电信运营商通信网络架构培训.ppt

电信运营商通信网络概览,6/2/2016,1,前世、今生与演进,目录 全业务通信网络架构 无线接入网络（移动通信网络） 有线接入网络（固网语音宽带） 传送网（传输网） IP宽带数据网（IP数据承载网） 网管系统（OSS） Q&A,6/2/2016,2,电信运营商全业务通信网络架构（IP化）,6/2/2016,3,Fixed and Mobile accesses integrated for maximal service mobility and optimized network use,WiMax,Mobile Access HSPA LTE,Fixed Wireless Access,Access接入网,Fixed Access,GPON,Fixed Line,xDSL,WLAN,6/2/2016,4,Intelligent multi-access edge providing mobility and QoS,Multi Access Edge多业务接入边缘,IP session control,Edge Routing,Policy Control,Deep-packet inspection,Security,Media Gating,Mobility,Charging Control,Access interworking,QoS enforcement,Subscriber Access Management,6/2/2016,5,Reachability for end-to-end connectivity,Standard Services/IMS 核心网电信网 络业务控制,Multimedia session control,Authentication,Softswitch,Identy management,Push to talk,Multimedia telephony,Messaging,Presence,IP address allocation,6/2/2016,6,Part of Operators Multimedia Offering,Service Layer业务网,IPTV,Mobile TV,3rd party services,Customized applications,HDTV VOD,VoIP,Advertising,Middleware,6/2/2016,7,Cost per Bit Optimization with Common Transport,Transport (Optical and IP/Ethernet),传输+IP承载网,Carrier Ethernet,NextGen SDH,CWDM/ DWDM,OTN,Microwave,PTN,Multicast,Routing,VPN,6/2/2016,8,Integrated Network and Element Mgmt Systems,End to End Management网络管理系统,Reporting,Fault Mgm,Inventory Mgm,Trouble Mgm,Performance Mgm,Service Management Network Management,6/2/2016,9,6/2/2016,10,Protocol Stacks - OSI & TCP/IP,OSI Stack,TCP/IP,网络接入层最常用的二层技术为以太网,IEEE 802.x,Internetworking Logical Link Control (LLC) CSMACD Token Bus Token Ring Metropolitan Area Networks,6/2/2016,11,Broadband Tech Advisory Group Fiber Optic Tech Advisory Group Integrated Voice&Data Networks Network Security Wireless Networks Demand Priority Access LANs,What is high availability in Telecom network?-99.999%,DPMDefects per Million,“High Availability”,6/2/2016,12,电信网络对同步有严格要求(3G为例） （信号传输与计费）,Iub,CN,RNC,Node B,UE,Iu,Uu,网络同步,节点同步,帧同步,无线接口同步,6/2/2016,13,频率同步和时间同步的区别,时间同步：两个表每时每刻的时间都保持一致;,频率同步：两个表的时间不一样，保持一个恒定的差,6/2/2016,14,RAN对同步的需求,GSM/WCDMA采用异步基站技术，此时只需要做频率同步，精度要求0.05ppm （或者50ppb） TD-SCDMA/CDMA2000采用同步基站技术，除了频率同步外，还需做时钟相位 同步（等效于时间同步），目前主要采用基站GPS解决,6/2/2016,15,目录 全业务通信网络架构 无线接入网络（移动通信网络） 有线接入网络（固网语音宽带） 传送网（传输网） IP宽带数据网（IP数据承载网） 网管系统（OSS） Q&A,6/2/2016,16,Wireless Access,6/2/2016,17,6/2/2016,18,The Main Cellular Standards (1/2),The Main Cellular Standards (2/2),6/2/2016,20,2G-GSM(Global System for Mobile) Wireless Access,6/2/2016,21,GSM Recommendations(ETSI),GSM Network System Mode,SGSN,GGSN,GMSC,PSTN ISDN PLMN,RBSs,SDH Network,IP Backbone,OSS,PCU,BSC/TRC,STM/TDM Based,Transit Network,HLR AuC EIR,MMS MPS FNR ILR SDP SCP,BGW,SOG,Internet Intranet,MSC/VLR,6/2/2016,22,Ranges for Different Types of MS,6/2/2016,23,A Cell小区,Cell,6/2/2016,24,MSC Service Area,cell 6,cell 1 cell 5,cell 4 cell 2 cell 3,MSC,LA1,6/2/2016,25,LA3,LA5,LA4,VLR,Relation Between Areas in GSM,GSM Service Area,PLMN Service Area (one per operator),MSC Service Area Location Area Cell,6/2/2016,26,LEGEND,MSC Boundary BSC Boundary PCM Links Base Station,PSTN,MSC Service Area 2,MSC Service Area 1,MSC/VLR 2,BSC 1C,BSC 2B,BSC 1A,BSC 2A,BSC 2C,BSC 1B,HLR,EIR,AUC,GMSC,MSC/VLR 1,Network Hardware Example View,6/2/2016,27,Network Logical Example View,LA 1-B,LA 1-A,LA 2-D,LA 2-A,Cell 2-A-25,LA 2-B,LEGEND,MSC Boundary BSC Boundary PCM Links Base Station,LA 2-C,HLR,MSC/VLR 1,MSC Service Area 2,MSC Service Area 1,MSC/VLR 2,6/2/2016,28,Roaming漫游,MSC/ VLR,MSC/ VLR,LA 1,LA 2,HPLMN,6/2/2016,29,VPLMN,Uplink and Downlink on a Radio Channel,UPLINK,6/2/2016,30,DOWNLINK,双工的通信模式FDD/TDD, FDD的双向通道，是两个频段，所以叫做频分双工，FDD模式的特点是 上下行频率分离在两个对称频率信道上，系统进行接收和传送，用保 护频段来分离接收和传送信道。 TDD的双向通道在同一个频点上，但一个时段接收，下一个时段发出， 所以叫做时分双工，速度越快，衰落变换频率越高，衰落深度越深， 因此必须要求移动速度不能太高。,6/2/2016,31,GSM FDD Duplex Distance,MHz 890 Duplex Distance (45 MHz),960,915,935,Bandwidth (2 x 25 MHz),6/2/2016,32,GSM Frequency Bands,GSM 450 ,(450.4 457.6 and 460.4- 467.6), Totally 7 MHz (478.8 486.0 and488.8 496.0) Not targeted at this time,GSM 800 ,(824-849 and 869-894), Totally 25 MHz,GHz,GSM 900,GSM 1800,GSM 1900,GSM,800,0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2,1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0,E-band,GSM 450, (P-) GSM 900, (890-915 and 935-960), Totally 25 MHz,E-GSM 900, (880-915 and 925-960), Totally 35 MHz, GSM 1800 ,(1710-1785 and 1805-1880), Totally 75 MHz, GSM 1900 ,(1850-1910 and 1930-1990), Total3l3y 60 MHz,6/2/2016,Carrier Separation,Carrier Separation (200 KHz),895.4,895.6,MHz,6/2/2016,34,TDMA Access method & Channel concept,Carrier Frequency,TDMA Frame,5 5 5 n n+1 n+2,n+x,Physical Channel,Logical Channel,TCH TCH,FACCH,TCH,5,TDMA Frame n,TDMA Frame n+1,TDMA Frame n+2,TDMA Frame n+x,6/2/2016,35,6/2/2016,36,3G Wireless Access,6/2/2016,37,3GPP Specification Codes (GSM & 3G),The evolution of mobile system,AMPS,TACS,NMT,others,1G 80s,Analog,2G 90s Digital,Demand driving,GSM,CDMA IS95,TDMA IS-136,PDC,3G IMT-2000,WCDMA,CDMA 2000,Demand driving,TD-SCDMA,Analog,Digital,Voice/data,Wideband,6/2/2016,38,Mobile Access Technology Evolution,6/2/2016,39,Multiple Access Approaches,Frequency Division Multiple Access,Each User has a unique frequency,(1 voice channel per user),All users transmit at the same time,AMPS, NMT, TACS,User,1,User,2,User,3,Frequency,Each Transmitter has a unique Scrambling Code,Each Data Channel has a unique Channelization code Many users share the same frequency and time,IS-95, cdma2000, WCDMA,Frequency,Code Division Multiple Access,Spread Spectrum Multiple Access,Multiple Transmitters and Multiple Data Channels,Each User has a unique time slot,Each Data Channel has a unique position within the time slot,Several users share the same frequency,IS-136, GSM, PDC,Time Division Multiple Access,User User User,1 2 3,User,N,Time,6/2/2016,40,6/2/2016,41,3G的三大主流技术标准比较,RBS,RNC,RNC,TEMS,Core Network,Iub RBS,RBS,Radio Access Network,Iub,Iu,Iur,Uu,RXI,OSS-RC,Mub,Mut,Mur,Mun,Other Management Systems,Mun,Network Management Environment,RNC Radio Network Controller RBS Radio Base Station OSS Operation Support System Radio Core TEMS TEMS Optimization Solution RXI Radio Access Network Aggregator,UE,Uu,WCDMA RAN Overview,6/2/2016,42,无线信号传输中的多径效应Rayleigh Fading,6/2/2016,43,The RAKE Receiver,C O M B I N E R,Searcher Finger Power measurements of neighbouring RBS,Sum of individual,multipath components,Finger #1,Finger #2,Finger #3,Finger #N,Buffer/dela yCorrelator s,6/2/2016,44,0,1,2, ,2,1,0,WCDMA Capacity Management Admission Control,Cell Load,Admission limit,RBS,6/2/2016,45,WCDMA Capacity Management Congestion Control,Congestion limit Cell Load,RBS,6/2/2016,46,WCDMA Handover,Soft,Hard,No shift in frequency,Connected to both base stations at same time,No break in connection,Shift in frequency,Cant simultaneously connect to both RBSs,Break in connection,6/2/2016,47,Soft/Softer Handover,Softer Handover, Sector-to-sector,Soft handover, cell-to-cell,6/2/2016,48,HSPA Evolution,Uplink 20-40 Mbps,Multi Carrier 12 Mbps 16QAM 5.8 Mbps 2 ms TTI 1.4 Mbps,0.4 Mbps,Downlink 3.6 Mbps 15 codes 14 Mbps,21 Mbps,28 Mbps,Multi Carrier 42 Mbps Multi Carrier 64QAM + MIMO Higher Modulation Combinations 80-160 Mbps,2x2 MIMO,64QAM,6/2/2016,49,IS-95A Voice Low speed data,IS-95B Voice Medium Speed Data,cdma2000 1X Voice Capacity Higher Speed Data Introduction of PCN,cdma2000 1xEvDo Phase 1 Data Optimized Dedicated-data carrier (overlay),cdma2000 1xEvDv Phase 2 Voice & Data Capacity Multi-service Advanced MAC Voice capacity doubles real time applications All in one-carrier,MAC support Voice Capacity doubles 2x battery life Packet data 144 kbps - 153 kbps,Performance enhancements & access robustness Packet Data with 64 kbps Circuit & Packet Data 9.6/14.4 kbps,Up to 2 Mbps data rate non-real time applications,2 (1.25 MHz) carriers requirement,cdmaOne Evolution to 3G (cdma2000),1996 1997 |-,1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Implementations -|- Planned Implementations -|,TD-SCDMA Standard History,TD-SCDMA提交到ITU TD-SCDMA在3GPP融合,98/06,99/12,00/05,01/03,ITU正式通过3G标准,TD-SCDMA写入3GPP R4,6/2/2016,51,TDD spectrum in China: 155 M,60 MHz,30 MHz,FDD TDD,100 MHz,15 MHz,40 MHz,155MHz,1785,1850,1755,1880,1920,1980,2010 2025,2110,2170,2200 2300,2400,Empty,Year 2002, MII allocate 155M for TD-SCDMA,6/2/2016,52,Based on TDMA/TDD principle. Employs a single carrier to both send and receive traffic to optimize the use of radio resources,TD-SCDMA Key Technique,U,上行,D,下行,未使用,TDD技术,智能天线,同步技术,动态信道分配,联合检测,接力切换,6/2/2016,53,TD-SCDMA:,时分双工和码分多址相结合,最多可达 16个码道, TD-SCDMA 特性,TDD的特性 CDMA的特性 扩频增益较低，内在抗噪能力 不如FDD系统,6/2/2016,54,TD-SCDMA与WCDMA/cdma2000同步的比较,PN4 PN1,GPS,PN5,PN3,PN6,PN7,PN2,SC4 SC1,SC5,SC3,SC6,SC7,SC2,同步小区 以同一PN序列的不同时移来区 分小区 系统实现简单， 易于实现切 换及小区搜索 整个系统的运行依赖于GPS,CDMA2000 WCDMA TD-SCDMA,异步小区 以不同的扰码来区分小区 避免了对GPS的依赖 小区搜索由SCH实现及切换需 要过程,SC4 SC1,SC5,SC3,SC6,SC7,SC2,同步小区 为了降低时隙间干扰并便 于终端对邻小区的测量， 需保证基站间一定同步精 度（相邻小区幀起始时间 差） 目前方案是每个基站配外 接参考时钟口（例如GPS）,GPS,6/2/2016,55,6/2/2016,56,2/3G Common Core Network,Circuit Switching,6/2/2016,57,Packet Switching,6/2/2016,58,GPRS network introduced PS domain in core network,Internet,ISP RADIUS MAIL WEB NEWS,SGSN,GGSN,ISP,GPRS IP Backbone Network,SGSN,GGSN,RADIUS,MAIL,WEB,NEWS,To,Gi,WCDMA RAN,GSM BSS,A-interface,6/2/2016,59,3GPP Releases,The,3GPP produces a complete set,of globally and Reports published in,applicable Technical Specifications for the UMTS standard. These are releases,R4 MSS, IP Core,R6 HSDPA P2, EUL P1, MBMS,R5 HSDPA P1, IMS,R99 1 3G networks,st,LTE/HSPA Evolved,6/2/2016,60,6/2/2016,61,3GPP REL-99,UTRAN introduction, new radio interface,Introduction of EDGE (EGPRS) Camel Phase 3 EMS, Enhanced SMS Text formatting (font, size, style), pictures, animations, sounds MMS introduced (mainly concept only) Location Services (LCS architecture defined),3GPP R99 Network Reference Model,Co-operating Networks,User Equipment Core Network,Radio Access Network,Note: Not all interfaces are shown and named,BSC,BTS,Um,Abis,BSS,HLR,EIR,AUC,GMSC,SGSN,SGSN,GGSN,IuCS,MSC/ VLR,IuPS,RNC,Node B,Uu,Iur,Iub,RNC,Node B,Iub,RNS,RNS,UTRAN,Iur,ME,Cu,or,SIM-ME i/f MS,USIM,SIM,ISDN PSTN PSPDN CSPDN PDN:,Intranet Extranet Internet,- X.25,SMS,MSC/ VLR,SCF,SIM ME SIM-ME i/f MS,6/2/2016,62,6/2/2016,63,3GPP R4,Mainly improvements and optimization First joint GSM-3GPP release Bearer Independent CS architecture Separation of transport and control in the CS core network (MSCserver, MGW) New Speech Coding Options TFO Tandem Free Operation TrFo Transcoder Free Operation OoBTC - Out of Band Transcoder Control Towards all IP architecture IP transport for core network protocols, SS7 over IP (Sigtran) Gb over IP (GERAN to SGSN interface) MMS improvements (significant enhancements) LCS improvements (mainly documentation re-org),3GPP R4 Network Reference Model,CC,AUC,SMS,Note:,Not all interfaces are,shown and named,AUC,Gn,SGSN,Gp,RNC,Node B,UTRAN,Iur,D C HSS (HLR),SGSN,Gn,Gi,Co-operating,Networks,User Equipment,Radio Access Network,Core Network,BTS,Um,Abis,BSS,F,EIR,A,GMSC,Server,Gf,Gs Gb,Gr,GGSN,Gd Gc,IuCS,MGW,H,IuPS,RNC,Node B,Uu,Iur,Iub,Iub,RNS,RNS,ME,Cu,or,SIM-ME i/f MS,USIM,SIM,ISDN PSTN PSPDN CSPDN PDN:,Intranet Extranet Internet,MSC/VLR,Server,SCF,ME,SIM-ME i/f,SIM,MS,MGW,MSC/VLR Server,Mc,Nb,Nc,MGW,Nb,Mc Nc,Mc,G E,T-,S G W,BSC,SMS,SCF,6/2/2016,64,6/2/2016,65,3GPP R5,HSDPA, The HSDPA technology significantly improves the UMTS downlink performance through techniques such as: adaptive modulation and coding Fast scheduling, channel quality feedback Fast retransmissions and improved error control Introduction of IMS 3GPP access only, PS domain only Towards all IP architecture IP transport in UTRAN With IP transport, layer 2 can now be ATM or Ethernet or other protocols Layer 2 no longer has to be ATM (before Rel5) Provides a more scalable and cost effective transport solution MSC and SGSN pool areas Camel Phase 4 EMS, MMS and LCS, further enhancements,TE,TE,MT,BSS/ GERAN,R,Um,MT,UTRAN,R,Uu,SGSN,GGSN,MGW,MGW,MSC server,GMSC server,HSS,EIR,CSCF,CSCF,MRF,MGCF,SGW,PSTN/ Legacy/ External,Other,PLMNs,SGSN,Applications & Services,Multimedia,IP Networks,Applications & Services,Other Access Networks,Signalling and/or data Signalling,I,u,Iu,Iu,Mc,Nb,Nc,MAP,Mh,MAP,Mc,Gi,Gp,Gn,Gf,Gr,Cx,CAP,Gc,Mr,Gi,Gi,Mc,Mm Gi,Mw,Nb,Mg,Circuit Switched Domain,IP Multimedia Domain,Packet Switched,Domain,3GPP R5 Network Reference Model,6/2/2016,66,ISUP,PSTN/PLMN,Networks,Corporate,TSC,CPE,BSC,GSM,PBX,Corporate,MMSC,MS SC,C,MSC,TDM,RNC,WCDMA,IP,TDM,ATM,TDM,Service Layer,M-MGw,MSC-S,MMSSCC-SS,MSC-S,MMSSCC-SS,IP BB,CSCF,IBG,MRFP,Other,IMS Networks,IP BB,ABGW,MGCF,M-MGw,IM-MGw,Overcome MSS / Monolithic overlay network through,migration to MSS with IP/MPLS as transport technology.,Phase out of monolithic nodes and replace capacity through fewer high capacity MSS nodes,Migrate classical PBX access to MSS,MSS target network evolution 1. Monolithic phase out and migrate to common core MSS,TDM,ISUP,BSC,GSM,TDM,RNC,WCDMA,ATM,TDM,Service Layer,M-MGw,MSC-S,MMSSCC-SS,MSC-S,MMSSCC-SS,IP BB,CSCF,IBG,Other,IMS Networks,IP BB,MGCF,M-MGw,IM-MGw,TDM,MSS target network evolution 2. Migrate Access interfaces to IP,Migrate Iu and A interface to IP,MRFP,IP,ABGW,PBX,CPE Corporate,Corporate,PSTN/PLMN Networks,ISUP,BSC,GSM,TDM,RNC,WCDMA,Service Layer,M-MGw,MSC-S,MMSSCC-SS,MSC-S,MMSSCC-SS,IP BB,CSCF,IBG,Other,IMS Networks,IP BB,MGCF,M-MGw,IM-MGw,TDM,MSS target network evolution 2. Migrate Access interfaces to IP,Migrate legacy PBX customers to IP PBX if legacy PBX reach EoL,MRFP,IP,ABGW,IPP-BPXBX,CPE Corporate,Corporate,PSTN/PLMN Networks,ISUP,BSC,GSM,TDM,IntReNgC rate MGCF and IBCF into MMSSC-CS-S,MRFP,IP,ABGW,IPP-BPXBX,CPE Corporate,Corporate,PSTN/PLMN Networks,WCDMA Deploy IPv6,Service Layer,M-MGw,MSC-S,MSC-S,MSC-S,MMSSCC-SS,IP BB,CSCF,IBG,Other,IMS Networks,IP BB,MGCF,M-MGw,IM-MGw,Integrate IM-MGw, MRFP and IBGF into M-MGw,MSS target network evolution