This method is suitable for those English language lovers. To college students, its just an assistant method. 2) It emphasizes on the training of pronunciation, and a great repetitions are needed in order to master words. Many experts have been repeatedly emphasizing the importance of pronunciation and repetitions. It seems that Crazy English has achieved this goal. Crazy English asks learners to pronounce words very loudly, even a “crazy” emotion is wanted. Thats also the derivation of the name “Crazy English”, and Li Yang holds this idea very firmly. Crazy English claims “English ability is not gained by speaking, but by shouting”, which is the most outstanding feature of Crazy English. In the process of repeating words and sentences, the functions of eyes, ears, mouth, hands are sufficiently activated; hence the purpose of the profound memory of English words can be achieved. Experts advise learners to pronounce out, and it can lead to several good results. Except for the words memorizing itself, the listening ability is also developed. As a matter of fact, this stratagem is possible. Most words are pronouncing regularly, and by its right phonetic pronunciation, we can spell the word correctly. Its a wielding of mechanism memory system in our brain, hence the target wont be forgotten and English ability can be greatly promoted. The disadvantages of it are its long cycle, a big devotion of energy, and its very low in efficiency. This method is best for those who want to learn English step by step. 3) Homonym, echoic and associations are widely used. The words with the same pronunciation are probably associated to some interesting memory method. By these associations we can carve the words in our brain, for example:Beijing Teachers University, Zhu Ronghai, Homonym Memorizing Method quaff n/v. 痛饮，畅饮 quaff音“夸父”夸父追日，渴极痛饮 hyphen n. 连字号“-” hyphen音“还分”还分着呢，快用连字号连起来吧 pariah n. 贱民 pariah 音“泼赖”泼赖和贱民有些联系吧 pectoral adj. 胸部的 pectoral音“拍可疼呢”胸部被拍当然疼了 Beijing Foreign Language University, Liu Bin, Echoic Memorizing Method giggle 咯咯笑 moo 牛哞 quack 嘎嘎 hum 嗡嗡 ding-dong 叮咚 sizzle 嘶嘶 bake （焙烤，烤）焙烤 bind/bound （装订，绑）绑 chart （图表）插图 pal （同伴，伙伴）伴 wither （枯萎）萎缩 conquer （征服，战胜）攻克 murmur （低语）默默 These are typically instant and smart memorizing methods. Homonym, echoic and associations are used for creating an interesting connection to the original word. By this way words can be memorized very quickly and deeply, but its just an assistant way for us to learn English because there are not too many English words can be used by this way. 4)Memorize words through practical usage. The method asks learners to speak English more, attend English Corner, and communicate with foreigners. In a word, experts believe only by practical use can words be really memorized. But this idea is under controversial. By linguistics we know 2000-3000 words are enough if we want to freely communicate. More precisely speaking, 1000 words are enough if we just want to make ourselves understood. In the practical use we can just meet a few new words, which are not enough for our English learning. Therefore, the feasibility of this approach is debatable. 3.2 Morphology school This school is most influential and extending in power. This school focuses on affix and root, and combination and association are always used. A short, easy word will form a long, difficult word, thats what this school is doing. The most famous members are Spark English, Lightening English, Wang Maimai English, etc. Three major features are known towards this school: 1) Affix is the most important bound morpheme in word learning, and no other one will be more effective. Obviously the method that a short, easy word can be changed into a long, difficult word is easily to be accepted. On contrary to the mechanism memory system, this method wields the logical memory system. So this method is really a ideal one, and it can be used in our practical words acquiring. 2) Make changes to short words in order to form new words, its a complement to the first idea. We can add affix or letter to the right, left, above, below the words. New words will be formed and its easy to be remembered, e.g.:Qinghua University, Song Huabiao, Movement Words Memorizing Methoda. left movementcredit 相信，荣誉，存款accredit 相信，把归咎于disaccredit 对不再信任ere 在以前here 在这里where 在哪里anywhere 无论在哪里order 秩序，制度，阶层border 边沿，边界conditional 有条件的unconditional 无条件的b. right movementcamp 野营campus 校园，学校场地cell 小房间cellar 地下室，酒窖aver 断言，主张，证明average 平均数，平均为temper 使回火，调和temperature 温度，体温c. upward movementdwindle 缩小swindle 骗取d. downward movementculture 文化vulture 秃鹰e. upward and downward movementgarble 断章取义marble 大理石warble （鸟）啭鸣f. all direction movementcarpet地毯pet宠物peter逐渐消失spot斑点pot锅porter陶工Input输入put放pure纯净的 As we can see, this method enlarges the scope of affix and root. By this idea words will become more systematical and easy to be remembered. It is a good method we should master. 3) Interesting morphology associationsBy word itself we can associate with many things, which may be very interesting and pleasure to mind, here are some examples:Beijing Teachers University, Zhang Ji, Morphological Transmitting Words Memorizing Methodarrest(拘捕) 一个人让他歇着去吧assassin(暗杀者) 含有两个ass(蠢驴，笨蛋)和sin(罪恶)，表明只有这样的蠢驴才犯罪bonus(奖金) 英语中说bon(好)，汉语也说“棒”，也有好的意思。us(我们)那么bonus，就是给我们好处Campus(校园)里含有camp(驻扎，露营)和us(我们)，当然是学生和老师驻扎的地方了Beijing Foreign Language University, Liu Jie, Interesting Memorizing Method蛾子（moth）每个月（month）要吃掉一扇门（n）month-n=moth生态环境（niche）需要加入好的（nice）呵护（h）nice+h=nicheexempt: exe这是执行文件的缩写mpt当然是mp three(mp3)的缩写了执行mp3文件当然免除了诸如买磁带，CD的麻烦了Beijing Foreign Language University, Xu Chunxin, 360Words Memorizing Methoddeer（鹿)reed（芦苇） 芦苇中有一只鹿door（门）rood（十字架） 门上定着十字架evil（邪恶的）live（住） 邪恶的魔鬼住在地狱里meet（遇见）teem（充满） 老乡见老乡，两眼泪汪汪tops （顶）spot（地点，目的） 我要到达的地点是山顶3.3 Syntax school This school emphases the function of sentence when we want to memorize words. By a whole sentence we can easily get the information of context and situation. Based on that words can be memorized easily as an element of a meaningful sentence, hence we know how to direct them. Crazy English, New Concept English, Humin Story English are representatives of this school. The major features are: 1) Only when we understand a whole sentence can we comprehend a word correctly. A words pronunciation, meaning and direction will be well memorized in a sentence. Just as Crazy English insists that sentence is the smallest unit when we want to learn English, and only in this way can we really declaim that we know a word. This method will develop the overall English ability. But this method has a severe disadvantage, which will cost learners a great amount of time and energy, and very low in efficiency. This method is suitable for basic English teaching.2) By logical connection we can remember words in a sentence, which is different from the first point. As we know, a sentence can line up several new words. If a sentence is easily enough to be remembered, it also means the words will be easily memorized. It represents the logical memory system in our brain, and GRE Mahu English is the deputy of this method. When we use this method, a very interesting feeling will arise in our mind, e.g.:abandon v. 放弃，抛弃abashed adj. 局促不安的，羞愧的abate v. 减少abbreviate v. 缩写，缩短，使简略abdicate v. 放弃权利abduct v. 绑架，诱拐abhor v. 憎恶abhorrent adj. 可恶的，可恨的abide v. 遵守；忍受ability n. 能力 韦小宝决定abdicate自己的鹿鼎公的爵位, abide和小玄子的约定, abate和小玄子以及天地会的矛盾, abide 孤独离开京城, 然而abhorrent胖头陀趁机abduct了双儿, abashed的韦小宝abhor别人胁迫自己, 决定暂时abandon自己的想法, 利用天地会的的ability调查双儿的下落, abbreviate 寻找时间。 The disadvantage of this method is that when memorizing the impression is not that deep and profound. And we should memorize the story itself, which is an extra burd