现在分词和过去分词的用法之状语用法.doc

语法专练（二） 分词做状语 2007-9-6 by Jennie Tang现在分词和过去分词的用法之状语用法在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；分词（包括现在分词（the Present Participle）和过去分词（the Past Participle）。非谓语动词的句法功能： 句子成分非谓语 主语表语宾语补语定语状语不定式（to do）动名词(V-ing)（极少）现在分词(V-ing)过去分词(V-ed)注意：分词按其构成及意思上的主被动关系不同，可分为现在分词和过去分词。虽然现在分词和过去分词在句子中所作的成分大体相同，但在意思上有主动和被动之分。一般说来，现在分词表示主动，而过去分词表示被动。两者所表示的时间也不相同，现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词则表示已经完成。现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。1)分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。1.Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.=_, they all jumped with joy.2.Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. = _, ou can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. 3.Given better attention, the plants could grow better. =_, the plants could grow better. 4.He looked tired and depressed, disturbed by the news of his mothers illness.=_, He looked tired and depressed. 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。5.Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we dont have enough hands). 6.Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) .7.Inspired by the international help, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation. (the working people were inspired/ inspire the working people)8._the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (cet-4 1996,6) a)having believed b) believing c) believed d) being believed 本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，即分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此应用现在分词，答案为b. 9.No matter how frequently _, the works of beethoven always attract large audiences. (cet-4 1995,6) a) performing b) performed c) to be performed d) being performed本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为b.10. _as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (cet-4 1996,1)a) being published b) published c) publishing d) to be published本句中as引导的是让步状语从句，意思为：他的作品尽管在被这样的时候出版，还是引起了关注，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为b.2)“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。11.When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.while waiting for the train, i had a long talk with my sister about her work.12.Once recovered, he threw himselfsintoshis work and made every effort to do it well. 13. Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.if translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.练习：1. Sunday, the students are at home.A. Being B. To be C. It is D. It being2.The boy lay on his back, his teeth and his glaring eyes .A. set； lookedB. set； lookingC. setting； looked D. setting； looking3.All the thing，his proposal is of greater value than yours.A. considered B. considering C. to consider D. consider4.who she was, she said she was Mr.Johnsons friend.A. Asking B. Asked C. To be asked D. When asking5.He hurried to the station,the 9：30 train had already left.A. to findB. found C. only to findD. only finding6.Which do you enjoy your weekends, fishing or watching TV?A. spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend7.all my letters, I had a drink and went out.A. FinishedB. Having finished C. FinishingD. To finish8.She had no money a birthday present for her children.A. to buy withB. buying C. boughtD. with which to buy9.From the dateson the gold coin, it is conformed that it was made five hundred years ago.A. markingB. marked C. to be markedD. having been marked10.time and labour, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved11.ONeal works hard. He is often seen heavily before his teammates start.A. sweatedB. to be sweated C. sweatingD. being sweated12.I can hardly imagine Peteracross the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days.A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed13.Suchthe case, I couldnt help but him.A. being； supportB. is； to support C. has been； supportingD. be； supported14.Does the way you thought ofthe water clean make any sense?A. makingB. to make C. how to makeD. having made15.In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hoursin my study.A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. being locked16.You will find the word “psychology” under “P” in your dictionary.A. have listed B. list C. listed D. listing17.Sandy could do nothing but to his mother that he was wrong.A. admitting B. admits C. admit D. to admit18.When I caught him cheating me, I stopped things in his shop.A. buying B. buy C. to buy D. bought19.A doctor can expectat any hour of the day or night.A. callingB. to call C. being calledD. to be called20.Nearly every great building in Beijing was built south.A. to faceB. facing C. to have facedD. being facing21.With his son, the old man felt unhappy.A. to be disappointedB. disappointing C. being disappointedD. to disappoint22.It wascomputer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons. A. to have playedB. playing C. playedD. having played23.And there, almostin the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet. A. having lost B. losing C. to be lost D. lost24.As I will be away for at least a year, Id appreciatefrom you now and thenme how everyone is getting along.A. hearing； tell B. to hear； tell C. hearing； tellingD. to hear； to tell25.The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, after 11 pm.A. to stay outB. from staying out C. staying outD. not to stay out26.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time the last bus.A. catchingB. to catch C. having caughtD. to have caught27.to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposed C. Being exposedD. After being exposed28.Mike didnt startthe importance of a foreign language till he graduated from school.A. knowingB. to know C. know D. to have known29. Why was a special meeting called? a new chairman.A. To elect B. Electing C. Our electing D. Elected30. Why did Bob weep? He couldnt bearlike that before the whole class.A. making fun ofB. being made fun of C. to be laughed atD. being made fun31.The students expected theremore reviewing classes before the final exams.A. is B. to be C. being D. have been32.I dont mindby bus, but I hatein queues.A. traveling； standB. to travel； to standC. traveling； to standD. traveling； to standing33.We are looking forward tothe filmat the Grand Cinema.A. seeing； to showB. see； shown C. seeing； shownD. see； to show34.At the shopping-centre, he didnt know whatandwith an empty bag.A. to buy； leave B. to be bought； left C. to buy； leftD. was to buy； leave35.The policeman put down the phone, with a smile on his face.A. satisfied B. satisfying C. to be satisfiedD. having satisfied36., your composition is full of mistakes.A. Writing carelessly B. Written carelessly C. Having written carelessly D. Being written carelessly37.She made a candleus light. A. give B. gave C. to give D. given38. What do you suppose made her worried? a gold ring. A. Lose B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing39.I know its not important, but I cant help about it.A. to thinkB. and think C. thinking D. being thought40.several times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments.A. Having been failedB. Having failed C. Though failed D. Because of failure41.all over the hill and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.A. To grow B. Growing C. Grown D. Grow42.Who are you going to havethis letter for you? My secretary. A. type B. typed C. been typed D. been typing43.The foodat the moment is for the dinner party.A. cookedB. to be cooked C. is being cookedD. being cooked44.A kind old gentleman offeredmy bags to the taxi stand. A. his help carriedB. carrying C. me to carryD. to help me to carry45.You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman hadher children.A. brought upB. to bring up C. bringing upD. to have brought up46.He wastoday, but was asked to stay forweek.A. to have returned； another B. returning； one moreC. returned； another D. to return； other47. Where should I send my form? The Personnel office is the place.A. for sending itB. to send it to C. to sendD. to send it48.I could feel the windon my face from an open window.A. to blow B. blowing C. to be blowing D. blown49. Lucy, why didnt you come last Sunday? I, but my father was in hospital.A. would B. had C. was going to D. did 50.What terrible weather! I simply cant get the car. Why not trythe engine with some hot water?A. starting； fillingB. start； fillingC. started； to fillD. to start； fill非谓语动词专练50题参考答案1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.A11.C 12.C13.A 14.B 15.B 16.C17.C 18.A19.D 20.B 21.B 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.A 26.B 27.C 28.B 29.A 30.B31.B。expected there to be的形式相当于expected there would be.。32.C。mind意为“介意”, 后面接-ing形式； hate后可以接-ing形式或to do两种形式。33.C。look forward to（to为介词）后面接-ing形式；film与show之间含有被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。34.C。“特殊疑问词不定式”结构在句中作宾语；left与didnt know并列。35.A。be satisfied with“对满意”,即satisfy与with紧紧相连时,必须用其过去分词。36.B。write所表示的动作与其逻辑主语有被动关系。Being written为现在分词进行时的被动,表示该动作正在进行,与题意不符,所以选B。37.C。不定式作目的状语, 意为“她制了一些蜡烛用来照明”。38.C。39.C。cant help表示“忍不住”后面接-ing形式；表示“不能帮助”时,后面接不定式。40.B。fail这一动作发生在主句谓语动词之前,所以用现在分词的完成时,并且为主动概念。41.B。all over the hill and around the lake为地点状语提前。wild flowers是长在“山上及湖的周围”的。42.A。who为have的宾语。43.D。根据句子意思可知该动作正在进行,所以用being done形式。44.D。本题考查offer与help的用法, 即offer to do sth.与help sb.(to) do sth。45.C。本题考查have difficulty(in) doing sth.这一结构。本句中 the woman had为定语从句,修饰difficulty。46.A。be tohave done结构,表示本应该做某事,但事实上却没有做。47.B。本题考查不定式作定语的用法。根据send的用法，send sth.to some place，故选择答案B。48.B。blow这一动作是wind发出的,所以为主动,因此选择blowing。49.C。该题考查了动词不定式的省略现象。由题意可知是表示过去的一种打算或计划，在“was going to”后省略了前面的内容或动作，故应选C。50.A。get the car starting意为“使汽车发动起来”；try doing 意为“试着做某事”。非谓语动词专练50题参考答案及简析1.D。本题考查独立主格结构,因为前后主语不一致,所以前面分词的逻辑主语不可以省略。It being Sunday相当于As it is Sunday。2.B。独立主格结构在句中作伴随状语, teeth 与set两个词之间含有逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词；look这一动作是eyes所发出,所以用looking。3.A。独立主格结构在句中作状语,因为things与consider之间含有被动关系,所以用过去分词。4.B。分词短语作状语,因为ask与句子的主语（she）之间有被动关系,所以用过去分词。5.C。本题考查“（only）不定式”与“-ing形式”作结果状语的区别。“only不定式”表示该结果在主语的预料之外；接“-ing”形式表示由主句所产生的逻辑上的结果。6.B。本题考查不定式作目的状语,本题极易误选A。其实 enjoy的宾语为fishing or watching TV。7.B。因finish这一动作发生在I had a drink and went out之前,所以必须用现在分词的完成式。8.D。介词关系代词不定式的结构可以在句中用作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。9.B。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。不定式作定语时,表示将来的动作；现在分词作定语,表示主动、进行；过去分词作定语,表示被动、完成。因为dates是被标在gold coin上,所以用过去分词表示被动。10.A。不定式作目的状语。11.C。分词在句中作主语补足语。因sweat这一动作是he所发出,所以为主动。12.C。Peter为逻辑主语，与sailing构成复合结构，作imagine的宾语。13.A。cant help but为固定短语, but后面接不带to的不定式；Such being the case为独立主格结构，the case为逻辑主语。14.B。15.B。lock与其逻辑主语应含有动宾关系,即 “被锁在书房里”。16.C。单词psychology被列在 “P”之下,有被动关系。17.C。but表示 “除了”,为介词,当其前面有动词do的各种形式时,but后接不带to的不定式。18.A。当stop后面接不定式时,表示“停下来去做某事”；如果接-ing形式,则表示“停止正在做的事”。19.D。expect后面接不定式。由题意可知,doctor与call之间是被动关系。20.B。现在分词在句中表示状态。21.B。with复合结构在句中作状语,表示原因,意为“由于儿子很是令人失望。”22.B。本题为强调句型，被强调的部分是句子的主语，所以采用-ing形式。23.D。be lost in是固定短语，意为“陷入之中”。变为分词短语作状语时，仍用过去分词lost。24.C。appreciate后直接接-ing形式作宾语。25.A。本题考查forbid 的用法。当forbid用作被动形式时,构成be forbidden to do结构。26.B。27.C。由题意