定语从句attributiveclauses.ppt

定语从句 attributive clauses,He is my student. My student works very hard.,He is my student,. My student works very hard.,who works very hard.,Xinxiang is a city.,The city lies in the north of Henan.,Xinxiang is a city that lies in the north of HN.,定从必备特征,1. 先行词+引导词+从句,2. 先行词和引导词具有意义重复的特点。,3. 引导词与从句形成完整的句子。即，先 行词可以和从句形成完整的句子。,关系词的分类： 1.关系代词 关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语，表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：who, that, which, whom, whose 2. 关系副词 关系副词在定语从句中做状语，常用的关系副词有：when, where, why.,1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，可省略。 The man (who) I talked with is my teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. 2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。 The man(whom) I noded to is Mr. Li. 3.which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last years. This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan. 4.that指人或物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man (that) I told you about. 5.whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，不可省略。 This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake. We live in a house whose windows face south.,关系代词的基本用法,关系代词用法注意点,1.that 和which 都可指物，但以下情况只能用that,不能用which。 1) 当先行词有人又有物时。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about. 2)当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, anything, nothing, somthing,everything,none等时 This is all that I want from the school.,3)当先行词被the only, just, the very, one of ,right,last, much, any等词修饰时。如 This is the very book that I am looking for these days. 4)当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时。如： The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 5)当先行词被序数词修饰时，如： The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 6)当主句是以who 或which开始的特殊疑问句时，如：,Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 7)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词以用which，另一个宜用that。 They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution. 8)当先行词有such 或有the same修饰，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。如： She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday. 9)先行词是集体名词时，多用that He wants to join the team that won the game.,2. that 和who 都可指代人，但下面的情况下用who，不用that 1) 当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one, anyone,no one, nobody, anybody, none, those, people等 People all like those who have good manners. 2)当先行词有较长的后置定语或被分割的定语从句时 Professor Smith is coming soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English.,whose 引导定语从句需注意点 1)whose 与它所修饰的名词在一起可以作介词是宾语。 The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news. 2)whose 的先行词指物时，可以用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+n=the+n+of+which 或=of which+the+n. The novel whose title(=the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting.,3)whose先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同即whose+n=the+n+of whom或=of whom +the+n. The boy whose mother (=the mother of whom 或 =of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend. 4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。 Those who are against the plan put up your hands. Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.,巩固练习 1.用定语从句合并句子 1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday. 2)The dress is new. She is wearing it. 3)He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. 4)This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.,Beijing is the city _has got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.,which / that,用合适的关系代词填空。,Ye Xin is a nurse _ died in the fight against SARS.,who / that,Titanic is the ship _ sank after hitting an iceberg.,which / that,Rose and Jack are the lovers _ met on the ship.,who/that,2. 用适当的关系词填空 1) The girl_is standing next to our teacher is her daughter. 2)The girl_our teacher is talking with is a famous singer. 3)The girl_mother is a teacher can speak English very well. 4)I cant find the book_is borrowed from the library. 5)I cant find the book_you lent to me.,介词+which/whom引导的定语从句 1.介词的选用原则 1)根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定 This is the book on which I spent 8dollars. This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars 2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定 I remember the day on which I joined the Party. I remember the days during which I lived there. 2.当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。,The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I cant find the pen with which I was writing. 3.当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用which/that(指物)who/whom/that（指人）作从句中介词的宾语，而且作介词的宾语的关系代词可以省略。 Dad is a person (whom/who/that) I can easily talk to. Is this the play(which/that) you were talking about just now.,改错,1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from Class Two. 2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. 3. This is the very pen that you gave it to me it before. 4. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick.,whom,whose,who,4.在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前，如： This is the watch(that/which) I am looking for. The babies(who/whom/that) teh nurse is looking after are very healty. 5.先行词是the way 意为“方式”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/which 或省略 I didnt like the way(that/in which) she talked to me.,关系副词when,where,why,1.when 用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when 在定语从句中做时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词” I still remember the day when(=on which) I first came to Nanjing. My mother was born in the year when (=in which) World War broke out. 2.where 用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中做地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”,This is the farm where(=on which) we worked when we were young. The school where( in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city. 3.why 用关系副词why，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中做原因状语，why 可以换成for which There are several reasons why(for which) the boys should be punished. Tom couldnt give the teachere the reason why( for which) he was late for the school.,注意点 1.当先行词为time,表示“次数”时，应该用关系词that或省略 This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country. 2.当point,situation,case 等词做先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语 Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used.,巩固练习 1.October1,1949 was the day_China was founded. 2.Beijing is the place_I came. 3.Is this the reason_he didnt want to see me. 4. Is this the room_we were living last winter. 5.The days are gone_we used“foreign oil“. 6.Yesterday, we had a meeting_we discussed many problems.,对比练习，用适当的关系词填空。 1.The room_he once lived is still there. The room_ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother. 2.I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day_we spent together. 3.The reason_I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time. The reason_I dont know is known to him.,非限制性定语从句,1.定义 非限制性定义从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。 My watch, which is very old, stopped again. 2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句之间的差别 1) 限制性定语从句与主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。非限制定语从句则不然,This is the best book that I have read. This is a good book, which is easy to understand. 2).限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个n或pron.而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以时部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as/which引导。 As we know, the earth is round. 3)限制性定语从句可以用that来引导，非限制性定语从句不可以。 4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。,5)关系代词在非限制性定语中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如： He has two daugheters, the elder of whom is married. 6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。 He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying.,关系代词as,which在引导非限制性定语从句的区别 1) as 和which 都可以指主句