(上)阅读理解复习.ppt

阅 读 理 解 分析题型， 进行有效复习,主要内容,1、学生答题问题(形势严峻) 2、告诉学生做阅读理解题的基本步骤 3、阅读理解题型分析 4、就08（上），09（上）期末试题 ，说教学思路 5、讲讲自己教学中阅读训练,一、学生答题问题(形势严峻),1、做题慢。 2、不审题。 3、理解力差，准确率低。 4、根本不阅读，乱答题。,首先对原文材料迅速浏览（skimming)，掌握全文的主旨大意。在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。 其次，细读问题，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息(scanning)，划线、写题号。 对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲。 最后，仔细斟酌不确定的答案，并进行核对。,二、告诉学生做阅读理解题的基本步骤,三、阅读理解题型分析 通过对08，09两年期末试题分析，我们不难找出阅读理解题的命题规律及题型结构。一般来说，阅读理解题型设计，大致可以分为以下几种题型： A.表层理解；B.推理判断题； C.数据推算题；D.归纳总结题； E.主旨大意题；F. 根据语境猜生词。,四、就08（上），09（上）期末试题 ，说教学思路 A.表层理解，找信息（细节型） 08(上） A:47.If you like children and have two days free, you call at _C_ for a job. (8766588) A: 49. _ D_are needed in AL Hotel. (waiter) B: 52. The city collected the money from the drivers to _D_(pay workers=pay the people who worked for the city)（同义转化） C: 58. What did the baby eagles mother do when she came the last time? （D, Ph4:she pushed her baby eagle out of the nest） 题型特点：1、出题机率大。2、主要是对有说明主旨的某一事实或数据进行考查。 3、相对容易，答案可在材料中找到对应的文字作为验证（词，短语，句子，但有时表达不同）。,A（广告） We can find ads everywhere. Here are four ads. Please read them carefully.,46The above job ads are probably from_ . A. a newspaper B. a story book C. a science book D. a guide book 47If you like children and have two days free, you can call at _ for a job. A.8556779 B.8558366 C.8766588 D.8633800 48If the owner of the large house asks a cleaner to tidy his house once a day, how much will the cleaner get in a week? A.$120. B.$140. C.$160. D.$180. 49_are needed in AL Hotel. A. Cleaners B. Babysitters C. Reporters D. Waiters 50If youre a college student of English who enjoys writing, during your summer holidays you will be more interested in the job in _ . A. ad (1) B. ad (2) C. ad (3) D. ad (4),B(温馨提示：Tell vistors what not to do) To make sure that you enjoy your visit to the Hamper Hot Springs and that you are safe during your visit, please take time to read the following: 1 Do not place your head under the hot water because it may be bad for your health. 2Do not run around because the floors may be slippery.Do not leave your children alone. 3 Do not leave your things about.Just ask one of our workers to look after your things. 4 Do not eat or drink anything in the areabecause we want to keep here clean.There is a place for you to eat and have soft drinks when you want to have a rest. 5 Do not bring into the area anything made of glass,because it may be easily broken when you fall. 6 Do not bring any hard drinks into the area. 7 Do not smoke in the area. 8 Do not stay in the sunlight for too long.We hope that you will enjoy your visit here.,1. The purpose of this notice is _. A to ask people to visit the springs B to make visitors know the area C to tell visitors what not to do D to tell the visitors to have a rest 2. The notice is written for _. A visitors B children C workers D managers 3. People are not allowed to _. A bring anything into the area B have soft drinks in the area C look after children in the area D sit in the sun for long in the area 4. _ is NOT mentioned in the notice. A How long visitors can stay in the area B What visitors cannot bring to the area C Who looks after the visitors things D Whether smoking is allowed in the area 5. The Chinese meaning for “slippery”is _. A 平坦的 B 湿滑的 C 狭窄的 D 冰凉的,细节阅读（查找信息）教学,教学实操： 1、查找信息题多出现在这些象(图表类,广告类,说明类,图书卡，通知类，启事类，匹配等）类型的文章里。我们教学生无需细读文章，第一步，让他们先用跳读法,感知文章是哪一类型文章，理解下文章大意。第二步，逐个问题看，带着问题用寻读法找答案，即教会学生抓问题的关键词(what,when,where,how,why)去文章中找信息，找原词或原话，局部查找或通篇查找，在查的过程中，作出相应题号的标记。有时，要求分析理解原文的句子，并对其进行必要的意思转化，这样即可正确选择。 2、Unit 1 Newspapers 1）了解报纸的基本栏目的构成及其内容的基本点（匹配题）。 2）如何通过有针对性的问题从文章中去找信息。 3、这类题应指导基础差的学生掌握，他们虽不理解意思但会认，鼓励他们耐心地一行行找，找到为止，让他们有点做题的成功快感，提升阅读的欲望。,B.推理判断题 第一类 （08上）B:53.Which is untrue according to the passage? C:56.Which of the following is true about the baby eagles life before his mother stopped coming to the nest? （09上） A: 55. Which of the following is not true? C:63.Which is not true according to the passage? D:68.Which of the following is not true according to the passage?,B.推理判断题 第二类 （08上）A: 46. The above job ads are probably from_ A. a newspaper B. a story book C. a science book D. a guide book. (从生活常态去判断） （09上）A:53.Why did the king ask Effendi to tell him the date of Effendis own death? （分析文章结构，据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义） C:60. We can infer from the story that_. （09上）B:60. We can infer from the passage that_. (对文章有个整体理解,力求从作者的角度去考虑,去推断) 题型特点：1、出题机率大，相对比较难。2、文章中没有现成答案，要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。3、多出现在有故事情节的文章中。,09上 A（阿凡提的故事),Once Effendi had a joke with the Prime Minister（宰相）. He said that the Minister would die the next day. The next day, the Minister fell to the ground from the horse and really diedWhen the king learned this, he got angry and sent his men to catch Effendi at once. When Effendi was brought to him, the king shouted angrily, “Effendi, since you knew when my Minister would die, you must know the date of your own death. Say it out, or youll die today.” Effendi looked at the king for a while. Then he answered, “But how can I know? Ill die two days earlier than you.” The king was afraid that if he killed Effendi, he himself would die after that. He thought he must keep Effendi alive as long as possible, so he let Effendi go.,51This story tells us _. Ahow Effendi fooled the king Bwhen the king would die Cwhy the Minister died DEffendi knew the dates of everyones death 52The Prime Minister died because _. AEffendi killed him BEffendi said he would die CHe was badly ill DHe fell off the horse 53Why did the king ask Effendi to tell him the date of Effendis own death? ABecause the king wanted to know when he himself would die. BBecause the king wanted to find an excuse to kill Effendi. CBecause he himself had known the date of Effendis death. DBecause he wanted to know when Effendi would die. 54The king let Effendi go because _. Ahe hoped to live a long life Bhe was afraid of Effendi Che didnt believe Effendis words DHe knew he would die two days later 55Which of the following is not true? AEffendi played a joke on the Minister. BThe king was afraid of death. CEffendi didnt know when the king would die. DIf the king killed Effendi, he himself would die two days later.,推理判断题教学 教学实操： 1、这类题多出于故事类的文章中，相对来说学生比较感兴趣，这是学生愿意阅读的一个优势。做这类型， 首先，我们指导学生阅读时，通过故事的开头，去预测故事的发展，通过下面的阅读去验证，再进一步预测的循环过程，同时借助逻辑、语法，文化常识等 ，以及一些关键词，过渡词来跟踪作者的思路。 其次，了解故事大意后，通过抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。 最后，教学生学会对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。 2、从这两套题来看，有5个题目的设计就是在问“true or untrue according to the passage”.让学生重视这种题型，要审题是“true 还是untrue”。,3、归纳些这类试题常用问句，让学生去记： 1）From the passage, we learn that Liming is _. 2) According to the passage, which is right (true)? 3) Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? 4) Which idea is Not True according to the passage? 5) The reading doesnt say but we can infer that _. 6) What can we infer from the last sentence? 7) Which sentence is WRONG or RIGHT? 4、Unit 2 Detectives and crimes 1）学会理清故事的脉络，理解侦探故事情节。 2）描述人物的文章，要学会抓住人物的性格特征，加深对文章的理解。 3）要学会通过细读找细节，根据细节的差别，去进行推测。 Unit4. Historical Stories 1）通过阅读历史故事，了解一般过去时在故事中的应用。理清故事的中“六要素”。 2）通过文章中的对话，上下文线索对故事进行推理和预测。 Unit5 Strange Creatures 1）拓展科普和科幻故事的阅读。 2）学会寻读。 3）运用推理能力和客观判断力，领会故事的寓意。,C.数据推算题 (08上）A：48 .If the owner of the large house asks a cleaner to tidy his house once a day, how much will the cleaner get in a week? A $120. B.$140. C. $160. D. $180. (09上) B:58.How many times did the fisherman pull his line out? A .Once B. Twice C. Three times D. Four times (09上) C: 65. How many advantage of MP3 can we see from the passage? A .3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 这类题的特点：1.相对出现得更直观。2、不会照搬原数字出题，要根据文章提供的数据，与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。,C.数据推算题 (08上）A：48 .If the owner of the large house asks a cleaner to tidy his house once a day, how much will the cleaner get in a week? A $120. B.$140. C. $160. D. $180. (the job paid at $20 once)要做简单换算 (09上) B:58.How many times did the fisherman pull his line out? A .Once B. Twice C. Three times D. Four times (After a few minutes, he pulled his line out Then he put his hook and line into the water again Then, the third time, the caught a small fish.（没有很明显的数据显示，但是从连接词能得到信息。） （09上) C: 65. How many advantage of MP3 can we see from the passage? A .3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Advantages: 1.MP3 turns your home PC into a jukebox. 2. Small MP3 players are the size of a deck of cards, making it easy to take hundreds of songs with you. 3. (what is it?) You may download MP3 music several ways.（要放远整篇文章，搜寻有效信息。）,数据推算题 教学,教学实操： 在训练此类题时： 1.文章数字少时，把文章中的数学圈出来，以便计算和推理。数据多，可以让学生根据问题中关键词，找到相关段落的数字进行推理。 2.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。弄清众多信息中哪些属于有用信息，哪些属于干扰信息 。 3.没有很明显的数据显示，但是从连接词能得到信息。 4.要放远整篇文章，搜寻有效信息。 Unit 3 Modern machines 1）能读懂科普题材的文章。 2）将科普文中的信息进行归类并进行比较。（数据的比较） 3）说明文的阅读技巧。,D/E.归纳总结和主旨大意 (09上) A:51. This story tells us _ (A. how Effendi fooled the king) D:70. What is the main idea of this passage？ (B. Tells us what we know about Loch Ness Monster) (08上 B：55.Which is the best title of this passage？ (A.The worlds first parking meters) 在段中 题型特点：1.要通读全文才能找出答案。2.要么在首句，要么在段中，要么在 段末能找到概括中心思想的句子，句子结构比较简单。3.有些文章没有明显的 主题句，要自己去归纳。,09上 A（阿凡提的故事),Once Effendi had a joke with the Prime Minister（宰相）. He said that the Minister would die the next day. The next day, the Minister fell to the ground from the horse and really diedWhen the king learned this, he got angry and sent his men to catch Effendi at once. When Effendi was brought to him, the king shouted angrily, “Effendi, since you knew when my Minister would die, you must know the date of your own death. Say it out, or youll die today.” Effendi looked at the king for a while. Then he answered, “But how can I know? Ill die two days earlier than you.” The king was afraid that if he killed Effendi, he himself would die after that. He thought he must keep Effendi alive as long as possible, so he let Effendi go.,51This story tells us _. Ahow Effendi fooled the king Bwhen the king would die Cwhy the Minister died DEffendi knew the dates of everyones death 52The Prime Minister died because _. AEffendi killed him BEffendi said he would die CHe was badly ill DHe fell off the horse 53Why did the king ask Effendi to tell him the date of Effendis own death? ABecause the king wanted to know when he himself would die. BBecause the king wanted to find an excuse to kill Effendi. CBecause he himself had known the date of Effendis death. DBecause he wanted to know when Effendi would die. 54The king let Effendi go because _. Ahe hoped to live a long life Bhe was afraid of Effendi Che didnt believe Effendis words DHe knew he would die two days later 55Which of the following is not true? AEffendi played a joke on the Minister. BThe king was afraid of death. CEffendi didnt know when the king would die. DIf the king killed Effendi, he himself would die two days later.,08B,B The people of Oklahoma City in America were not very happy in the year 1935. The city had just started using some new machines. The people were not happy because they had to put money in the machines if they wanted to park their cars in the street. Have you guessed what kind of machines they were? They were the worlds first parking meters (泊车表)!Oklahoma City needed money to pay the people who worked for the city. So the city asked the car drivers to pay if they wanted to park their cars in the street. This idea was so new that it shocked almost everyone. Today, of course, parking meters can be seen in nearly every town and city in America. It seems that money is needed almost everywhere.,51The people of Oklahoma City were unhappy because they had _. A. little food B. dirty streets C. to pay to park D. too few cars 52The city collected the money from the drivers to _. A. buy machines B. stop cars coming in C. buy trucks D. pay workers 53Which is untrue according to the passage? A. Parking meters were welcomed then. B. People were against to the new machine. C. Money is needed almost everywhere. D. Parking meters can be seen in nearly every town and city in America 54The word “shocked” in the passage means _. A. pleased B. surprised C. stopped D taught 55Which is the best title for this passage? A. The worlds first parking meters B. Money is needed C. Parking in Oklahoma City D. Shocking parking meters,归纳总结和主旨大意题教学 1. 在做题时，首先让学生判断下文体，通常新闻报道、说明文、议论文大都会采用先总后分的叙述方法，那么主题句通常在第一句或第一段。有些文章，如前面列举些例子，或者说细节多，那么这篇文章可以用的就是先分后总的方法，用的是归纳法写文章，这时通常中心句在末段或末句。 2. 其次，找到主题句后把它划出来，通读完全文，对文章有