高考二轮复习之代词.ppt

高考英语复习语法 代词,一、代词的分类,二、代词的用法,（一）、人称代词的用法 比较状语从句中的人称代词 在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代替主格（尤其是其后跟有同位语all, both时），如 He is as old as I/me. Lucy is taller than us all. 但若可能引起误解，就不能用宾格代替主格 His wife likes the dog better than he. His wife likes the dog better than him. 2. 在强调句型中，如果强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格 It is she who is singing in the room. It was her that we met yesterday.,3. 人称代词的词序 单数：通常按you-she/he-I或是she-he-you-I排列 【注意】如果和比自己身份低的人或动物并排时，可把第一人称I放在前面 复数：通常按we-you-they排列 承认过失、表示不吉祥的事或有不好的意思时，单数按I-he/she-you人称排列，复数按we-you-they人称排列,（二）、物主代词的用法 1形容词性物主代词只作定语： This is our classroom. His father is an engineer. 2名词性物主代词,【说明】 英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译。如： Jack took off his coat and went to bed. 杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了。 “of + 名词性物主代词”可用作定语。如： Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 我的一些朋友要出席我的生日晚宴。,（三）、反身代词的用法,反身代词不能单独做主语，只能在并列主语中做第二或第三主语 My brother and myself went there yesterday.,带有反身代词的惯用语 by oneself 亲自（独自地） talk to oneself 自言自语 take care of yourself 请多保重 amuse oneself 自娱 beside oneself 失常，发狂 devote oneself to 致力于 be not oneself 身体不舒适 find oneself in 不知不觉处于 for oneself 为自己 dress oneself 自己穿 excuse oneself 自我辩解 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 boast oneself 自夸 express oneself 表达自己的意思 bring sb. to oneself 使苏醒过来 between ourselves 只限你我之间（不外传） make oneself at home 随便些/请不要拘束,（四）、指示代词的用法 指示代词可以在句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语，主语补语等；其中，指示代词作主语时，指人或物都可以，但是作其他成份时，只指物。 this和these一般指时间或空间上较近的事物；that和those一般指时间或空间上较远的事物，如 I was very busy this morning but not that morning. this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物；that和those多指前面讲过的事物，如 I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. He was ill. Thats why he didnt come. 在打电话时，this表示“我”，that表示“你”,5. that和those可代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复，that还可代替不可数名词；The story is more interesting than that you read a few days ago. 6. this和that有时可表示“程度”，作状语，如 I dont want that much. The book is about this thick. 7. that还用于某些惯用语，如 that is这就是说；thats all就这些；thats that情况就是这样 8. same必须跟定冠词the连用，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语；可用于the sameas结构中，表示“同一样”，He feels the same today as I did yesterday. 9. so用作代词可代替前面的句子，这时它作think, tell, say, believe, hope, expect, suppose, guess, Im afraid, seem等词的宾语，但不能与know, doubt, Im sure, ask连用。,（五）、不定代词的用法 不指明所代替的名词，而起到名词或形容词作用的代词叫不定代词，有名词性和形容词性之分，有可数和不可数区别。,1none, no one, nothing 的用法区别 1）none 既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用来回答how many /much 引导的疑问句；no one 只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who 引导的疑问句；nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what 引导的疑问句。如： How many people are there in the room now ? None. Who is in the room ? No one / nobody. 2) none 后面可加of 引导的介词短语，而something / anything / everything / nothing; someone / anyone / everyone / no one 却不能。,2. each 和every 1) each 强调“个体”，起代词和形容词作用；every 强调“全体”，只能作定语。 Every/Each child has strong and weak points. Each of the students will get a new book. each 作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，如： The tickets each cost ten dollars. (each 作同位语，不能用costs)不可用not each 来表示部分否定，而用not every 表示部分否定。 2) every 还可表示“每隔”；构成“every+数词+复数名词”，“every+few+复数名词”，“every+other+单数名词”或“every+序数词+单数名词”，each没有这种用法。 every year or two 每一两年 every now and then 时常 every other day 每隔一天 Choose one out of every ten boys. 每十个男孩中选一个。 one car to every 20 people 每20人乘一辆车,3. another, other, the other, others, the others 用法一览表,4. both, all, either, any, neither, none 的用法,如： 1) I had to buy all these books because I didnt know which one was the best. 2) It is easy to do the repair. All you need is a hammer and some nails. 3) I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came. 4) Which of the three ways shall I take to the village ? Any way as you please.,5.one, ones, the one, the ones one 用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念相当于a/an +单数名词；ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词；the one用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词，相当于the +单数名词，有时可用that 代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。the ones 用来代替前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。如： Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one ( = a present ) that I have never seen. Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones ( = many presents ) that I have never seen. The book on the desk is better than that / the one under the desk. The books on the desk are better than those / the ones under the desk.,6.it 的用法,a. 指代不定式和动名词 It makes me sick to think about the problem（代替不定式to think about the problem） Its terribly tiring working late like this（代替动名词working late like this）。 常见用it代替动名词的结构有： Its no use no good no need hopeless no harm / foolish worthwhile doing sth如： Its no good waiting this morningCome back Monday b用for和of引起的短语，表示动作逻辑上的主语 Its very kind of you to have listened to me Its important for us students to learn English well c. 引导that从句时，这种从句中的谓语有时需用虚拟语气。从句常用should（也可省略），表示“应该”或“竟然”。列举如下： It was necessary that he should work hard It was strange that she（should）order her mother,9用于强调句型，即“It is/was被强调部分that/who/whom+其它”句型之中。 使用该句型有以下几点请注意： 强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数. It was yesterday that I met your father in the street 不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词. It was in the street that I met your father yesterday 被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。 It was your father that/whom /who I met in the street yesterday It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday,强调句中 也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。 It is they who are our friends It was not until ten oclock that we got home last night 注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is/ wasthat为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。 It was ten oclock when we got home last night It was at ten oclock that we got home last night,高考链接,1.(09山东23) I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face _ day like that. A. other B. another C. the other D. others 2.(09宁夏、海南33) One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health A. what B.