主谓一致“三原则”.doc

主谓一致“三原则”英语句子中的谓语动词要和主语在人称和数上保持一致，而在实际运用中又有一些具体情况，概括起来，主谓一致要遵循以下三个原则： 一、语法一致原则1. 如果主语是单数形式，谓语动词也要用单数形式。如：The number of students in our school is rising. 我们学校的学生人数在上升。 2. each, either, neither, nobody, nothing, anything, anybody, everybody, everything等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Each of them has been to Beijing. 他们每个人都去过北京。Neither of them likes the film. 他们两个谁也不喜欢那部电影。3. 主语的数不受后面修饰它的短语的影响。如：Tom together with his parents has visited the Great Wall. 汤姆和他父母一起游览过长城。二、意义一致原则1. 有的主语看似复数形式但表示的是单数意义，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：The news is exciting. 这是个令人振奋的消息。The United States is in North America. 美国位于北美洲。Two years is really a very long time. 两年的确是个很长的时间。2. what, who, which, all, any, none, more, most 等代词用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要根据具体情况来确定。如：What you said is very important. 你所说的话很重要。Which are their chairs? 哪些是他们的椅子？3. 表示抽象概念的动词不定式和v.-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多有害健康。4. 一些集体名词(如family, team, group, class, audience, company等) 作主语时，如被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是个大家庭。Her family are interested in football. 她家人都对足球感兴趣。5. 由“分数 / 百分数 of 名词”构成的短语作主语时，如果of后面的名词是可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式；如果of后面的名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Two thirds of the building is large enough for us. 这幢楼房的三分之二对我们来说就足够大了。Sixty-five percent of the books have been written in English. 百分之六十五的书籍是用英语写的。三、就近一致原则1. 当两个主语用or, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .等连词连接时，谓语动词应与最邻近的主语在数上保持一致。如：Either Mary or her brothers are going to help me.玛丽或者是她的兄弟们会来帮助我。2. 由here / there引起的句子中，谓语动词的单复数形式通常和作主语的第一个名词或代词在数上保持一致。如：Here is an apple and two pears for you. 这是给你的一个苹果和两个梨。There are two books, three rulers and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有两本书、三把尺子和一支钢笔。跟踪练习请选择能填入空白处的最佳选项。( )1. An old man with his two children _ down the road now.A. comesB. is comingC. are coming ( )2. Be careful!The rest of the water _ hot.A. are B. is C. look like ( )3. Toms parents _ from England.A. is B. am C. are( )4. Not only the children but also their father _ living i