专升本语法词汇综合讲义.doc

专升本语法词汇综合讲义容易成为答案的时态1、过去完成时2、将来完成时3、完成进行时长得像的选项有一个是答案Young people are not _ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.A) conservative B) content C) confident D) generous注：押头韵去除D。By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _ opportunity to change his mind.A) accurate B) urgent C) excessive D) adequate注：押尾韵去除C。21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _it.A) postpone B) refuse C) delay D) cancel注：postpone 推迟 refuse 拒绝 delay 推迟，拖延 cancel 取消22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _ you need.A) all the information B) all the informations C) all of information D) all of the informations注：1. information 不可数名词 2. all of 表示of 中的全部，所以后面名词一定要有明确的范围，必须加以限定。而all 没有这个要求。23. Not until the game had begun _ at the sports ground.A) had he arrived B) would he have arrived C) did he arrive D) should he have arrived注：1. not until 句型 2. 过去完成时与一般过去时成对使用24. Young people are not _ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.A) conservative B) content C) confident D) generous 注：conservative 保守的 content 满足；内容 confident 自信的 generous 慷慨的25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _.A) granted B) implied C) exaggerated D) remedied注：exaggerated 夸大的26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go _ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.A) unrecorded B) to be unrecorded C) unrecording D) to have been unrecorded27. I have no objection _ your story again.A) to hear B) to hearing C) to having heard D) to have heard注：object to doing 反对。其中 to为介词。动词跟介词，则相应的名词形式也跟介词28. The clothes a person wears may express his _ or social position.A) curiosity B) status C) determination D) significance注：status 地位，身份29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _ opportunity to change his mind .A) accurate B) urgent C) excessive D) adequate注：adequate 足够的30. You will see this product _ wherever you go.A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising31. The early pioneers had to _ many hardships to settle on the new land.A) go along with B) go back on C) go through D) go into注：1. go through 经历困难而完成 congratulation（对新郎）best wishes（对新娘）2. go along with 陪伴 3. go back on 违背，背弃 4. go into 谈论，谈及32. The suggestion that the mayor _ they prizes was accepted by everyone.A) would present B) present C) presents D) ought to present注：should 省略虚拟33. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.A) whose B) which C) that D) what34. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _ at the next town.A) to stop B) stopping C) stop D) having stopped注：suggest doing 建议做.35. I didnt know the word. I had to _ a dictionary.A) look out B) make out C) refer to D) go over注：refer to 查字典36. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _ his arguments in favour of the new theory.A) to be based on B) to base on C) which to base on D) on which to base注：on which to do 介词+which+to do 结构相当于定语从句37. There are signs _ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A) that B) which C) in which D) whose 注：同位语从句38. I think I was at school, _ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.A) or else B) and then C) or so D) even so 注：or else 否则要不然39. It is said that the math teacher seems _ towards bright students.A) partial B) beneficial C) preferable D) liable注：partial 偏袒的40. In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _ trouble over the figures.A) extensive B) spare C) extra D) supreme注：extra 额外的41. -May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five oclock tonight? -Im sorry. M. Williams _ to a conference long before then.A) will have gone B) had gone C) would have gone D) has gone注：主考时态：将来完成时，过去完成时42. You _ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A) shouldnt follow B) mustnt followC) couldnt have been following D) shouldnt have been following43. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.A) have allowed B) allow C) allowing D) allows注：主谓一致，复杂主语中心词是growth，谓语动词用单数。44. Everybody _ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.A) assembled B) accumulated C) piled D) joined 注：assemble （人群的）聚集45. Putting in a new window will _ cutting away part of the roof.A) include B) involve C) contain D) comprise注：involve doing = need doing 需要46. Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _ obtaining fresh water is not the least.A) with which B) for which C) of which D) which注：of which 其中47. In the _ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.A) face B) time C) even D) course 注：in the event of 万一48. The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office.A) had not worked B) not to work C) does not work D) did not work注：would rather 加一般过去时表示虚拟。49. _, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.A) Although much he likes her B) Much although he likes herC) As he likes her much D) Much as he likes her50. The British constitution is _ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.A) within B) to C) by D) at重要的词性：1、动词和名词：名词是动作的发出者或承受者。2、形容词和名词：形容词修饰名词。 I love a beautiful girl.3、副词：副词修饰形容词；副词修饰动词；副词修饰副词。 I love a very beautiful girl. I always love a very beautiful girl. Not surprisingly, I always love a very beautiful girl.动词：谓语动词有且只有一个。如果再出现动词只能以非谓语形式存在：-ing, -ed, to do To get a high score, we have to study hard. I came in, followed by two dogs. Seeing is believing.口诀： 谓语非谓经常混 谓语句中就一个 其余动词非谓语 非谓形式有三种 -ing, -ed 和to do 现在分词表主动 过去分词表被动 目的要用不定式 主宾要用动名词一、谓语动词常考点：时态、语态、情态、倒装、主谓一致二、谓语动词的时态（共有16 种）： 时间：过去、现在、将来、过将（虚拟） 状态：一般、进行、完成、完成进行三、考试中主要考的三个时态：过去完成时、将来完成时、完成进行时1、过去完成时：到过去某个点为止所完成的动作；在过去发生了两个动作，先过去完成时后一般过去时。过去完成时与一般过去时常常成对出现。We _ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A) just have had B) have just had C) just had D) had just hadBefore the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _ necessary for all planes to land for refueling.A) would be B) has been C) had been D) would have been注：时态题，A和D是虚拟语气，应排除。过去完成时所以选C。A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _ from the sort of candles used only in churches.A) had come B) coming C) come D) that came注：1. because 从句缺谓语 2. 两个逗号中间的found on his clothes 是插入成分William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion. A) peculiarly B) indifferently C) vigorously D) inevitably注：1. peculiarly 奇怪地 2. indifferently 冷漠地 3. inevitably 不可避免地Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _ in the marker. A) batteries B) bargains C) baskets D) barrelsNot until the game had begun_ at the sports ground.A) had he arrived B) would he have arrived C) did he arrive D) should he have arrived注：Not until 连词，标明从句。主句倒装，从句不倒装。 Not until the vacation had begun did I pay tuition. Not until I had met Lily did I realize the importance of English. Not until I had met Lily did I realize that learning English is so easy.2、将来完成时：到将来某个点为止所完成的动作。 Well have learned 3000 words by the end of this year. by then 到那个时候By the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A) have found B) will be finding C) will have found D) are findingNot _, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.A) obviously B) surprisingly C) particularly D) normallyIts reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _ by about 10%.A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising注：rise to 上升到 rise by 上升了Between 1974 and 1997，the number of overseas visitors expanded _ 27%.A) by B) for C) to D) inIt is our _ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A) consistent B) continuous C) considerate D) continual注：continuous 连续不断的 considerate 体贴的 continual 时断时续的，断断续续的Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful _ it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes are behaviors.A) by which B) to which C) in that D) so that 注：in that 因为We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came _ view.A) from B) in C) before D) intoAlthough I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _ through the window.A) vision B) look C) picture D) viewI have no objection _ the evening with them.A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spendingMy train arrives in New York at eight oclock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _ by then. A) would leave B) will have left C) has left D) had left注：时间状语从句，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。All flights _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A) had been canceled B) have been canceled C) were canceled D) having been canceled注：because of 介词，此句为单句，谓语动词有一个，所以选非谓语动词。独立主格Remember that customers dont _ about prices in that city.A) debate B) consult C) dispute D) bargain 注：1. bargain 讨价还价 2. debate 辩论，争论 3. consult 咨询4. dispute 辩论,争吵 dispute overBy the end of the year all but two people _.A) have left B) will leave C) will be leaving D) will have leftOur journey was slow because the train stopped _ at different villages.A) unceasingly B) gradually C) continuously D) continually注：1. journey 旅行2. unceasingly 不停地，连续不断地3. gradually 逐渐地 4. continuously 连续不断地 5. continually 时断时续地，断断续续地These two areas are similar _ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A) to that B) besides that C) in that D) except thatBy the time you get to New York, I _ for London.A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have leftBy the time he arrives in Beijing, we _ here for two days.A) will have stayed B) shall stay C) have been staying D) have stayed3、完成进行时：更加强调时间性。现在完成进行时为例：They have been standing there for 3 days.It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right.A) had leaked B) has been leaking C) leaked D) is leaking非谓语动词三大类：分词、动名词、不定式分词常考题型：做状语、做定语分词作状语形式： ，主谓宾不管谓语和宾语，只看主语能不能做这件事。分词作状语题型，不定式不是答案。永远不是答案的形式：having +v-ed, been+ v-ed, be+ v-ed过去分词强调被动状态，现在分词强调主动进行。例：_, I am listening to the music.A) Standing by Mr. LiuB) Stood by Mr.Liu注：看主语能不能发出这个动作，还是动作的承受者来选择是-ing还是-edNo matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A) performed B) performing C) to be performed D) being performed注：“空格+逗号+主谓宾”表示分词作状语。 现在分词的常见形式：1. 一般式：v-ing 与谓语动词同步发生。2. being+ v-ed 表示正在被做。3. having +ed 表示动作发生谓语动词之前。（在四级考试中不是正确答案）Having destroyed their house, they lived in a cave_ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed注：分词作状语题型。 _ in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing.A) To look at B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at注：分词作状语题型，A和D选项首先排除，situation和look是被动关系，所以选CA lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough _ .A) nuisance B) trouble C) worry D) anxiety注：nuisance 讨厌的人独立主格结构：1、名词/代词现在分词/过去分词 2、在句中作状语 3、分词的一种，也有分词的几种事时态 4、with/ without复合结构All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off.A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered注：分词题型中 having +ed 都不要考虑The speaker, _ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience .A) having known B) being known C) knowing D) known注：having + v-ed做定语和状语都不会是答案Homework _ on time will lead to better grades.A) done B) be done C) having done D) to have been doneThe speech _, a lively discussion started.A) being delivered B) was delivered C) be delivered D) having been delivered注：1. 考的是过去式独立主格结构。 2. 按时间顺序，先讲座后讨论，所以选D。As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _ 50 households or more.A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having hadThe speech which he made _ the project has bothered me greatly.A) being concerned B) concerned C) be concerned D) concerning注：1. which he made定语从句本身不是划线的内容的话，可以将其去掉不考虑。 2. concerning 为介词，关于。相当于 about/ over（国外常用）； concerning/ as to（国内考试用）。 3. bother 打扰；brother 兄弟 fiend 魔鬼；friend 朋友动名词：动作性的名词1、是名词，可作主语和宾语。2、两种形式：-ing 形式表示主动Seeing is believing；being + v-ed 表被动 being exposed to。3、前面可有动作的发出者，即带主语（宾格/所有格）I remember him offering.4、后面可有动作的承受者，即带宾词 Starving troops is necessary.5、动名词作主语时谓语动词一定要用单数。6、动名词的否定前面直接加not。口诀：动名词功能多 能做主能做宾 主动形式-ing 被动形式being done 可带宾可加主 主为宾格所有格After _ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A) being interviewed B) interviewed C) interviewing D) having interviewed 注：介词后缺宾语，应为被动形式。_ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A) The girl was educated B) The girl educatedC) The girls being educated D) The girl to be educated需要接动名词的动词：COMPARE: consider object to mind prevent/ permit avoid risk enjoyMISTAKE: miss imagine suggest tolerate appreciate keep escapeThe teacher doesnt permit _ in class.A) smoke B) to smoke C) smoking D) to have a smokeI appreciate _ to your home.A) to be invited B) to have invited C) having invited D) being invitedJean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _ for her examination.A) to prepare B) to be prepared C) preparing D) being prepared注：be busy doingMark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A) having been fined B) to have been fined C) being fined D) to be finedI would appreciate _ it a secret.A) you to keep B) your keeping C) that you keep D) that you will keepThe man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company.A) have told B) having told C) being told D) be told注：1. to 在这里是介词。（having+v-ed唯一正确的一次） 2. to 作介词的词组：object to, look forward to 等Its no use _me not to worry.A) you tell B) your telling C) for you to have told D) having told注：固定句型 Its no use doing. 做什么事情是没有用的They are considering _before the prices go up.A) of buying the house B) with buying the house C) buying the house D) to buy the houseHe went ahead _ all warnings about the danger of his mission.A) in case of B) because of C) regardless of D) prior to注: 1. go ahead 继续 2. mission 任务None of the servants were _ when Mr. smith wanted to send a message.A) availableB) approachableC) attainableD) applicable不定式的常考形式：作定语，作状语1、作状语表目的 To become a teacher, you must have a master degree.2、定语表示将要做，分词作定语表示已完成。the surface to be glued （即将被粘好的）/ the surface glued（已经被粘好的）3、不定式的省略，如 help，使役动词 have，感观动词 see。 口诀：一个感觉 feel 两个听 hear/ listen to 三个让 have/ make/ get/ let（听力中） 四个看 notice/ watch/ observe/ see 半个 help 两均可 被动以后 to 还原My sisters professor had her _ her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee.A) rewritten B) to rewrite C) rewrite D) rewriting注：have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _ it closely.A) followed B) following C) to follow D) being followed注：1. 独立主格结构 2. 两个名词之间用-ing形式 3. 自然现象用主动形式Dont get your schedule _; stay with us in this class.A) to change B) changing C) changed D) changeThey are going to have the technician _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A) install B) to install C) to be installed D) installed注：1. 主动才能带宾语，have sb. do sth. 结构。 2. technician 技术工人In Australia the Asians make their influence _ in businesses large and small.A) felling B) feel C) felt D) to be feltIm very sorry to have _ you with so many questions on such an occasion.A) interfered B) offended C) impressed