初中非谓语动词-动名词及分词讲解及练习.doc

初中语法总结及练习九非谓语动词-动名词及分词动名词 动名词同时具有 _ 特性及_的特征，它的动词特征是它可有宾语和状语；它的名词特征是它可做主语、宾语。动名词的形式：否定式为 _ doing, 完成式为 _，被动式为_ /having been done 动名词可充当： 主语(Seeing is believing);谓语动词必须用 _ 数形式; 作表语(be+:注意比较His job is washing clothes/he is washing clothes)；作定语reading room 动名词与所修饰的名词没有逻辑主谓关系，试比较missing bike);作补语I saw this robbing Peter to pay Paul.(我把这叫做拆了东墙补西墙); 作_词、_ 词的宾语(如enjoy doing, look forward to doing)动名词与不定式作直接宾语时在含义上的区别forget doing/to do sth. remember doing/to do sth. stop doing sth.和stop to do sth. regret doing sth. 表示“后悔过去做过的某一件事情” regret to do sth.意思是“对正在做的，或者是还未做的事情表示后悔”。want, need, require表示“需要”的意思时，后面常使用动名词或不定式的被动式。This car needs repairing. This car needs_ (repair).动名词的常用句型 go + doing sth. 去做be worth doing sth. cant help + doing sth. be used to + doing sth. It is no use(good)+doing sth. forgive sb. for doing sth./prevent sb. from doing sth. without + doing sth. 没有做就She kept sitting there without saying to anybody.她一直坐在那里，默不做声。 no + doing.表示“禁止，不准”。No parking. 分词分为 _ 分词和 _ 分词两种形式。现在分词与过去分词的比较所表示的语态不同: 现在分词具有主动和进行的含义，常用于修饰_；而过去分词含有被动的意思，经常用于说明_的情况。如：an exciting film/the excited people 所表示的时间不同：现在分词表示正在进行的动作、行为；而过去分词是说明 _了的动作或行为。如：developing countries /developed countries所表示的语义不同：多数现在分词可译为“使人怎样”；用来说明事或物的性质；而过去分词的含义为“某人感到怎样”，说明人的感觉。其它：moving/moved, amusing/amused, boring/bored, astonishing/astonished, discouraging/discouraged, disappointing/disappointed, frightening/frightened, inspiring/inspired, amazing/amazed所用的修饰语不同: 现在分词之前常用表示程度的修饰语 _，而过去分词之前常用much。The game is very exciting. Were _ excited at the game.现在分词有_词和形容词的双重特性，可作定状补表，有时式和语态的变化，有逻辑主语。现在分词常可用作定语、表语( interesting,)现在分词短语一般置于所饰的名词之_ The car parking under the tree.现在分词用作补语 表示感官的动词接现在分词，表示动作正在发生(notice, watch等)或使役动词 (have, get, keep, leave等) 如：I kept the boy _ (wait).用作主补，常用于被动语态中 如：He was seen stealing money.现在分词常可用作状语 表时间，可置于句首、中、末，如：She drove away_ (cry).分词动作与谓语动作同时发生; Climbing to the top, I saw it. 分词动作与谓语动作先后发生; Not_ (finish)the homework, he had to stay up late at night .完成式表示分词动作在谓语动作之前发生。现在分词之前可用连词when或while(e.g. when sleeping) 强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。表原因，可置于句中、末，如: _ (be) sick I stayed at home.表条件，可置于谓语之前或之后，如：Ill be better off walking.表让步，如：_ (know) this, they made me pay for this coat.表结果、方式，如：She threw the doll on the floor _ (break) it to pieces;现在分词短语具有替代从句的作用替代定语从句 Students wishing to go hiking should sign their names here.（=Students who wish to go hiking should sign their names here.）替代状语从句的作用Knowing that he couldnt solve the problem in this way, he changed his mind. (Because he knew that he couldnt solve the problem in this way, he changed his mind.)分词的独立主格结构 分词或者分词短语作状语使用时，其逻辑主语一定要和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，须在分词之前加上它的逻辑主语，这就是独立主格结构。After a little while, her eyes being full of tears, the mother came over and embraced him.经常使用现在分词的句型 be busy + doing sth. /spend (waste) time(money)+doing sth. /catch (find) sb.+ doing sth. 抓住、发现某人在做某事I found myself lying on the ground.(=I found that I was lying on the ground.)/have sb. + doing sth. 让(请)某人做某事 e.g. Do you have anybody sending your daughter home?/keep sb. + doing sth 让某人持续做某事过去分词具有_词和形容词的双重特性。在句中的作用相当于形容词和副词，在句中可用作定、状、补、表语。过去分词可用作定语；用作表语，如 be surprise with 。用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随。_(When/while) Heated, the mental expands.(受热即膨胀)_Gone from home so long, he looks forward to the meeting with his old friends._United, we stand; divided, we fall._ (Although)Fell far behind from the others, he still keeps on trying._She stood there much disappointed. （填写时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随）用作补语用作宾补时，其前的动作多为感官动词和使役动词。E.g. He is having their house_ (paint) .用作主补The fire is reported controlled.用作表语时，相当于形容词；过去分词用于被动态时，则表动作。The road is completed. (竣工)专项练习:1.No one enjoys _ at.A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2.You must do something to prevent your house_ .A. to be broken inB. from being broken in C. to break inD. from breaking in 3.They insisted on _another chance to try.A.given B.giving C.being given D.to be given 4.Where is my passport? I remember_it here.You shouldnt have left it here. Remember_ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC. putting；to take D. to put；taking 5.His room needs _ , so he must have it_.A. painting；paintedB. painted；painting C. painting；painting D. painted；painted 6.After finishing his homework he went on _ a letter to his parents.A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write 7.The young trees we planted last week require _with great care.A. looking after B. to look afterC. to be looked after D. taken good care of 8.Only_ English doesnt mean _the language.A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learning C. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning 9.She returned home only to find the door open and something _.A. missed B. to be missing C. missingD. to be missed 10.She decided to devote herself _the problem of old age.A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study 11. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired12. Its no good _ over split milk.A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry13. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing14. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning15. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited16. My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped17.We should often practice _ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking18.Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying19.His parents insist on _ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D.him to go20.The story was so funny that we _. A. couldnt help laugh B. cant but laugh C. couldnt help laughing D. couldnt help but to laugh21._ the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears. A. After hearing B. On hearing C. While hearing D. Having heard22. I regretted _ that to her.A. having saidB. to have saidC. to say D. /23._ clean is a safeguard against disease. A.To be keeping B.Kept C.Keep D.Keeping24.Seeing is _. A.to believe B.believing C.believed D.being believed25-Whats made Ruth so upset?-_ three tickets to the folk music concert.A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. Since she lost26Dont forget _ this book to John when you see him.A. to return B. returningC. return D. to returning27Only one of these books is _.A. worth to read B. worth being readC. worth of reading D. worth reading28We are both looking forward to _ next week.A. going on vacation B. go on vacationC. be going on vacation D. have gone on vacation29He had no difficulty _ the problems.A. working outB. having worked outC. to have worked out D. to work out30-Youve done very well this time. -Its really kind_. A. for you to say soB. for you saying so C. of you to say soD. of you saying so31.It is better to lose ones life than _. A. if you lose your spiritB. losing his spirit C. to lose ones spirit D. your spirit getting lost 32.-I cant work it out this way. -Why not _ it some other way? A. try to do B. try doingC. trying to do D. trying doing 33. To say is one thing, and _is another. A. to do B. doingC. to do it D. saying it 34. Since you find it difficult _a decision, youd better _ a discussion with your parents. A. reach; haveB. reaching; have C. reach; having D. to reach; have 35. He would rather go than_ here for the night. A. to stay B. stayC. staying D. stayed 36.The purpose of mastering a new technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult. A. not makeB. not to make C. not making D. do not make 37. Ive worked with children before, so I know what_ in my new job. A. expected B. expects C. to expect D. to be expecting 38.There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know_ . A. where to choose B. what to chooseC. which to choose D. to choose which 39. She didnt know whether to sell her books or_. A. to keep them for reference B. if she should keep them for reference C. keeping them for reference D. kept them for reference 40. Paul doesnt have to be made _ .He always works hard. A. learn B. to learnC. learned D. learning 41. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_ . A. not toB. not to doC. not do it D. do not to 42. The patient was warned _oily（油腻） food after the operation. A. to eat notB. eating not C. not to eatD. not eating 43. I would