2017中考英语命题研究第二部分语法专题突破篇专题十动词的时态第一节时态的基本构成精讲习题.docx

专题十动词的时态贵阳五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求1.现在进行时2.一般现在时3.一般过去时4.一般将来时5.过去进行时6.现在完成时时态年份题号选项设置提示词分值一般现在时201537was/is/are无1分32There_is/There was/There will be无1分201436wont rain/will rain/doesnt_rainif引导的条件状语从句“主将从现”1分201341stay/will stay/stays无1分201293makemakes无1分一般过去时201344What did they do/What were they doing/What_they_did无1分201261takes/took/take无1分一般将来时201542have studied/will_study/studied无1分过去进行时201590wait/was_waiting无1分现在完成时201639have/has/isthe past ten years1分201437have_been/have become/would besince1分201236have_gone/have been/had gone无1分动词的时态是贵阳中考单项选择题中的高频考点。语句设置多为两个单句，词数在1015，其语境设置灵活，大多没有明显的时间状语提示，需要分析另一语句的语境和时态来判断动作的先后顺序，淡化了古板的依赖时间状语提示来判定时态的考查方式。现在完成时为每年必考的时态，过去进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时为常考点。一般过去时为高频考点，一般现在时和现在进行时为轮考点。对一般现在时的考查也会和“主将从现”相结合，如2014年的36题对if引导的时间状语遵循“主将从现”原则的考查。此外，词语运用和连词成句也涉及对时态的考查，考查点主要为一般现在时和一般过去时。预测2017年贵阳中考的单项选择仍会出现至少3道时态题，其中现在完成时是必考点，一般过去时和一般将来时考查的可能性很大。第一节时态的基本构成贵阳中考重难点突破【满分点拨】1动词的五种基本形式变化表英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数(现在式)、过去时、过去分词和现在分词。形式构成例词动词原形没有经过任何变形，就是词典中一般给出的形式be，do，have，come续表形式构成例词第三人称单数一般在动词原形后直接加sworkworksreadreads以s，o，x，z，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加esgogoeswashwashes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加esflyfliesstudystudies过去式与过去分词一般在动词原形后直接加edworkworkedstaystayed在以e结尾的动词后只加dcloseclosedlikeliked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加edstudystudiedcarrycarried以双重闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加edstopstoppedplanplanned现在分词一般在动词原形后直接加ingsleepsleepingwaitwaiting以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ingsmilesmilingmovemoving以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加ingsitsittingdigdiggingplanplanning少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ingdiedyinglielying常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换短暂性动词延续性动词have closed/openedhave been closed/openhave diedhave been deadhave lefthave been awayhave begun/startedhave been onhave finished/endedhave been overhave becomehave beenhave borrowedhave kepthave boughthave hadhave joinedhave been a member of/have been inhave left sp.have been away from sp.have fallen asleephave been asleephave put onhave wornhave caught/got a coldhave had a coldhave got to knowhave known2.常见六种时态的构成及用法贵阳中考对于一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在完成时都有考查，须掌握这些时态的基本构成和功能。种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句备注一般现在时(1)现阶段经常性或习惯性动作；(2)目前的状态；(3)客观真理be用am/is/are；主语是第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词词尾加s/es；其他人称和数用动词原形often，sometimes，usually，always，twice a month，on Sundays，every week/month/year(every系列)He usually leaves for school at 7 in the morning.他经常早上7点去学校。The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。一般过去时(1)过去发生的动作；(2)过去存在的状态be用was/were；其他动词用过去式just now， ago，in 1980，last night/week/month(last系列)，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used toWe went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我们去了历史博物馆。I was busy yesterday.我昨天很忙。一般将来时(1)将来发生的动作；(2)将来存在的状态。(1)助动词will(shall)动词原形(2)am/is/are going to动词原形tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next year/week/month/term(next系列)I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天早上我将在校门口见你。Ill be 15 next week.下周我就15岁了。在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时续表种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句备注现在进行时说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作am/is/are动词的现在分词now，at present，at the moment，look，listenThe telephone is ringing.Could you answer it，please？电话响了，你可以接听一下吗？表示位置移动或状态变化的动词，如：come，go，leave等词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作过去进行时过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作was/were动词的现在分词at 1：00 last night，at that moment，表示过去时间的状语从句I was reading when he came in.当他进来的时候，我正在读书。He was always complaining about something.他总是抱怨一些事情。在复合句中，如果两个动作同时发生，那么延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时，通常在when或while引导的时间状语从句中出现现在完成时(1)到现在为止已经完成的动作对现在还有影响；(2)从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态have/has动词的过去分词yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，for ten yearsHe has only been to the Great Wall once.他去过长城一次。I have been in the Youth Volunteers for five years.我来到青年志愿者有五年了。(1)since后面的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；(2)短暂性动词不与一段时间连用。如果要与一段时间连用必须换成延续性动词(见上表)【考点抢测】一、词语运用。1Grandma usually _wakes_up_(醒来) early in the morning.2When we _compare_ (比较)western culture with Chinese culture，youll find many differences.3That company _provided_ (提供)us with 3 000 dollars in 2012.4The thief _stole_ (steal) food from the supermarket and was caught by the policemen.5The wind _swept_away_(sweep away) the clouds and the sky was clear.6We still dont know when your friend _will_come_(come) here.7I overslept this morning.By the time I got to the train station，the train _had_left_(leave)8I _was_reading_ (read)a novel last night when I heard knocks at the door.二、单项选择。(C)9.We make it a rule that each of us _ the bedroom one day a week.Ahas cleanedBhave cleanedCcleans(C)10.Mr.Green，a famous writer，_ our school next week.Avisits Bwas visitingCwill visit(C)11.The last time I _ to the cinema was two years ago.Ahave gone Chave beenBwen