2019届高考英语一轮复习第一部分教材课文要点ModuleGreatScientists夯基提能作业外研版必修.doc

Module 4Great Scientists.阅读理解阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camels hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cats lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamins cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamins drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景)painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Benjamins visit to Philadelphia.B.Williams influence on Benjamin.C.The beginning of Benjamins life as an artist.D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?A.The cat would be closely watched.B.The cat would get some medical care.C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.B.He provided him with painting materials.C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D.He taught him how to make engravings.4.Williams two books helped Benjamin to .A.master the use of paintsB.appreciate landscape paintingsC.get to know other paintersD.make up his mind to be a painter.七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2017山东师大附中模拟八)Every living thing has genes. Genes carry information. 1 They make sure that humans give birth to humans and cows give birth to cows. They also make sure that a dog doesnt give birth to a frog, or an elephant to a horse. However, genetic engineers take genes from one speciesfor example, a snake, and transfer them to anotherfor example, corn. 2 Such new life forms have been described, by some scientists as a real-life Frankenstein.Genetic engineers put genes from ducks into chickens to make the chickens bigger. They put hormones(激素)into cows to make them produce more milk. They put genes from flowers into beans and from fish into tomatoes. 3 It just makes them easier and faster for the farmer to grow.The effects of genetic engineering on the natural world may be disastrous. The engineers may create strange life beings, or monsters, that we cannot control.4Theyll have to find one, fight for oneor kill for one. It may be your land they fight foror you that they kill. Moreover, the effects of these experiments can often be cruel. In America, pigs were given human genes to make them bigger and less fatty. The experiment failed. The pigs became very ill and began to lose their eyesight.We would all like a better, healthier and longer life, and genetic engineering might give us this. On the other hand, it may be a dangerous experiment with nature. In the story of Frankenstein, the doctor created such a terrible and dangerous monster that he had to destroy it. 5A.The information tells us what to do or what not to do.B.We must make sure that this tale remains a storyand no more than that.C.This doesnt make them cheaper, tastier, or healthier.D.The new life forms have no natural habitat or home.E.Then they feed the tomatoes to the fish.F.In this way a new life form is created.G.They are passed on from generation to generation..5.完形填空阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2017河北正定中学模拟)Imagine being born without arms. No arms to hug someone, and no hands to 1touch. Or what about being born without legs? Having no 2to dance, walk, run, or even stand on two feet. Now put both of those scenes together: no arms and no legs. How would that 3ones everyday life?Without any medical explanation, Nick Vujicic came into the world with neither arms nor legs. Imagine the 4his parents felt when they saw their baby being what the world would consider imperfect and 5. Little did they know that this beautiful limbless baby would one day be someone who would 6and motivate people from all walks of life. Throughout his childhood Nick dealt with the 7of self-respect, and struggled with depression and 8. As Nick grew up he learned to deal with his 9and started to be able to do more and more things on his own. He 10to his situation and found ways to11tasks that most people could only do by using their limbs, such as cleaning teeth, 12hair, typing on a computer, etc. As time 13, Nick began to eagerly accept his 14and achieve greater things. Nick got a double bachelors degree 15in accounting and financial planning. By the age of 19, Nick had started to 16his dream of encouraging others by sharing his story through 17speaking. He found the purpose of his 18. Now at 27 years old, he has accomplished more than most people. He has travelled around, 19his story with millions of people. He is a true inspirational and motivational20. 1.A.understandB.experience C.know D.prevent2.A.chance B.interestC.reason D.ability3.A.limit B.affect C.improve D.design4.A.shockB.excitement C.calmness D.eagerness5.A.abnormal B.unique C.extraordinary D.unqualified6.A.teach B.organize C.inspire D.comfort7.A.challengeB.management C.question D.load8.A.tirednessB.loneliness C.happinessD.relief9.A.faultB.disability C.shortageD.willpower10.A.devoted B.attended C.adapted D.stuck11.A.accomplish B.attainC.find D.reduce12.A.wearingB.working C.brushingD.losing13.A.went upB.went ahead C.went awayD.went by14.A.positionB.situation C.stateD.emergency15.A.researching B.majoringC.aiming D.choosing16.A.finishB.undertake C.supportD.realize17.A.meaningful B.significant C.motivational D.strong18.A.actionB.existence C.behaviorD.communication19.A.telling B.recalling C.writingD.sharing20.A.doctor B.driver C.speakerD.writer答案精解精析 .阅读理解语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。Benjamin 小时候喜欢画画,很有画画的天赋。在他的堂兄和一位知名画家的影响下,他立志成为一名画家。1.C主旨要义题。本文讲述了美国画家Benjamin West小时候的画画经历及他是如何立志成为一名画家的,故选C。2.D推理判断题。本句前面的内容是他被迫承认了他在猫的身上薅毛做画笔的事,后面讲到他的堂兄送给他真正的颜料和画笔。而此句的意思是“猫的命运将得到改善”。由此推断此句暗示“他将很快得到真正的画笔”。3.B事实细节题。由文章的第三段可知,Benjamin的堂兄Pennington给他提供了颜料和画笔;由第五段可知Pennington给他提供了创作油画的材料,故选B。4.D推理判断题。从文章的最后一段可知Williams给了他两本有关画画的经典著作,但是他其实不是很懂,不过却爱不释手。同时从最后一句“The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”也可以看出这两本书帮助他下定决心成为一名画家。.七选五语篇解读本文是一篇生物科技方面的文章,讲述了基因和遗传的问题。1.G上文说基因承载着信息,下文说它们使人能够生出人,牛生出牛,也就是说基因是代代相传的,故G项符合上下文语境。2.F从一种物种上提取基因转移到另一物种上,这样新的物种就形成了,故F项符合语境。3.C由下文的“对农民来说,它们只是更容易、更快地生长”可知,C项“这没有使它们更便宜、更好吃或者更健康”符合语境。4.D由下文的它们将不得不为找一个栖息地而斗争或者厮杀,也就是说它们没有天然的栖息地,故D项符合语境。5.B故事中,医生创造了可怕的物种,所以不得不消灭它,因此我们只能确保这只是一个故事,不让其真的发生,故B项符合语境。.完形填空语篇解读本文主要讲述了英国励志演说家尼克的故事。他是闻名世界的演说家, 却有着难以想象的不幸的命运!他一出生就无缘无故地缺少四肢, 但是他却凭着自己的努力在生活和事业中变得很成功。1.Bexperience意为“经历, 体验”,此处指没有手去体验触摸的感觉。2.D根据上文可知, 没有腿会怎么样, 那么当然就是没有跳舞、走路、奔跑甚至是站立的能力了。ability能力。3.B结合语境,