高考英语复习语法系统讲解课件冠词

高考二轮复习 语法系统讲解,一、冠词,重温语法 聚焦高考 高考冠词考什么？,一、考查不定冠词和零冠词的区别 - Is it _ English dictionary? - Yes, and it is _ useful one. A. a, a B. a, an C. an, a D. an, an 二、考查不定冠词和定冠词的区别 1.Theres _ dictionary on _ desk near the window. A. a, the B. a, a C. the, a D. the, the 2._ earth we live on is bigger than _ moon. A. The, a B. The, the C. An, a D. An, the,C,A,B,三、考查“零冠词”的用法 1. It takes us nearly _ hour to go to Korla by _ air. A. an, a B. a, an C. an, / D. a, the 2. My uncle isnt _ old man, and he likes playing _ football. A. a, a B. an, an C. the, the D. an, / 四、综合考查 _ car in front of our school gate is _ . A. The, the Turners B. A, the Turners C. /, the Turners D. The, the Turners,C,D,A,重点归纳：,1、冠词是虚词，本身不能单 独使用，也没有词义， 它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。 2、冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。 下面我们分别来进行讲解不定冠词，定冠词， 和零冠词的用法,一、不定冠词的用法,例1 Jacks father is _ doctor. A. a B. an C. some D. /,分析 a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。,A,例2 There is _ “f” and _ “u” in the word “four”. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, an D. a, an,分析 在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。,A,归纳：1. a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母处于词首时，未必都是元音音素，u发音是ju:或ju时前面用冠词a，u读时前面用冠词an。,2. 26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音的字母有：f ef, h ech, l el, n en, r a；, s es, xeks 。 There is an “R” in the word. This is a European country. European词首字母不发音， j是辅音音素。 This is a one-eyed dog. one w是辅音音素。,例 Tom is _ honest boy. We all like him. A. a B. an C. the D. /,分析 honest 中h不发音，读音以元音音素 放于前面，表示“一个”时应加an。,B,例 -Why not take _ friend with you? -Thats _ good idea. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a,分析 使用不定冠词指某人或某物，但不具体说明是 何人或何物。,A,例5 Take the medicine three times _ day. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析 使用不定冠词表示单位，fifty miles an hour意为“每小时50公里”，twice a week意为“每周两次”。,A,例6 English is _ language. It is _ important tool. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, /,分析 a language意为“一种语言”。language 是可数名词。,B,例 _ steel worker makes steel. A./ B.A C. This D. That,分析 a(an)放于单数的可数名词前表示“一类”。该句中 a steel worker是指钢铁工人们。表示一类人有三种式： The bike is slower than the car. A bike is slower than a car. Bikes are slower than cars.,B,例 Tom has _ high fever and his mother is looking after him. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析 表示生什么病前应用a, have a headache, have a cold。,A,例 Mary takes _ walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C./ D. one,分析 give, take, have与一些动词名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。 have a talk (bath, look) make a living (promise) take a swim (walk, rest) give a talk (whistle, smile),B,例10 The old woman had _ fire in her room. A. the B./ C. a D. this,分析 抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要加a。 It is a great joy to study at this college. This kind of wood can make into a good paper. He made a living by selling newspaper.,C,不定冠词的用法 1、表示一类人或事物中的“任何” 一个，相当于汉语中“一”， 但不用于强调数目的概念。 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明 是 何人或何物。 3、表示单位 4、表示“一类”,例 There is _bridge over the river. _ bridge is made of stone. A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A,分析 文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。 I have a little bird. The bird is yellow.,B,二、定冠词的用法,例 _ old workers under that tree are from Shanghai. A. The B. An C. This D. That,分析 名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时，名词前应加the来表示特指。 The boys here are interested in sports.,A,例3 _ first one sat down and the second stood up. A. The B.A C. One D. An,分析 序数词前表示顺序时前加the。 Mary is the third to come in.,A,例 Winter is _ coldest season of the year. A. a B. the C./ D. so,分析 形容词最高级前及Only修饰的名词前均要加 the。 Mary is the only girl who is often late for class.,B,例 _ moon moves around _ earth, and they both are smaller than _ sun. A.The, the, the B.A, an, a C.The, an, the D.The, the, a,分析 定冠词用于表示世界上 独一无二的物体名词前。,A,例 We live in _ south of China. A. the B./ C. a D. some,分析 表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。 The sun rises in the east.,A,例 _ browns are watching TV at home at the moment. A./ B. The C. Mr. D.A,分析 the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。,B,例 He will go to see you off at _ Railway Station. A. a B. an C. the D./,分析 the普通名词构成专有名词。 the United Statesthe United Nations the Peoples Republic of China,C,例 I was playing _ piano at eight yesterday morning. A. a B./ C. the D. this,分析 play乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加 the。 Alice likes to play the violin while Kate likes to play the flute. 表示数量时可用a。 This is a new piano against the wall.,C,例10 Our teacher gets up early in _ morning. A. the B./ C. a D. an,分析 牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。 in the afternoon (evening)in the daytime at the beginningin the end,A,例11 There is a large ship in _ middle of the river. A. a B./ C. the D. any,分析 牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作地点状语。 on the right (left) in the front of in the middle of the meeting / the forest at the foot of the hill,C,例12 Last night we went to _ cinema. A. the B. a C./ D. those,分析 牢记一些固定搭配： go to the concert (theatre),A,例13 _ young should care for and help _ old. A. The, a B. The, the C. A, the D. An, an,分析 the形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物。 the poor / the rich / the sick / the beautiful,B,例14 The small town lies on _ Yangtzi River. A. a B. an C./ D. the,分析 定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛名称的前面 the Dead Sea / the Black Sea the North China Plain华北平原,D,二、不用冠词的场合,例1 Paper is made of _ bamboo. A. a B. the C. / D. that,分析 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。Wood can be made into chairs and tables. Iron is a kind of metal.,C,例 _ January is the first month of the year. A. The B.A C./ D. That,分析 表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the。 Spring is coming. He was born in December. 如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。 He was born in the Summer of 1964.,C,例 We have no classes _ Sundays. A. the B. these C. D. those,分析 表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。,C,例 I studies _ English in _ England. A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the,分析 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。 learn Chinese (maths, physics, chemistry) China is in Asia. in Germany (Japan) in Africa (Europe ),A,例 They often take a walk in _ Hyde Park. A. the B. a C./ D. this,分析 在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。 Christmas Day New years Eve National Day Childrens Day Teachers Day Wall Street,C,例 The thief was thrown into _ prison. A. the B. a C. this D. /,分析 表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的 部门时，名词前不加冠词。 背会下列词组：go to work (college, school, hospital, church) be in hospital (school, bed, prison) go to school/ go to the school上这所学校 go to bed/ be on the bed东西摆在床上 go to class (be in class)/ be in the class 在教室里,D,例 He doesnt have _ breakfast at home. A. a B. the C. this D. /,分析 表示三餐的名词前不加冠词，如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示“一顿的饭”，可加a。 have a big supper (nice lunch),D,例 We go to work by _ bus. A. / B. a C. the D. one,分析 表示交通工具的手段时，用by名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。 by bike (taxi, car, train, plane, spaceship)或 by sea (water, air, land) 如果用介词in或on，名词前 要加冠词或物主代词。,A,例 _ running is good. A. The B. A C./ D. An,分析 动名词前一般不用冠词。 Walking on the moon is difficult. Seeing is believing.,C,例10 These boys play _ football after class. A. a B. the C. that D. /,分析 球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。,D,例11 The students of _ Grade One are having a meeting. A. these B. / C. a D. an,分析 名词数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the；序数词名词表示顺序数，序数词前加冠词the。 turn to page3/ the third page Lesson One/ the first lesson gate Five/ the fifth Gate,B,例12 There is no _ book on the desk. A. the B. a C. an D./,分析 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或Any和 no时，均不再用冠词。 No books, not a book, not any books,D,例13 He often works late at _ night. A. / B. the C. a D. all,分析 表示时间或地点的一些介词名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。 at home, in town, at noon, at daybreak, in trouble, in danger, in fact等。,A,例14 What does this word mean, _? A. my father B. Father C. father D. a father,分析 家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任的职务名词前不用冠词。 He is secretary of our lab. Mother is cooking while father is reading newspaper. father和mother大写时前不加物主代词，小写时前要加物主代词，如：my father, his mother。,B,定冠不定冠 意思差千万 有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如： 1)at table在吃饭； at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上课； in the class在班级中,注意一些特殊的情况：,3)go to school去上学; go to the school 到那所学校去 4)go to bed上床睡觉; go to the bed到床那边去 5)in front of在的前面 ; in the front of在的前部.,不定冠词的用法 1、表示一类人或事物中的“任何” 一个，相当于汉语中“一”， 但不用于强调数目的概念。 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明 是 何人或何物。 3、表示单位 4、表示“一类”,定冠词的用法 1、文章中第一次出现的可数名词前 用a(an)。下次再出现此名词 2、名词后有表示范围、地点的介词 短语限定时 3、序数词前表示顺序时 4、形容词最高级前及 Only修饰的名词前,5、定冠词用于表示世界上独 一无二的物体名词前 6、表示东、南、西、北方的名词前 7、姓氏的复数形式前时， 表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人 8、the普通名词构成专有名词。 9、play乐器表示弹奏时， 该乐器名词前加 the。 10、the形容词（形容词名词化） 表示一类人或事物 11、定冠词the用在江河、海洋、 山脉、群岛名称的前面,不用冠词的场合 1、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词 2、表示节日、月份的名词前一