刘嘉欣邹家玉初二英语第23讲宾语从句、if引导的状语从句、Unit7复习.doc

中小学个性化辅导专家中大学优教育辅导讲义学员编号（卡号）： 年 级：初二 第 23 课时学员姓名： 邹家钰 辅导科目：英语 教师: 刘嘉欣课 题宾语从句、if引导的状语从句、Unit7复习授课时间：2014-05-02备课时间：2014-04-30教学目标复习并掌握unit7的单词、短语和语法重点、难点复习并掌握unit7的单词、短语和语法考点及考试要求中考词汇要求：1.了解英语词汇包括单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配等形式：2.理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义：3.运用词汇描述事物、行为特征，说明概念等：4.学会使用1500-1600个单词和200-300个习惯用语和固定搭配。中考考试语法项目表：1. 名词2. 代词3. 数词 4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词 6. 形容词7. 副词 8. 冠词： 9. 动词 10. 时态 11. 被动语态 12. 非谓语动词：动词不定式 13. 构词法14. 句子种类15. 句子成份 16. 简单句的五种基本句型 17. 并列句复合句18. 主从复合句教学内容宾语从句一、关于宾语1.宾语是动作的承受者，一般放在及物动词后面。如：Ourteambeatalltheothers.我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。2.有时为了强调，宾语也可以放在句首，如：Twoweeksyoushallhave.你可以有两周的时间。3.名词作宾语Facethefacts!4.代词作宾语Theywonthurtus.5.数词作宾语Ifyouadd5to5,youget10二、宾语从句的用法宾语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就叫做宾语从句。三、宾语从句结构1、主句+that（无词义，可省略）+从句（陈述句语序）2、主句+whether/if（是否）+从句（陈述句语序）3、主句+疑问词+从句（陈述句语序）四、宾语从句的引导词引导宾语从句的引导词按所引导的句子结构特点可以分为三类。1、that引导的宾语从句原句如果是陈述句，变宾语从句时要用that引导，that无实义，只起到引导的作用。在口语和非正式文体中常可省略。如:(1)Ithink(that)Icansellnewspapers.我想我可以卖报纸。(2)Iknow(that)heisaCanadianathlete.我知道他是一名加拿大运动员。(3)Doyouthink(that)thechildrenneedtowrite.你认为孩子们需要写一首歌吗？(4)Mariasays(that)shedoesntliketheuniforms.玛丽亚说她不喜欢校服。2、whether/if引导的宾语从句原句若是一般疑问句，变宾语从句时用whether/if引导，whether/if意为“是否”。如：(1)Iwanttoknowwhether/ifpeoplewillleaveassoonastheyfinisheatinginwesterncountries.我想知道西方国家的人是否是一吃完饭就离开。(2)Couldyoutellmeif/whetheritspolitetospeakloudlyatthetable?你能不能告诉我吃饭时大声讲话是否有礼貌？(3)Idontknowif/whetheryouareright.我不知道你是否正确。注意：whether/if引导的宾语从句用法区别用whether/if“是否”引导的宾语从句，通常情况下whether/if可以互换。但以下情况whether不能用if换：（1）Whether后面紧跟有ornot时。如：Idontknowwhetherornotitrains.我不知道是否会下雨。Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego我不知道我们是去还是留。（2）在介词之后用whether。如：IminterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings我担心是否伤了她的感情。（3）在不定式前用whether。如：Hehasntdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。Idontknowwhethertogo我不知去否。Hehasntdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。（4）whether引导主语从句位于句首首时。如：Whethertheywillgobyairorbytrainhasntdecided.他们是乘飞机去还是乘火车去还没有定下来。（5）有些动词(如：discuss)后面只能跟whether，不能跟if。如：Wediscussedwhetherweshouldlethimjoinourteam.我们商量是否让他加入我们队。（6）whether可以与虚词it连用，并可引导不定式，但if不能这样用。如：Itsnotclearwhetherhewillbeabletocome。他是否会来还不清楚（7）引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion她是否能来还是个问题。Thequestioniswhetherwecancatchthebus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。（8）若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook可理解为：aPleaseletmeknowwhetheryoulikethebook请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。bIfyoulikethebook，pleaseletmeknow你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。3、疑问词引导的宾语从句原句如果是特殊疑问句，变宾语从句时要用特殊疑问词引导。疑问词包括疑问代词（what,which,who,whose)和疑问副词（when,how,where,why)。如：Doyouknowwhothatmanisoverthere?你知道那边那个人是谁吗？YoumayaskwhatNorthAmericanpeoplewearonspecialdays.你也许会问北美洲的人在特殊的日子里穿什么衣服。IaskTomwhichChinesedishishisfavorite.我问汤姆他最喜欢的是那一道中国菜。IdontknowwhowillcometotheEnglishcorner.我不知道谁会来英语角。Canyoutellmehowyoudealwiththeproblem?你能告诉我你怎样解决这个问题吗？Canyoutellmewheretheyare?你能告诉我他们在哪里吗?Iaskhimwhyhishotdogsaresopopular.我问他为什么他的热狗这么受欢迎。五、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序一定要使用陈述句语序。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：（1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。如：Couldyoutellmewhoknowstheanswer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？Thesmallchildrendontknowwhatisintheirstockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？（2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，howmany，howmuch等。如：Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestinourclass.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。Theteacheraskedushowmanypeopletherewereintheroom老师问我们房间里有多少人。（3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，howmany，howmuch，when，why，how，where，ifwhether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：HehasntdecidedifhellgoonatriptoWuxi他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。CouldyoutellmewhatIshoulddowiththemoney？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？（4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，howmany，howmuch，how等。如：Doyouknowwhichclassheisin？你知道他在哪个班吗？SheaskedmeifIknewwhosepenitwas她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。六、宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题（1）如果主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要选用相应的任何时态。如：Idontknowwhenhewillcomeback我不知道他将何时回来。Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。（2）如果主句是过去时，宾语从句只可根据需要选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：Thechildrendidntknowwhohewas孩子们不知道他是谁。Heaskedhisfatherhowithappened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。（3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun老师说地球绕着太阳转。七.宾语从句口诀宾语从句三注意，时态、语序、引导词。主句若是过去时，主从时态要一致。宾从表达是真理，一般现在就可以。引导词也不难，陈述可用that连。一般问句表“是否”，if或whether来引导。特殊问句作宾从，疑问词引导就能行。还有一点要说明，陈述语序要记清。习题（一）1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictionary today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled答案：1-5 A D C B C习题（二）1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose答案：1-7 C B B A A A C习题（三）1. They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me _what last year. A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it4. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5 Did you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after6 Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing答案：1-6 B D B A A C句式连词语序陈述句that不变一般疑问句If/whether改为陈述语序特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序宾语从句的时态问题主句一般现在时态一般过去时态从句保留原来时态改为过去的某个时态客观事实和自然现象除外所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化一般现在时态一般过去时态现在进行时态过去进行时态(was/were doing)现在完成时态过去完成时态（had +过去分词）一般将来时态过去将来时态（would do;was/were going to do）if引导的条件状语从句条件状语从句是在复合句中作条件状语的句子。表示假如有从句的动作发生就会有主句的动作发生。条件状语从句常由从属连词if引导。if引导的条件状语从句使用须知：一、位置if引导的条件状语从句，既可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后。当从句置于主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开。例如：Youwillcatchthebusifyougetupearly.=Ifyougetupearly,youwillcatchthebus.如果你早起的话，就能赶上公共汽车。二、时态应遵循主、从句时态呼应的原则。当主句是一般现在时(包含祈使句和含情态动词can,may,must等的句子)，从句也用一般现在时。例如：Youmustseethedoctorifyouareill.如果你生病了，你必须去看医生。Ifyouwanttogoskating,wearwarmclothes.如果你想去滑冰，穿上暖和点的衣服。如果主句是一般将来时，从句必须用一般现在时。例如：Youwillbelateforschoolifyougetuplate.如果你起晚了，你上学将迟到。Ifitrainstomorrow,wewontgototheGreatWall.如果明天下雨，我们就不去长城了。三、注意事项1.在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时时，不能够使用begoingto结构，而要用will。例如：IllhelpyouwithyourEnglishifIamfreetomorrow.如果明天我有空，我会帮你学英语。2.在if引导的条件状语从句中不能够使用some，而要用any。例如：Ifyouhaveanyquestionstoask,pleasecometomyoffice.如果你有问题要问的话，请到我办公室来。【巩固练习】一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.IfIruneveryday,I_(be)healthier.2.Ifyou_(noteat)healthily,yourbodywontbewell.1. Ifyousleepwell,you_(feel)better.2. 4.Ifyou_(relax),youllsleepbetter.5.Domoreexercise,anditwillmakeyourmindandbody_(work)better.二、完成句子（一空一词）。1如果你要过马路，不要乱跑。_aroundifyoucrosstheroad.2明天如果下雨的话，我们将呆在家里。We_athomeifit_tomorrow.3.如果你能说好英语的话，你就可以容易地与外国人交谈。Ifyoucan_Englishwell,you_foreignerseasily.4.如果你对别人好，人们也会对你好。Ifyourenicetopeople,they_toyou,too.5.如果学生不对考试如此担心的话，他们会更开心的。Ifstudentsdontworryaboutexamssomuch,they_.三.选择填空（20分）( )1. My uncles family is very poor, so he _ work hard to make more money. A. need to B. needs to C. needed to( )2. I often chat with my classmates _ the phone in my free time. A. onB. throughC. at( )3. _ lovely day! Lets go for a picnic, shall we? Good idea!A. WhatB. How aC. What a( )4. Do you think Brazil will beat Japan in the next match?Yes. They have better players. And I _ to watch the match next Sunday. A. hopeB. preferC. wish( )5. She didnt sing the song _ at the party last night. A. enough goodB. well enoughC. good enough( )6. When you have some difficult math problems, you can _ your math teacher. A. turn toB. turnC. ask for( )7. Our English teacher is often pleased _ what we are doing in class. A. asB. toC. with( )8. I lost my MP3 on my way to school yesterday. _ You must be careful next time. A. Take care!B. Excuse me! C. Its a great pity!( )9. Shall we invite our English teacher to the food festival?Thats a good idea! But I _ think she _ come. A. dont; willB. /; wontC. do; wont( )10.She said _ a famous write was coming to Fuzhou next Sunday. A. it B. that C.what( )11. Its very kind _ you to help me with my English. A. forB. ofC. to( )12. There is a bridge _ the river.A. onB. overC. from( )13. Please _ the ham and green onions finely, then add them to the bread. A. cut upB. cut intoC. cut off( )14. Dont worry. My father will _ us up in the car if it rains tomorrow. A. bringB. takeC. pick( )15. I remembered _ off the light last night, but it was still on. A. turningB. to turnC. turn( )16. I dont know _ its polite or not to eat with our arms or elbows on the table in America. A. ifB. whetherC. weather( )17. In old days, people often used animals _ in the fields. A.for workingB. to workC. to working( )18. There is _ butter on it. I hate butter A. too muchB. much tooC. very much( )19. Its impolite _ laugh at others in our country. A. toB. forC.with( )20. I want to know if Bob _ us in the discussion tomorrow. I believe if he _ his homework, he will join us. A. will join; will finish B. will join; finishes C. joins; will finish第二部分 基础知识运用.单项选择。（20分）( )21. Michael has a temperature, so he isnt able to come._A. Im sorry to hear that. B. Im disappointed. C. Good luck. D. Take it easy. ( )22 She _ a gift from Johnson yesterday, but she didnt _ it.A. received; receiveB. accepted; receive. C. received; accept. D. accepted; accept ( )23. Do you have difficulty _ English?A. to learnB. of learningC. learningD. learn( )24. Helen is 15 years old, and Joan is 18. So Helen is _ Joan. A. as big asB. as young asC. not so old asD. as old as( )25. How will you feel when _?A. you happen bad somethingB. you will happen something badC. bad something will to youD. something bad happen to you( )26. Tom didnt go hiking with his classmates _ his illness. A. becauseB. because ofC. asD. since( )27. Mr. Li makes me _, because it is bad for my health. A. dont smokeB. not smokeC. not smokingD. not to smoke( )28. If you are _ trouble, please call me _ 72335611.A. in; inB. at; atC. at; inD. in; at( )29. He feels lonely because he has no close friends _.A. to talkB. to talk withC. talkingD. talking with( )30. The man refused to say sorry to me, _ it was his mistakes.A. becauseB. whenC. afterD. even though( )31. Mom, Ill go to my friends party, but I dont know what to wear. Could you make a _ for me? OK. Let me see. A. adviceB. senseC. suggestionD. decision( )32. China is _ the west of Japan and _ the east of Asia. A. in; toB. to; inC. on; toD. at; in( )33. If it _ tomorrow, I _ not go there by bike. A. rained; willB. rains; willC. is going to rain; doD. rains; do( )34. Tom misses his brother very much and he is looking forward _ him. A. to hear fromB. hearing fromC. to hearing fromD. heard from( )35. What beautiful clothes you are wearing! They must be expensive. No. They only _ me fifty yuan. A. costB. spentC. paid forD. took( )36. _ is it from here?Its about five minutes walk. A. How longB. How soonC. How oftenD. How far( )37. Hi, Jim! Whats your plan?I will be on _ holiday. A. a two-dayB. a two dayC. a two-daysD. a two-days( )38. When Jane heard the news, she couldnt help _. A. to cry B. cryC. criedD. crying( )39. On my way _ home, I lost a ticket _ Titanic. A. to; toB. to; ofC. /; ofD. /; to( )40. The old man lives _ but he doesnt feel _. A. lonely; aloneB. lonely; lonelyC. alone; lonelyD. alone; alone . 完形填空。（20分）Traffic rules help to keep order on the road. They also help to keep people 41 . The pedestrian(行人) has as many rules to 42 as the driver of a car. You should walk on the sidewalk(人行道) or at the side of the road. Always look 43 before you walk across the street. If you like riding a bike, dont ride in the middle of the road or run 44 red traffic lights. When you ride a bike with a friend, dont look around or talk.If you drive a car, you should 45 at the traffic lights. You must always 46 a seat belt(安全带). Without belts 47 the driver and the passengers may be badly hurt in a sudden accident. You may not need to take a bus, but 48 if you have to travel in one. Get on or get off a bus only when it comes to a 49 . When it is full, dont try to get inside, 50 you may fall off.Traffic rules are also called Road Safety rules. The maxim(格言) for all road users is “Thinking about others”. ( )41. A. healthyB. safeC. happyD. careful( )42 A. followB. makeC. breakD. pass( )43. A. happyB. happilyC. carefulD. carefully( )44. A. throughB. acrossC. alongD. around( )45. A. speed upB. go aheadC. get offD. slow down( )46. A. takeB. wearC. carryD. bring( )47. A. halfB. noneC. bothD. all( )48. A. look aroundB. look outC. look afterD. look back( )49. A. signB. stopC. cornerD. crossing( )50. A. andB. soC. orD. but. 阅读理解。（30分）（A、B两篇每小题1分，C、D两篇每小题2分） (B)Some Advice on TravelForget fashion(时尚)! Always wear your most comfortable clothes when going on longjourneys(旅行).Traveling on trains and buses can be boring, so take a good book to read.If youre going somewhere cold, remember to put on your warm clothes!If you are going somewhere sunny, remember to bring your sun-block(防晒霜) and sunglasses.Always take a camera with you to capture those special moments.Be careful with your things whenever you go to a busy place, like a train station. There are many thieves there!Most countries have lower prices for students, so if you are a student, take your student card with you.Always leave room in your bag and buy presents on the way home.Bus tours often stop at expensive shops along the way, save your money by buying presents at local shops.If you travel abroad(国外), remember to take your passport. Whatever you do, dont lose it!根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。( )55. If you go to Hainan Island for a trip in summer, you should take _ with you. A. warm clothes and sports shoesB. sunglasses and sun-blockC. fashionable(时尚的) clothes and a big bagD. some fruit and drinks( )55. According to the passage, _ is a good way to keep away from boredom(单调) while youre on a train or a bus. A. taking a cameraB. listening to musicC. reading a good bookD. sleeping for some time( )57. If a student wants to buy some presents at lower prices while traveling, he should show _ to the shop assistant. A. pricesB. his thingsC. his passportD. his student card( )58. The underlined word “capture” in this passage means _. A. 拍摄B. 感受C. 抓住D. 控制(C)Many people like to travel by plane, but I dont like it because the airport is usually far from the city. You have to get there early and wait for hours for the plane to take off which is often late. You cant open the windows. You cant choose the food. Planes are fast, but it still takes hours to get out of the airport and into the city.I like travelling by train. I think trains are safe. Railway stations are usually good in cities. When you are late for a train, you can catch another one. You can walk around in the train and open the windows. You can see many interesting things on your way, though it takes a little more time. I also like cars. You can start your journey whenever you want to, and you dont need to get