使役动词讲解与练习.doc

日骋教育教辅讲义学生姓名：就读学校：教材版本：总课次：任课教师：敖财芹补习科目：课程分班：上课时间：2016/12/3课题： 使役动词的用法及练习 英语中具有使役意义的动词较多,跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念.通常我们说使役动词,指的是make,have,let这三个动词,它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to的特定用法.但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些,用法也较灵活,现将其分类叙述如下,以饷读者.(注：英语动词意义丰富,在此仅限于“使役”意义.)1使役动词have,let,make（常用于复合结构）1.1have的用法1).have+宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.而且还可以与情态动词will,would连用,不用于被动结构.Therichladyhadthesingereatwithhisservants.Iwillhavehimcomeandhelpyou.2).have+宾语+现在分词：表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系.亦可转化为“劝说,鼓励”宾语干某事.Thetwocheatshadthelightsburningallnightlong.Hehaduswaitingforhimthreehoursyesterday.IhavethemalltalkingtoeachotherinEnglish.我鼓励他们用英语交谈.3).have+宾语+过去分词：表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系.还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事.TomsaidhehadhadhisTVsetrepaired.Tomhadhiswalletstolenonthebusyesterday.“别人”在句中一般不出现,这是它与结构1）的区别所在.试比较：Haveyouwashedyourclothes?你洗了衣服了吗?（自己洗）Haveyouhadyourclotheswashed?你叫人洗了衣服了吗?（别人洗）4).have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补Pleasehaveyourticketsready.TheEmperorhadnothingon.IamsureIllhavehimintheargument.1.2 let的用法1).let+宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系,罕用于被动语态.有时也可指一种假设.let后不能接现在分词,过去分词作宾补.Letthemstayintheclassroomanddotheirexercisesthemselves.LetABbeequaltoCD.假设AB等于CD.2).let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补Letmeinandletthemout.Wholetyouintothebuilding?3make的用法1).make+宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.此结构常用被动结构.make后不接现在分词作宾补.Theteachermadethenaughtyboystandthereforanhour.Thenaughtyboywasmadetostandthereforanhour.2).make+宾语+过去分词,此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词.Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.CanyoueasilymakeyourselfunderstoodinEnglish?Theywillmakeanimportantplanknowntothepublicsoon.3).make+宾语+形容词,宾语亦可是从句.Thenewsmadeherhappy.Hemadeitclearthatheobjectedtotheproposal.2“半使役动词”amaze,astonish等“半使役动词”在英语语法上还是一个没有被认同的概念或术语,而只是认可了其v-ing形式和v-ed形式作为形容词使用.但这类词汇数量较大,使用频率高,业已成为学习和考查中的重点,难点,易混易错点,而且在教学一线已经广泛地被教师和学生所接受.半使役动词之所以得名,一则它们的意义都有“使某人感到”,再则是为了与具有特殊用法的使役动词let,have,make等区别开来.2.4常见的半使役动词amaze（使某人感到惊呀）,astonish（使某人感到惊奇）,bore（使某人感到厌倦）,complicate（使某人感到复杂）,confuse（使某人感到迷惑）,disappoint（使某人感到失望）,delight（使某人感到高兴）,discourage（使某人感到气馁）,distinguish（使某人感到显著）,excite（使某人感到兴奋）,encourage（使某人感到鼓舞）,exhaust（使某人感到疲倦）,frighten（使某人感到恐惧）,interest（使某人感到有趣）,inspire（使某人感到刺激）,move（使某人感到激动）,please（使某人感到高兴）,puzzle（使某人感到不解）,satisfy（使某人感到满意）,surprise（使某人感到惊异）,shock（使某人感到震惊）,strike（使某人感到震动）,tire（使某人感到疲惫）,upset（使某人感到迷惑不解）,等等.2.2半使役动词的主动式用法：something+Vt.+somebody如：Whatsurprisedhimmostwasherbravery.HisbravedeedsmovedChina.Theexamresultsatisfiedhisparents.Theboysbehaviorupseteverybodyaround.2.3半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词,一个加-ing,一个加-ed,有时还有一个加其他后缀构成如：interest-interesting,interested;astonish-astonishing,astonished;please-pleasing,pleased,pleasant;satisfy-satisfying,satisfied,satisfactory.2.4半使役动词的v-ing和v-ed两个分词形容词的用法也有规律一般而言,作定语时,v-ing分词形容词修饰事物,v-ed分词形容词修饰人或者人的心理活动,表情等；作表语或宾语补足语时,v-ing分词形容词指事；v-ed分词形容词指人或拟人用法.而且作表语的v-ed分词后接事时常有一个介词.如：Thefilmwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.Wewereallinterestedinthefilm.Thefrighteninghurricanemadethegirlveryfrightened.Theteacherwassatisfiedwiththeanswerofhisstudents.3使役意义状态动词get,leave,set,send,keep,drive,etc.常用于复合结构中3.1get使成为/变得某种状态或结果（get的用法跟have很接近）Icantgettheoldradiotowork.我无法让那旧收音机工作起来.（接带to不定式作宾补）Canyoureallygetthatoldcargoingagain?你真能让那旧车运转起来吗?Thefarmergothisplantingdonebeforetheraincame.那农民在雨季前完成了种植.Hegothiswristbroken.他折断了手腕.（主语发生了不幸的事）Shesoongotthechildrenreadyforschool.她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备.3.2leave使保持/处于某种状态Leaveyourhatandcoatinthehall.把帽子和外套放在大厅里.Didyouleavethedoorsandwindowsfirmlyfastened?你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?Alwaysleavethingswhereyoucanfindthemagain.总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方.Wholeftthatwindowopen?谁让窗户开着?Dontleavehimwaitingoutsideintherain.别让他在外面雨中等待.Leavesb/sthalone.不要干涉某人或某事.Leavewellalone.事情已经够好了,不要再去管它了./不要画蛇添足.3.3set使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系setsomebodyathisease使某人安逸/舒适/心情放松setsomethinginorder使某物井然有序setsomebodyfree/atliberty使某人获得自由,释放（犯人等）Itstimewesetthemachinegoing.是我们发动机器的时候了.Thenewssetmethinking.这消息使我陷入了沉思.Hesetthefarmlaborertochopwood.他让农场工人去砍伐木材.IhavesetmyselftofinishthejobbytheendofMay.我决心于五月底前完成那工作.setathieftocatchathief.以毒攻毒；令贼捉贼3.4send使某人或某物急剧地移动Theearthquakesentthecrockeryandcutlerycrashingtotheground.地震将杯盘刀叉震落在地上.Mindhowyougo-younearlysentmeflying.小心点,你差点将我撞飞了.Sendthatfellowabouthisbusiness/packing.叫那家伙滚蛋.Thegoodharvestsentthepricesdown.丰收使物价下跌.3.5drive使某人处于某状态,迫使某人做某事Failuredrovehimtodespair/desperation.失败使他绝望.Youlldrivememad/tomywitsend.你会把我气疯的./你会使我穷尽应付的.Hungerdrovehimtosteal.=Hewasdrivenbyhungertosteal.他为饥饿所迫而偷窃.3.6keep使某人或某物保持某种状态Youshouldkeepthechildrenquiet.你要使孩子们静下来.Thecoldweatherkeptusindoors.寒冷的天气使我们待在家里.Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets.如果你手冷,把它们放在口袋里.Willtheykeepmeinprison/custody.他们会监禁/拘留我吗?ImsorryIvekeptyouwaiting.很报歉让你久等了.Thedoctorsmanagedtokeepmegoing.医生们设法让我活下去.4使役意义动态动词4.1cause致使,导致（能接直接宾语,双宾语,复合宾语）Whatcausedhisdeath?什么导致了他的死亡?Thishascausedusmuchanxiety.这给我们带来了极大的忧虑.Whatcausedtheplantstodie.（=whatmadethemdie.）什么使得这些植物枯死.Hecausedtheprisonertobeputtodeath.(=hehadthemputtodeath.)他使得这些犯人被处死.4.2force迫使,强迫（宾语后常接介词短语、副词及不定式等）forceoneswaythroughacrowd从人群中挤出一条路来.forceawayin/out/through冲入/出/过forceanentryintoabuilding强行进入一建筑forcethewaruponhim强迫某人作战forcesomeoneintodoingsomething强迫某人做某事forcesb./oneselftoworkhard迫使某人/自己努力工作一、单项选择1Ihaveheardbothteachersandstudents_wellofhim.AtospeakBspokenCtohavespokenDspeak2Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman_anelectricfan.AinstallBtoinstallCtobeinstalledDinstalled3Theyllhaveyou_ifyoudontpayyourtaxes.AtobearrestedBarrestCarrestedDbeingarrested4Theyknowherverywell.Theyhadseenher_upAgrowBgrewCwasgrowingDtogrow5Isthisfridge _youwishtohave_?Atheone,itrepairedBthat,repaireditCtheone,repairedDwhich,repaired6Whenvisitingaforeigncountry,Isometimesfounditdifficult_.AmakingunderstandmeBtomakemyselfunderstoodCtomakemyselfunderstand7-Goodmorning,CanIhelpyou?-Idliketohavethispackage_，madamAbeweighedBtobeweighedCtoweighDweighed8Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldnotmakehimself_.AhearBhavingheardChearingDheard9Janewasmadeto_thetruckforaweekasapunishment.AtowashBwashingCtobewashingDwash10Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.AplayingBtobeplayingCplayDplaying11Thepoliceweretoldthatsomeboyswereseen_onthestreet.AplayingBtobeplayingCplayDtoplaying12Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.AtolearnBlearnClearnedDlearning13.Ellenwasabsentthismorning,shehadherteeth_.AfillingBfilledCtofillDfill14Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextdoor.AcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryout15Ifyouwanttobuyanexpensivecamera,wehaveseveralmodels_.AtobechosenBtochoosefromCtochooseDforchoosing16Theexaminermadeus_ouridentificationinordertobeadmittedtothetextcenter.AshowingBshowCshowedDtoshow17Weweretoldtohaveourreadingroom_afterschool.AcleanBtocleanCcleaningDcleaned18Theymadeafire_uptheroom,assoonastheirleadercameback.AwarmBwarmedCtowarmDwarming19Ioftennoticedtheboy_schoolaloneverysoon.AleaveBleftCleavingDtonotice20.Thepeoplesgovernmentdoesitbesttohavingthelivingstandardofthepeople_.ArisenBraiseCriseDraised21-Yourbrotherlookstired,Whatswrongwithhim?-Well,thatsbecausehisbosshadhim_allday.AworksBtoworkCworkingDworked22.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish_inashortperiod.AimprovedBimprovingCtoimproveDimprove23Didyounoticethelittleboy_away?AtookthecandyandrunBtakingthecandyandrunCtakethecandyandrunDwhentakingan