英语语法教学课件：形副.ppt

形容词和副词,考 点 分 析 1、形容词和副词的基本用法； 2、形容词和副词的位置； 3、形容词和副词的级别； 4、常见形容词和副词的用法比较。,形容词的基本用法,1、形容词的词义 问题1： - Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. - Mm, it does have a _ smell. (2002北京) A. pleasant, pleased B. pleased, pleased C. pleasant, pleasant D. pleased, pleasant,D,高考中关于形容词的词义的题考得不少，复习时需密切关注。该句中 pleased 表示“感到满意（高兴）的”；pleasant 表示“令人满意（高兴）的”。根据句意不难发现答案为D。,问题2： Their cheerful voice showed that they were having a _ discussion. (1997上海) A. noisy B. serious C. complete D. friendly 问题3： If it is quite _ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday. （05天津卷） A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable,D,该句中 cheerful 是重要的提示词，意为“欢快的”。noisy; serious 以及 complete 显然都与题义无关。是形容词，意为“友好的”，只有它符合题义。,It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 该句型意为：“某人方便（适合）做某事”；一般不说“sb. is convenient to do sth.” 其它三个词显然不符合句义。,A,2、后置定语问题 问题4： All the people _ at the party were his supporters. (02北京) A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important,解析：形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是下列情况要后置： proper (本身), present (在场的，出席的), involved (有关的), concerned (相关的), left (剩下的), objecting (反对的), mentioned (提及的), selected (当选的)等。 如 the students present (出席的学生) the cost involved (所需费用),A,f.,下列情况也要后置： a. some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后 置如： something new; nothing serious; anything interesting b. else 修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如： Nobody else is so silly as you are. c. 不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定 语要后置。如： Do you still remember the afternoon in the first year at college when the professor gave us a chemistry lesson? d. 以 a- 开头的形容词做定语要后置如：alike, alive, alone, asleep, afraid, awake 如： He is the only man awake at that time.,巩固练习： I cant get a good picture on my TV set. There must be something _ with it. A. bad B. matter C. the matter D. the wrong 2. _ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave 3. There is _ to hold the water. A. nothing big enough B. nothing enough big C. big enough nothing D. enough big nothing,C,C,A,3、以-ly 结尾的形容词 问题5： What he said sounds _. (1993上海) nicely B. pleasantly C. friendly D. wonderfully,解析：1） 大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，manly, timely, worldly (老于世故的) 仍为形容词。 改错：(错） She sang lovely. （对） Her singing was lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. It is published daily.,C,多个形容词修饰名词的顺序,问题1 John Smith, a successful businessman, has a car. （04辽宁） Alarge German white Blarge white German Cwhite large German DGerman large white,多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词 根据这个公式，就不难排列出：大小 + 颜色 + 出处，故选择B。,B,问题2: This _ girl is Linds cousin. (05北京卷) A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 问题3：One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old,由“限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -性质-名词”的公式可知，描绘词 + 大小 + 出处的顺序，最符合答案。,根据排列顺序： 大小、形状 +年龄+颜色+来源+质地+用途+名词可选择A,A,A,常见形容词的比较,1). worth - worthy - worthwhile 2) alike - like -likely 3) dead - deadly - deathly 4) historic - historical 5) live - lively - alive - living 6) possible - probable- likely 7) valueless -priceless 8) respectable (可敬的、高尚的) - respectful (表示敬意的) A respectable man is respectful to others. 9) healthy (健康的) - healthful (有益于健康的) The air at seaside is healthful to us. So all of us are healthy.,巩固练习： The World Cup in France was the biggest _ football match in the world. A. alive B. live C. lively D. living 2. Anyone who has spent time with children knows the difference in the way boys and girls respond (反应) to the _ situation. A. likely B. same C. alike D. similar 3. Its _ to rain but not _ before evening. A. possible probable B. probable possible C. possibly probably D. probably possibly,B,D,A,副词的基本用法,问题1：_, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. （04上海春季） A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange 问题2： Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? (1995 N) A. such, such B. such, so C. so, so D. so, such,A,B,副词 enough 要放在形容词和副词的后面，形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可。,A: 基本句型：such + (a) + adj. + n. ; so + adj. + a + n. B: such 后可加各种名词，而so后面只能加单数名词； C: so 可加 many, much, few, little 等，而such不能。,问题3： We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _. (1995上海) A. well, well B. bad, bad C. well, badly D. badly, bad 问题4： Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. （03全国卷） Amuch too heavy Btoo much heavy Cheavy too much Dtoo heavy much,C,A,smell 有双重词性，作“闻起来”解是系动词，后接形容词作表语；作“嗅”解是形为动词，后接副词。该题的干扰项是B，“smells bad” 表示闻起来很臭，不可能同时放入两个空格。,much too 是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词；too much 是名词或形容词，可单独使用或修饰名词。,问题5： John is very lazy. He falls _ behind in his studies. (05(广东卷) A. very B. far C. more D. still 问题6： Must I turn off the gas after cooking ? Of course . You can never be careful with that . (05江西卷) Aenough Btoo Cso Dvery,B,B,副词的修饰关系是现今高考的热点之一，复习中应予以足够的重视。“far behind ”表示“远远地掉在后面”。,“can never be too ”是一种固定的表达方式，意为“越就越好”,常用副词的比较,问题1： It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother.( 2002北京) A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 问题2： We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _. (1996 N) A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily,A,D,close to 离近，此处 close 是副词；closely 表示“密切地”，与题意无关。,表示 “雨下得大”可用 rain hard; rain heavily 等，不用 badly 或 strongly。表示“刮大风”可用 strong wind。hardly 是否定词，与句意无关。,注意下面兼有两种形式的副词 close 与 closely close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地” He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. late 与 lately late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3) deep 与 deeply deep意思是“深”，表示时间和空间深度；deeply时常 表示感情上的深度，“深深地“ He pushed the stick deep into the mud. He often works deep into the night. Even father was deeply moved by the film.,high 与 highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5) wide 与 widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多 地方” He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6) free 与 freely free的意思是“免费“；freely 的意思是“无限制地“ You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.,另外注意下列各组副词的用法区别 1) just - just now 2) rather - fairly 3) yet - still - already 4) hard - hardly - rarely - scarcely 5) such a + adj. + n. - so + adj. + a + n. 6) most - mostly - almost 7) especially - specially 8) every day - everyday 9) sometime - sometimes -some time,巩固练习： Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _ if you dont speak the language. A. Extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially 2. Would you be _ do me a favor? A. kind enough B. so kind as to C. so kind to D. kind as to 3. The guide told us that he would organize some businessmen from abroad to have a tour _ the next month. A. some time B. sometime C. some times D. sometimes 4. It is _ that his English is _ perfect. A. sure very B. right rather C. exact fairly D. certain quite,D,B,B,D,形容词和副词的级别,1、as as 结构 问题1： John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. （05安徽卷） (B) A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as 问题2： What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is _ it is long. （05湖北卷） Ahalf not as wide as Bwide not as half as Cnot half as wide as Das wide as not half,B,C,as tall as “高达”, five foot eight = five feet eight inches,as wide as 是比较，所以倍数词应放在前面。,说明： 1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。 He cannot run so/as fast as you. 2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 as +形容词+ a +单数名词 as + many/much +名词 This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can 3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的 前面。 This room is twice as big as that one. Your room is the same size as mine.,4) 倍数+ the + n + of 倍数+ as + adj. + as This bridge is three times as long as that one. This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. Your room is twice the size of mine. 5) 数量词 + senior / junior + to He is seven years senior to his wife. I am three years junior to my elder sister.,、 more than 结构 问题1：Is your headache getting _? No, its worse. （05全国卷3） Abetter Bbad Cless Dwell 问题2： Mr. Smith owns _ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. （05山东卷） A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large 问题3： The number of people present at the concert was _ than expected. There were many tickets left. （04福建） Amuch smaller Bmuch more Cmuch larger Dmany more,A,B,A,问题4： The dictionary gave me a better offer than _. (1999 上海) A. that of Dicks B. Dicks C. he gave Dick D. those of Dick 问题5： Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _? (2000 上海) A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far 问题6： In that case, there is nothing you can do _ than wait. (2001 北京春季) A. more B. other C. better D. any,C,B,B,1）要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than his brother. 2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia. 3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 4）程度词 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等词可修饰比较级。除 外，还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以 上词 (除by far) 外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前 面。而 by far 一般置于比较级之后和最高级之前。,、of the two 结构 问题1： Of the two shirts, Id like to choose _ one. (94 上海) A. the less expensive B. the most expensive C. less expensive D. most expensive 问题2： If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _ choice. (95 上海) A. good B. the best C. better D. the better,说明：在 of the two 结构中，比较级前要加 the，但如果不在 of the two 结构中，要注意冠词的使用。后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有冠词。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.,A,D,4、the + 最高级 + 比较范围 问题1：David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels_ desire to go to bed. (05江苏卷) A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least 问题2： Greenland, _ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers. (2000 上海) A. it is the largest B. that is the largest C. is the largest D. the largest,D,D,1)形容词最高级前必须用定冠