定语从句的翻译.ppt

定语从句的翻译方法,孙燕 杨颖 徐韦韦 张玲玲,定语从句的翻译方法： 一. 前置法 二. 后置法 三. 融合法 四. 分译法 五. 转化法,一. 前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。 既然定语从句的意义是作定语修饰语，所以在翻译的时候，通常把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语，翻译在定语从句的先行词前面。,He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。,China and Japan reached agreement on the issue of agriculture which was a major barrier for their bilateral relation since 1996.,二. 后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句 在英语从句结构比较复杂的情况下，如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而无法叙述清楚。这时，可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，译成并列分句。翻译时可以用两种方法来处理。,1. 重复先行词 由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分，如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。 China and Japan reached agreement on the issue of agriculture which was a major barrier for their bilateral relation since 1996. 中日两国最终就农业问题达成了协议，而农业问题自一九九六年起就是两国关系发展的主要障碍。,Although he is a green hand, he has enterprise and creativity which are decisive in winning success in the field. 他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。,2 .省略先行词 如果把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，在“通顺、完整”的前提下，有时候可以不用重复先行词。 It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. 是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。 After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night. 饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。,三. 融合法：把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。 融合法是指翻译时把主句和定语从句融合成一句简单句，其中的定语从句译成单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句与主句关系较紧密，所以，融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句。,1.定语从句的主句里有“there be”、“to be”等动词时，可以把原句中的主语和定语从句融合在一起，译成简单句。 There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。 This was the period when Newton began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Gravity. 就在这期间，牛顿开始了一项研究。经过这项研究，他创立了著名的重力理论。,2.定语从句的动词在整个复合句中分量较重，可将其主句压缩成词组译作主语，而把定语从句的动词译作其谓语。 He had great success in football which made him an idol in the eyes of every football player. 他在足球领域取得的成就使他成为每一个足球运动员的偶像。,四. 分译法：分译法是指将主句和从句分开翻译的一种方法，主要用于非限制性定语从句里。 采用这种方法可避免句子的冗长和累赘。有些定语从句在修饰关系上与先行词之间关系显得较为疏远，这时，我们通常会将定语从句译成独立的句子。,One was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective. 有一次暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实在是我平生所鲜见的。这场暴风雨遮住了我的目标。 Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully, which showed that the computations were accurate. 不过问题还是圆满地解决了，这说明计算是很精确的。,五.转化法 1. 转化成原因状语从句 The manager was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from. 经理只宴请了几个人，因为他特别想和这些人谈谈，听听他们的意见。 No one in the company likes their boss, who is bad-tempered and stingy . 公司里没人喜欢他们的老板，因为他脾气暴躁、人又小气。,2 . 转化成结果状语从句 The two countries established formal diplomatic relation, which paved the way for the further communication. 两国正式建立了外交关系，从而为双方进一步的交流铺平了道路。 They quarreled with each other everyday, which led to their divorce. 他们夫妻二人天天吵架，最终导致离婚。,3. 转化成让步状语从句 He insisted on buying another car, which he actually didnt need. 他坚持要再买一辆车，尽管他并不需要。 My father, who thought it might not work, supported me. 尽管父亲认为这个办法可能不会起作用，但还是支持我。,4 .转化成目的状语从句 This company, which wants to get their new product sold well in the market, is trying hard to perfect its packing and workmanship. 为了使新产品在市场热销，这个公司正在全力改进工艺和外包装。,5.转化成目的状语从句 A new product which has beautiful packing, good quality and adv