新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读Aunit12b.ppt

Unit Twelve,Knowledge Management Is a Business Imperative,Explanations:,Information relates to description, definition, or perspective (what, who, when, where). Knowledge comprises strategy, practice, method, or approach (how). Wisdom embodies principle, insight, moral, or archetype原型 (why).,Definition:,“Knowledge Management is the explicit and systematic management of vital knowledge - and its associated processes of creation, organization, diffusion, use and exploitation.“ explicit: knowledge is explicitly recognized (language, documents etc.) systematic: it is too important to be left to chance vital: theres lots of knowledge around; focus on that which is important content and process perspective (nouns and verbs),Definition:,所谓知识管理的定义为，在组织中建构一个量化与质化的知识系统，让组织中的资讯与知识，透过获得、创造、分享、整合、记录、存取、更新、创新等过程，不断的回馈到知识系统内，形成永不间断的累积个人与组织的知识成为组织智慧的循环，在企业组织中成为管理与应用的智慧资本，有助于企业做出正确的决策，以因应市场的变迁。,Knowledge Management to be needed in on-line education,Two main thrusts:,Sharing what is known e.g. best practice Innovation - creation and conversion,Typical Knowledge Management Initiatives,Creation of knowledge databases - best practices, expert directories, intelligence etc. Active process management - of knowledge gathering, classifying, storing etc. Development of knowledge centers - focal points for knowledge skills and facilitating knowledge flow Introduction of collaborative technologies - Intranets or groupware群体软件 for rapid information access Knowledge webs - networks of experts who collaborate across and beyond an organizations functional and geographic boundaries Learning organization initiatives - culture of learning, individual/org development.,Consider the services that a typical knowledge center provides. It:,identifies sources of important knowledge, both inside and outside the company catalogues and indexes material so that retrieval is efficient and effective maintains and sustains the knowledge repository (the knowledge bank) provides a one stop shop for multiple information needs knows who can help - pointers to people as well as information runs a client advisory service - offering expertise on sources, their availability, relevance, quality and overall usefulness to the business.,A center saves costs on generic information processes by:,economies of scale - saving the valuable time of professionals gaining discounts from suppliers because of bulk purchases - sourcing once, but distributing widely e.g. via an Intranet pooling expertise in a few locations avoiding duplication of purchase and unnecessary overlap reusing information and knowledge in different contexts targeting distribution according to interests, rather than mass distribution,It can also act as a monitoring point that leverages knowledge for the rest of the business. Over time the cumulative knowledge and expertise within a center helps:,alert users to business opportunities and threats make valuable connections - putting people who have problems in touch with those who have solutions i.e. “knowing what we know“ create communities - putting people in touch with each other who share similar needs and are tackling similar or related problems,Text Learning,What is knowledge management? To be brief, knowledge management is the process through which organizations generate value from their intellectual and knowledge-based assets.,Text Learning,What may be the reasons for the establishment of KM system? Ever-increasing competition; Client requests; Working mobility; Working environment; Globalization.,Text Learning,What benefits can companies expect from knowledge management? Foster innovation by encouraging the free flow of ideas Improve customer service by streamlining response time Boost revenues by getting products and services to market faster Enhance employee retention rates by recognizing the value of employees knowledge and rewarding them for it Streamline operations and reduce costs by eliminating redundant or unnecessary processes,Text Learning,What technologies can support knowledge management? Knowledge management tools: knowledge repositories, expertise access tools, e-learning applications, discussion and chat technologies, synchronous同时的 interaction tools, and search and data mining tools.,Assignment,Review Unit 12; Preview Unit 13; Exercises.,工作流程,Process:,Vocabulary Quiz,Priority, or a senior place; precedence Arrogant; haughty Desire eagerly; covet Expression of admiration, approval, etc. either in words or by action; compliment Polite and kind, marked by good manners and respect for others; courteous,Vocabulary Quiz,Persons of high rank, title or birth as a class; nobility Not being seen easily, not remarkably; inconspicuously Calm and serious manner or style; dignity Declare; profess Matching, related; corresponding,Vocabulary Quiz,Make lower in value, poorer in quality, character, etc.; debase Person who competes with another; rival Giving small details; minutely In agreement; harmonious The form which shows the use of the verb to express a command; imperative,Vocabulary Quiz,Supreme ruler; monarch Following what has been customary, traditional; conventional State of being successful; prosperity Be sure to happen; inevitably Dismiss officially; expel,Vocabulary Quiz,Of management of a countrys affairs by its agents abroad; diplomatic Rules for formal relations or polite social behaviors among people, in a class of society or profession; etiquette The quality of giving freely, nobility of mind, greatness of heart; generosity Formal agreement made and signed between nations; treaty Bring or throw