水文地质与工程地质常见的专业英语词汇.doc

水文地质与工程地质常见的专业英语词汇（勘察报告类）水文地质类孔隙水：pore water裂隙水：crevice-water；fracture water抽水试验：pumping test压水试验：water pressure test Hydraulic pressure test注水试验：water injection test渗透系数：coefficient of permeability包气带：zone of aeration上层滞水：perched water潜水：phreatic water承压水：confined water含水层：aquifer地下水侵蚀性：groundwater erosion降排水工程：dewatering and drainage engineering多孔介质：porous medium水质标准：water quality standard地下水水质：quality of the groundwater流域：valley, basin地下水 groundwater 地下水流域 groundwater catchment 地下水条件；地下水情况 groundwater condition 地下水连通实验 groundwater connectivity test 地下水量枯竭 groundwater depletion 地下水流量；地下水溢流 groundwater discharge 地下水分水岭 groundwater divide 地下水排水工程 groundwater drainage works 地下水流向 groundwater flow direction 地下水位 groundwater level 地下水监测 groundwater monitoring 地下水污染 groundwater pollution 地下水水压测试 groundwater pressure measurement 地下水体系 groundwater regime 地下水位 groundwater table 地下水位变动 groundwater table fluctuation工程地质类原位测试：in-situ tests岩土工程勘察报告：geotechnical investigation report不良地质作用：adverse geologic action岩土参数标准值：standard value of geotechnical parameter土工试验：soil engineering tests现场检验：in-situ inspection现场监测：in-situ monitoring 工程地质测绘：engineering geological mapping地基土：foundation soil岩土层：layer，stratum (复strata)地基承载力特征值：characteristic value of subgrade bearing地基变形允许值：allowable subsoil deformation地基处理：ground treatment复合地基：composite foundation承载力：bearing capacity持力层：bearing stratum桩：pile承台：pilecap钻孔灌注桩：drilled concreting piles人工挖孔桩：hand-excavated hole piles (artificial hole piles)沉管灌注桩：driven cast-in-place pile深层搅拌桩: deep mixing method预制桩：pretesting piles静压桩：static-driving pile (Jack Up Pile)高压旋喷灌注：high-pressure rotary grouting桩基础：pile foundation桩土承台：pile-soil-pilecap动力触探：dynamic sounding标准贯入试验：SPT (standard penetration technique) 土钉：soil Nailing地质灾害：geological hazards地裂缝：ground fissure管涌：piping泥石流：mud-rock flow滑坡：landslide指标：index (复indexes或indices)地震烈度：seismic intensity; earthquake intensity地震基本烈度：basic seismic intensity场地卓越周期：site predominant period建筑场地类型：site classification for construction剪切波速：equivalent velocity of shear wave静力触探：static cone penetration test剪切波速测试：measurement of sheer-wave velocity液化：liquefaction地震影响：earthquake effects地下水对混凝土无侵蚀性：the groundwater has little erosion to reinforced concrete边坡：slope锚固：anchoring阶地：terrace岩溶区：karst area淤泥：sludge (muck)风化：weather冲积：alluvial (.adj.)残积土：residual soil填土：fill人工杂填土：artificial mixed fills粉土：silt.粉砂：silty sand细砂：fine sand粗砂：coarse sand砾石：gravel卵石：cobble漂石：block海相粘土：marine clay颗粒级配：grain size distribution湿度：soil moisture塑限：plastic limit粘聚力：cohesion塑性指数：plasticity index物理力学指标：physical and mechanical indices抗剪强度：shear strength岩石抗压强度：comprehensive strength of rock地基加固：ground stabilization土壤加固：soil stabilization挡土墙：retaining wall胀缩：swell-shrink敏感性：susceptibility膨胀灵敏度：swell sensitivity超固结土：overconsolidated clay翻译常用英语单词阐述：is presented; statement; be discussed阐明：expound涉及：deal with揭示：discover; show; exhibit得出结论：draw a conclusion from; （或）：come to a conclusion 认为：firmly believe建议：suggest值：value性质：properties, characteristics厚度：thickness在论文最后：at the end of the thesis断定：conclude that-数量：quantity确定：determine拟建：a structure planning to build 证实：confirm住宅楼：dwelling综合办公楼：composite office building小区：district达到标准：come up to the standards选择为：be chosen for核实：make sure统计：statistics (n)统计数字：statistical figure防治对策：prevention strategic measure水量丰富：rich in water resources组分：constituent结果：as a consequence引起：give rise to地质类词汇岩浆岩：igneous rock变质岩：metamorphic rock沉积岩：sedimentary白云岩：dolomite白云质灰岩：dolomitic limestone凝灰岩：tuff安山岩：andesite花岗岩：granite玄武岩：basalt泥岩：mudstone硅质页岩：siliceous shale板岩：slate（岩层）走向：strike（岩层）倾角：dip angle（岩层）产状：strike-dip （区域）地质构造：tectogenesis tectonic movement构造活动性：tectonic activity张节理：tension joint活断层：active fault地裂缝：ground fissure粘土矿物：clay mineral路桥基勘察：墩：pier桥墩：reinforced concrete bridge piers高速公路：express highway，expressway国道：national way路基：roadbed路线：route路段：a section of a highway中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 标 准 GB/T 1415793 水文地质术语 Hydrogeologic terminology水文地质学 hydrogeology水文地质学原理(普通水文地质学)principles of hydrogeology(general hydrogeology)地下水动力学 groundwater dynamics水文地球化学 hydrogeochemistry专门水文地质学 applied hydrogeology供水水文地质学 water supply hydrogeology矿床水文地质学 mine hydrogeology 土壤改良水文地质学 reclamation hydrogeology环境水文地质学 environmental hydrogeology同位素水文地质学 isotopic hydrogeology区域水文地质学 regional hydrogeology古水文地质学 pa1eohy