2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试高考英语信息卷十一.doc

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试最新高考信息卷英 语（十一） 注意事项：1、答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2、回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3、考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第卷第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What time is it now?A. 1:45.B. 2:00.C. 2:45.2. What does the woman tell the man to do?A. Fetch his camera.B. Make a phone call.C. Take pictures with her phone.3. Who will begin the lecture now?A. Dr. White.B. Prof. Brookings.C. Dr. Mildens.4. What does the man often watch now?A. Musicals.B. Films.C. Football.5. What will the man do?A. Drive the woman downtown.B. Buy the woman a dress.C. Find a lift for the woman.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. How long did the man probably stay in Singapore?A. For five days.B. For nine days.C. For two weeks.7. Where did the man go last year?A. China.B. Italy.C. Chile.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. How many pieces of luggage does the woman have?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.9. What color is the large suitcase?A. Light brown.B. Dark blue.C. Medium gray.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What is on the two speakers left?A. The dining room.B. The sitting room.C. The kitchen.11. What does the woman offer to add to the kitchen?A. A microwave.B. A gas cooker.C. A dishwasher.12. Where will the two speakers go next?A. The larger bedroom.B. The back garden.C. The smaller bedroom.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. Which place does Sally prefer to go to?A. The London Eye.B. London Zoo.C. Covent Gardens.14. What is Billy interested in?A. Operas.B. Boats.C. Animals.15. What does the man suggest the woman do in London?A. Do some shopping.B. Find a job.C. Visit her friend.16. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Brother and sister.B. Husband and wife.C. Father and daughter.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What must the students do to take the English course?A. Take a test.B. Finish the previous level.C. Study a specific culture.18. Why are the history courses open at all levels?A. Different teachers teach courses.B. Cultures and time periods vary.C. Students have different levels.19. Which is an optional course?A. History.B. Maths.C. Science.20. What can the speaker do for the students?A. Help them arrange their courses.B. Help them sign up for a course.C. Help them find room in a course 【答案】1-5 ACBCA 6-10 BCCBB 11-15 CBABA 16-20 BABCA第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASaving Our OceansYour MissionTeach oceanographers(海洋学者)with different specialties about other ocean specialties and thus create a better understanding of the ocean as a complete, diverse system. BriefingYouve been invited to lead the International Oceanographic Conference in Oslo, Norway. Over one hundred of your fellow oceanographers will attend it. The problem is, with so many different specialties in the field-from geological to biological oceanography-the oceanographers at the conference are finding it difficult to understand what their colleagues are studying, let alone to grasp the ocean as an entire, diverse system!Your job will be to give the opening speech at the Conference outlining the general kinds of oceanography in a way that each type of oceanographers will understand. Then, you will assign different oceanographers to different projects and explain to them how best to work together. Family-x fileYounger Xpeditioners: Pick one project, and learn more about it through its photo gallery. Then, create a poster based on the animals and terrain(地形). Make sure to label each animal that you draw. Show your poster to your family and describe to them what you have drawn.Older Xpeditioners: Learn more about each of the projects: Where in the ocean would oceanographers go to study them? What animals might oceanographers study in the project? Which types of oceanographers would you assign for each project and how would they work together?Finally, think about the ways in which the different general kinds of oceanography might relate. Why is it important to look at the ocean as an entire system, rather than as distinct parts? How might looking at each separate part and the ocean as a whole impact conservation efforts? Practice your speech for the Conference in front of your family.21. What is your mission according to the text?A. To save the oceans all over the earth.B. To attend the International Oceanographic Conference in Norway.C. To enter for an activity with one hundred fellow oceanographers.D. To help better understand the ocean as a complete, diverse system.22. Where can you get the detailed instructions for you in advance?A. From the leader of the conference.B. From Younger Xpeditioners.C. From the part of Briefing.D. From Older Xpeditioners.23. How should you prepare your speech according to the text?A. Practice it at home with the family in front.B. Ask a lot of questions about the oceans.C. Create a poster to get informed.D. Invite other oceanographers to take part.【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A【解析】本文的主题是：挽救我们的海洋。21. 细节理解题。根据Your Mission中Teach oceanographers(海洋学者)with different specialties about other ocean specialties and thus create a better understanding of the ocean as a complete, diverse system.可知是为了帮助更好地理解海洋是一个完整的、多样化的系统。故选D。22. 推理判断题。根据Briefing中Your job will be to give the opening speech at the Conference outlining the general kinds of oceanography in a way that each type of oceanographers will understand. Then, you will assign different oceanographers to different projects and explain to them how best to work together.可知在 Briefing可以提前得到详细的说明。故答案为C。23. 细节理解题。根据最后一句Practice your speech for the Conference in front of your family.可知，在家里和家人一起练习。故选A。BThe summer before my dad died, we moved house. Up until that point, our family had our own space to spread out. Money was tight, so there was no television set, but we owned a turntable on which my dads records played constantly. Mostly, it played Bob Dylan. Tracks from The Basement Tapes and Desire became an important part of our new life. My brother and I, aged 8 and 10，climbed trees, built hideaways and learned the words of Clothes Line Saga. We would chant over and over, lost in our own joy.It was January when my dad left us forever because of the cancer. He was 36 going on 37 then, the same age as Dylan. Afterwards, our laughter disappeared, but we kept on playing the records, which became our only ritual of remembrance. The two men became so intertwined in my head, I struggled to tell them apart.Dylan was my dads gift to me. What child wouldnt be fascinated by songs full of pirates and seasick sailors? How did it feel to have No direction home? Farewell, Angelina became my party-piece. I would sing this at church cheese and wines to the assembled audience. A lot of donations were made.Growing up, I remained a fan of the music, but I wasnt obsessed with Dylan until one day in early 1995, my brother bought us both tickets to see him play at Brixton Academy. London felt like a long way to go. But finally seeing Dylan step out on to the stage brought a sudden rush of excitement.I have seen Dylan a couple of times since. My brother is not around so much these days. But he was up for a visit recently. We passed a happy evening laughing an drinking, while his son, aged nine, performed his partypiece Subterranean Homesick Blues for us. He sang it word-perfect. And so it goes on :Dylans music as a gift, passed down the generations.24. Whats the authors purpose of writing the passage?A. To praise his late father.B. To tell about his family history.C. To express his longing for family reunion.D. To show his love for Bob Dylan.25. The underlined word“ritual”in the second paragraph means “ ”.A. passionB. ceremonyC. memoryD. belief26. How did the author raise money in his childhood?A. By singing a Dylans song at church gatherings.B. By providing cheese and wines to church prayers.C. By playing a private in church performances.D. By accepting donations from the church.27. The recent visit of the authors brother indicates that .A. his nephew was ever invited to play in Dylans concertB. his brother has never seen a live performance of DylanC. Dylans music has influenced three generations of his familyD. Subterranean Homesick Blues is always his favorite song【答案】24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C【解析】作者讲述了对Bob Dylan的喜欢和热爱，及Bob Dylan对自己家三代人的影响。24. 推理判断题。根据文中Tracks from The Basement Tapes and Desire became an important part of our new life. we kept on playing the records, which became our only ritual of remembrance. Dylan was my dads gift to me.和Dylans music as a gift, passed down the generations等信息讲述了作者从小到大一直以来对Bob Dylan的喜欢和热爱，故选D。25. 猜测词义题。此处指父亲去世后我们的笑声消失了，但我们继续播放Bob Dylan的唱片，这成了我们唯一的记忆仪式。“ritual”指仪式，与ceremony同义，故选B。26. 细节推理题。根据第三段I would sing this at church cheese and wines to the assembled audience. A lot of donations were made.可知作者在童年的时候通过在教堂聚会上唱迪伦的歌来筹钱，故选A。27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段But he was up for a visit recently. We passed a happy evening laughing an drinking, while his son, aged nine, performed his partypiece Subterranean Homesick Blues for us.和Dylans music as a gift, passed down the generations.描述哥哥带着儿子拜访Bob Dylan及儿子演唱他的歌表明Bob Dylan对作者一家三代人的影响。故选C。CA few weeks ago, I called an Uber to take me to the Boston airport for a flight home for the holidays. As I slid into the back seat of the car, the warm intonations(语调) of the drivers accent washed over me in a familiar way.I learned that he was a recent West African immigrant with a few young children, working hard to provide for his family. I could relate: I am the daughter of two Ethiopian immigrants who made their share of sacrifices to ensure my success. I told him I was on a college break and headed home to visit my parents. Thats how he found out I go to Harvard. An approving eye glinted at me in the rearview window, and quickly, we crossed the boundaries of rider and driver. I became his daughter, all grown up the product of his sacrifice.And then came the fateful question: “What do you study?” I answered “history and literature” and the pride in his voice faded, as I knew it might. I didnt even get to add “and African-American studies” before he cut in, his voice thick with disappointment, “All that work to get into Harvard, and you study history?”Here I was, his daughter, squandering the biggest opportunity of her life. He went on to deliver the age-old lecture that all immigrant kids know. We are to become doctors (or lawyers, if our parents are being generous) to make money and send money back home. The unspoken demand, made across generations, which my Uber driver laid out plainly, is simple: Fulfill your role in the narrative(故事) of upward mobility so your children can do the same.I used to feel anxious and backed into a corner by the questioning, but now as a junior in college, Im grateful for their support more than anything. This holiday season, Ive promised myself I wont huff and get annoyed at their inquiries. I wont defensively respond with “but I plan to go to law school!” when I get unrequested advice. Ill just smile and nod, and enjoy the warmth of the occasion.28. What disappointed the driver?A. The authors attitude towards him.B. The school that the author is attending.C. The authors majors in history and literature.D. The authors interests in African American studies.29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “squandering” in Paragraph 4?A. wastingB. creatingC. valuingD. seizing30. Why are immigrant kids expected to be doctors or lawyers?A. Their parents want them to move upward in society.B. Their parents are high achieving as well.C. They have more opportunities.D. They are very smart in general.31. How did the author react to the drivers questioning?A. Getting upset.B. Feeling satisfied.C. Defending herself.D. Appreciating his concern.【答案】28. C 29. A 30. A 31. D【解析】这是一篇关于教育方面的短文阅读。文章主要讲述了不要因别人的质问而怀疑自己选择的专业，看一个哈佛学生的“假期自救指南”。28. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段and the pride in his voice faded, as I knew it might. I didnt even get to add “and African-American studies” before he cut in, his voice thick with disappointment, “All that work to get into Harvard, and you study history?可以推断出司机对作者主修历史和文学感到很失望。故选C。29. 词义猜测题。由这位优步移民司机先自豪，然后失望以及接着对我的教训这一情感变化的线索可以推测出，他是认为“我”浪费了一个人生中最大的机会。故可以猜测出squandering为“浪费”之意。故选A。30. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Fulfill your role in the narrative(故事) of upward mobility so your children can do the same.可知，他们的父母希望他们在社会上向上发展。故选A。31. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Ill just smile and nod, and enjoy the warmth of the occasion.可以推断出作者对司机的关心还是很感激的。故选D。DWhats small, buzzes here and there and visits flowers? If you said bees or hummingbirds, you got it. You wouldnt be the first if you mixed the two up. Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too.Scientists first compared the two back in the 1970s when studying how animals search for food. The idea is that animals use a kind of math to make choices in order to minimize the work it takes to earn maximum rewards. Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers, and where flowers were located relative to others. It was “almost like an algorithm(算法)” for efficient searching, said David Pritchard, a biologist at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. Hummingbirds and bees had similar solutions.As the field of animal cognition(认知) appeared, hummingbird and bee research parted. Neuroscientists and behavioral ecologists developed ways to study bee behavior in naturalistic settings. Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab. To be fair, hummingbirds and bees differ. For example, hummingbirds have more advanced eyes and brains than bees. Honeybees and bumblebees are social; hummingbirds typically arent.But however they perceive(感知) or process information, they both experience similar information, Dr. Pritchard said. In day-to-day searching for food, for example, hummingbirds may rely on more of a bees-eye view than a birds-eye view. Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they dont use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flowers original location. Dr. Pritchard is investigating if, like bees, hummingbirds engage in view matching hovering, scanning snapshots of a place to its memory and using those as references later.32. What is the center of research on hummingbirds and bees in the 1970s?A. Memory.B. Movement rules.C. Reward calculating.D. Information processing.33. Which subjects research methods were adopted to study the learning ability of Hummingbirds?A. Math.B. Biology.C. Ecology.D. Psychology.34. How do researchers find out that hummingbirds are not like birds?A. By setting them free.B. By moving flowers.C. By matching view.D. By making maps.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Hummingbirds and BeesB. Hummingbirds in the LabC. New Trends in Studying BeesD. Thinking of Hummingbirds as Bees【答案】32. B 33. D 34. B 35. D【解析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。我们经常把蜂鸟和蜜蜂搞混，然而科学家发现研究蜜蜂的方法可以帮助他们研究蜂鸟的行为。32. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers, and where flowers were located relative to others.可知，当时的研究人员把注意力集中在运动规则上。故选B。33. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab.可知，蜂鸟研究者采用的心理学的研究方法。故选D。34. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容及Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they dont use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flowers original location.可以推断出研究者是通过移动花而发现蜂鸟不像鸟。故选B。35. 主旨大意题。根据全文大意结合第一段中Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too.两句话可以确定最佳标题为“把蜂鸟看作蜜蜂”。故选D。第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 To meet the global climate crisis that is approaching, big lifestyle changes are required of those of us. The good news is that our way of life can remain meaningful and worthy as our consumption becomes sustainable(可持续发展的)._36_ Eat less meat and move toward a plant-based diet. This is one of the most effective things we can do because the food we now produce and consume is destroying the very ecosystems that we depend upon for survival. Here are some of the grim facts.The U. S. uses about one-half of its land for agriculture. _37_For example, the U. S. uses over 90 million acres of good agricultural land to produce corn, which is mostly fed to livestock(家畜).With 7.6 billion people on earth, the demand for food is enormous and constantly on the rise. Its easy to feel we cant make a difference. _38_We should not ignore the power of the c