状语从句语法口诀.doc

英语语法口诀第一部分 定语从句1. 定语从句概述a) 定语从句起定语修饰作用，分为限定性和非限定性两种，非限定性通常有逗号验证I have plenty of friends who are from foreign countries.I have plenty of friends, some of whom are from foreign countries.b) 先行词，关系词，定语从句，如此一线性The man先行词 that关系词 instructed me 定从句is a famous expert.c) 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词作主宾表定，关系副词作状语才行：关系词三大作用：1.代替先行词；2.引导从句；3.在从句中充当成分The murder was caught alive in the house先行词：只能是名词或者代词，而不能是介词，所以in the house不是先行词，而是the house where 在本句中作用：代替先行词the house；引导从句 he killed three women；在句子中充当状语成分，即he killed three women in the househe killed three women.2. 三步法选关系词a) 首先找出先行词，带入从句看成分是其次，（主表宾定不合适，状语必然是，用关系副词）再由先行词及其成分定关系词 I will never forget the day 先行词，代入从句中，主表宾定不合适，其必作状语，故应用关系副词whenwhen I met the president.3. 关系代词的选用a) 人用that whom who。b) which that 用于物c) that 真是个人物，既充人又充物；既当宾又当主d) whom 只做宾，which that who 既宾又主e) whose 作定语（=名词+of which），不分人或物The tall house whoseWhose 作定语，代替物house windows face the south is my office.4. 关系副词的选用a) 先行词the time，需用关系副词时，用when 才可以若关系词在从句中充当状语，则关系词应用when，the time +when（=on which）I will never forget the days when I lived with you happily.I will never forget the days whichWhich代替days在从句中做宾语 I spent learning English .b) 先行词the place，需用关系副词时，where来效力若关系词在从句中充当状语。则关系词应用where，the place+where（=in which）c) 先行词the reason，需用关系副词时，why有用武之地若关系词在从句中充当状语，则关系词应用why，the reason +why（=for which）d) When where why都可用“相应介词+which”来代替 Why=for which; where=on/in/at which; when=on/in/at which5. 某个关系词不能使用的情形和关系词的省略a) 介词后不用that，who，而用which，whom引导定从的关系词如果在介词后作介词宾语，则关系词不能用that和whoThe train on which she was traveling was late.Who is the girl to whom you speak?b) 逗号后that资格不够c) 限定性定从中关系词作宾或表，可去可留.注：在非限定性定语从句中，关系词一般不能省略。6. 定语从句中的特殊情况a) 插入语，先拿走，句子成分方可求I married Bright, who I believed 插入语，删除后，关系词在从句中做主语，所以用who as an honest man.I married Bright, whom I believed充当句子成分，不是插入语，关系词在从句中做宾语，所以用whom to be an honest man.b) 先行词没有，the one/ones加前头当被定从休息的先行词没有出现时，可以用the one或ones充当先行词。Is this problem the one原句中先行词未出想，加the one，在从句中作宾语，省略了关系词 you have thought of for ten years?c) 先行词是one of+名词复数，定从谓复, 先行词是the only one of +名词复数，定从谓单He is one of my friends who help me overcome difficulties.He is the only one of my friends who helps me overcome difficulties.7. 关系词as 和which的用法a) As, which 引导非限制性定从，说明整个主句b) As引导的从句与主句是一致关系c) Which引导的从句与主句多是因果关系d) As在句子中的位置随你意，which用于句首不可以e) As充当主宾状，既充人又充物f) The same。as；such。as搭配要牢记8. 特殊情况关系词的选用a) 1先行词是不定代词、数词、序数词、最高级，或被它们来修饰;2 only，very，no，little，few;3 有人又有物；4先行词在主句中作表语的结构；5或关系词在充剧中作标语的结构；上列情况每一种，关系词that抢占风头，which稍逊一筹b) 1先行词是one，ones，anyone，those指人时;2 there be中修饰主语的定从，宜用who，不用that充 Anyone who breaks the law shall be punished.Theres a fat man who wants to fight with you.c) （口语中）关系副词可用that代替，也可省去Every time 关系词在从句总作状语，应用关系副词that此处用that代替when，也可省略 he takes part in the exam, he feels nervous.d) 先行词是the way，用that，in which或省去No one liked the way The way可用先行词that或in which，也可省略that/in which the teacher ordered us.9. 其它a) What(=all that)不能充当定语从句关系词All thatAll that=what,即what=先行词+关系词 he said excited us.b) 并列连词and，but，or，so一出席，此句往往与定语从句无关系My mother bought lots of books, but they are useless.c) But也可以引导定从作主语，带有否定意义There was not a single person there b