翻译疑问句的讲解及练习.doc

反意疑问句的讲解及练习由陈述句 + 附加疑问句两部分构成。一般有两种形式：前肯后否或前否后肯。对附加疑问部分应注意以下几点： 1）主语只能用人称代词；2）附加疑问句的not必须与（be /助/情）缩写；3）附加疑问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。eg.1)Tom is a worker, isnt Tom?(找错)_ 2)You can swim, can not you?(找错)_ 3)He had lunch, doesnt he?(找错)_特别注意以下几种反意疑问句1. 陈述部分含否定意味的词(few, little,never, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none)，附加疑问句应使用肯定形式（但前缀词unhappy, unlike, disappear等列外）eg. They are unhappy, arent they?2.陈述部分的主语是everything, something, nothing, anything时，附加疑问句的主语应用it；陈述部分的主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one时，附加疑问句的主语应用they。eg.1)Everything is ready, _? 2)Everyone is here, _?3.陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问句一般用：will you? 但注意：Lets , shall we?Let us , will you?4.陈述部分含must时，附加疑问句一般用neednt.eg. I must finish my work now, _?5.陈述部分是there be结构时，应用there be结构来完成。eg. Theres little water, _*6.陈述部分含宾语从句时，疑问部分通常与主句一致。但当主句的谓语动词是think, believe且主语是I , we时，即：I / We think (believe) + 宾从，则附加问句应与从句一致。Im sure + 宾从也是如此eg.1)She said I did it, _? 2)We dont think you are right, _? 3)Im sure youll help me, _?*7.Im , arent I?eg.I am older than you, _?8.陈述部分含had better, 疑问部分应用had better来回答。eg. Youd better go out , _?9.陈述部分是感叹句，附加问句的人称代词应与主语一致。eg. 1)What a kind girl, _? 2)What a fine day, _?练 习( )1.You had to work for 10 hours yesterday, _?A. didnt you B. did not youC. had not you D. did you( )2.Dont eat too much, _?A. will you B. dont you C. do you D. can you( )3.Lily looks like Lucy, _?A. is Lily B. isnt sheC. does Lily D. doesnt she( )4.-You didnt change your mind, did you- _.A. No, I didnt B. Yes, did IC. No, I did D. Yes, I didnt( )5.The woman hardly let her daughter go to school, _ she ?A. does B. doesnt C. did D. didnt( )6.Be sure to come to the parents meeting on time, _?A. will you B. arent youC. cant you D. mustnt you( )7.Lets have a good rest, _?A. will we B. do weC. shallnt we D. shall we( )8.He has never ridden a horse before, _?A. does he B. has heC. hasnt he D. doesnt( )9.Tom has supper at school, _?A. hasnt he B. has heC. doesnt he D. does he( )10.There is little water in the glass, _?A. isnt there B. isnt itC. is it D. is there否定意义的词否定意义的词 （1）当陈述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing，none,rarely 等否定意义的词汇时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式： eg:There are few apples in the basket, are there? He can hardly swim, can he? They seldom come late, do they? （2）当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词，也就是有un-前缀、-less后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词，当做肯定句处理，疑问部分要用否定形式。如： He looks unhappy,doesnt he?他看上去不高兴，不是吗？ The girl dislikes history,doesnt she?这女孩不喜欢历史，不是吗？有less,fewer等词视为肯定词，疑问部分用否定形式。如：There will be less pollution, wont there?表示主语主观意愿的词含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时，视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。 (1.)当主句的主语为第一人称时，其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如： I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you? 值得注意的是，当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时，其仍属否定句，故其后的简短问句应用肯定式，而非否定式。例如： I dont believe that he can translate this book, can he? We dont imagine the twins have arrived, have they? 此类句子的回答同前否后肯型反意疑问句一样，如上述后一个句子，若双胞胎已经到了，则回答为Yes, they have.；若尚未到达，使用No, they havent.。 (2).当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致（此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关.）。例如：Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she? (3)但如果主句的时态是过去时等等，疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致。had better或have陈述部分有had better,或其中的have表示完成时态时，疑问句应用hadnt等开头： Youd better get up early, hadnt you? 其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用dont等开头 如have表示“有”的时候，有两种形式：（have 表示有 可用do或 have来改写） -He has two sisters,doesnt he? =He has two sisters,hasnt he? -He doesnt have any sisters,does he?祈使句当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达，分三种情况： 1）一般情况下用will you 或 wont you。 e.g. Give me a hand,will you? Leave all the things as they are,wont you? 2)以Lets开头的祈使句，前肯后可肯可否，前否后只可，疑问句必须用shall we;只有以Let us（听话人不被包括在“US”里面）或Let me开头的祈使句，问句才用will you。 e.g. Let us know the time of your arrival . Let”s try again,shall we? Let me help you,will you? Lets have a look on your book，will you？（听话人不包括在us里面） 3)当陈述句是否定的祈使句时，问句可用will you 或 can you 。 e.g. Dont make much noise,will/can you?There be句型There be 句型中，反义疑问部分必须为be 动词 + there There are some apples in the basket, arent there? There isnt any milk left, is there?must.当陈述部分有情态动词must，问句有4种情况： （1） mustnt表示“禁止，不可，不必”时，附加问句通常要用must. You mustnt stop your car here,must you? 你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？ （2）must表示“有必要”时，附加问句通常要用neednt. They must finish the work today,neednt they? 他们今天要完成这项工作，是吗？ （3）当must用来表示对现在的情况进行推测时，问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。 He must be good at English,isnt he? 他英语一定学得很好，是吗？ （4）当must+have done表示对过去的情况进行推测（一般句中有明确的过去时间状语），问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didnt+主语”或“wasnt/werent+主语”；如果强调动作的完成（一般没有明确的过去时间状语），问句要用“havent/hasnt+主语”。 She must have read the novel last week,didnt she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说，是吗？ You must have told her about it,havent you? 你一定把这事告诉她了，是吗？练习1.Its very hot today,_? 2.He can speak Chinese,_?3.Meimei studies in a middle school,_?4. He never gets up late ,_? 5. Dontgoout at night,_?6.He never loves cold weather ,_?7. You finished the task yesterday,_?8.It_ a good day for swimming, is it?9.Tom has been to Singapore ,_?10.The storyis little interesting,_?11.Everything starts to grow in spring,_?12.He can hardly finish his homework,_?13.Im in Class 3,Grade 2,_? 14.Lets go shopping ,_?15.She doesnt like climbing hills ,_?16.I dont think it is cold today,_?17. You think he is a good flight attendant, _?18.Nobody knows where she lives,_?19.Few students can answer the question,_?20.Mike likes English, _?21.That was a wonderful night, _?22.Your sister helped him, _? 23.Tom is skating, _？24.You arent a teacher, _?25.They havent been to the Great Wall, _?26.You will join the soccer team, _?27.He likes neither apples nor pears, _?28.There are some good books for you, _?29.They have been there twice, _? 30.Lets do it now, _?31.You dislike this kind of gifts, _?32.Nothing is impossible, _?33.Everything is possible, _?34.He doesnt go to school by bus, _?35.There is little milk left in the bottle, _?36.Let us