LINUX下磁盘分区.doc

fdiskCentos下磁盘管理 1.磁盘分区格式说明linux分区不同于windows，linux下硬盘设备名为（IDE硬盘为hdx（x为从ad）因为IDE硬盘最多四个，SCSI，SATA，USB硬盘为sdx（x为az），硬盘主分区最多为4个，不用说大家也知道.所以主分区从sdb1开始到sdb4，逻辑分区从sdb5开始，（逻辑分区永远从sdb5开始）设备名可以使用fdisk l查看2.分区详解登录到系统，使用fdisk -l命令查看磁盘状态此处可以看到两块硬盘hda和hdb，第一块硬盘hda是装好系统的。hdb硬盘是未进行分区的。本例将这个10G的硬盘分区，分区计划：分一个主分区 ，大小3G，文件格式ext3.三个逻辑分区，大小分别为2G，2G，3G。实际分区个数和大小可论情况所定。下面就是分区的详细步骤，由于是每一步都进行了截图和说明，内容略显复杂，其实很简单。输入 fdisk /dev/hdb 然后回车，给硬盘进行分区。如下图PartedLinux下分区详解之-Parted通常我们用的比较多的一般都是fdisk工具来进行分区，但是现在由于磁盘越来越廉价，而且磁盘空间越来越大;而fdisk工具他对分区是有大小限制的，它只能划分小于2T的磁盘。但是现在的磁盘空间很多都已经是远远大于2T了，甚至达到2.5T和3T,那要怎么办能，有两个方法，其一是通过卷管理来实现，其二就是通过我们今天谈到的Parted工具来实现对GPT磁盘进行分区操作。GPT格式的磁盘相当于原来MBR磁盘中原来保留4个partition table的4*16个字节，只留第一个16个字节，类似于扩展分区，真正的partitiontable在512字节之后，GPT磁盘没有四个主分区的限制。1、 Parted工具详解：1.1 进入Parted的方法(在命令行输入Parted命令即可)rootjetsen # partetWarning: Unable to open/dev/hdc read-write (Read-only file system)。 /dev/hdc has beenopened read-only.GNU Parted 1.8.1Using /dev/hdcWelcome to GNU Parted! Typehelp to view a list of commands.(parted)1.2 获取parted工具帮助的方法：(只需输入help即可)(parted) helpcheck NUMBER do a simple checkon the file systemcp FROM-DEVICE FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partitionhelp COMMAND prints general help,or help on COMMANDmklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel(partition table)mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE filesystem on partititonNUMBERmkpart PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partitionmkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file systemmove NUMBER START END move partition NUMBERname NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBERas NAMEprint free|NUMBER|all display the partition table,a partition, orall devicesquit exit programrescue START END rescue a lostpartition near START and ENDresize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER andits file systemrm NUMBER deletepartition NUMBERselect DEVICE choose the deviceto editset NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG onpartition NUMBERtoggle NUMBER FLAG toggle the state of FLAG onpartition NUMBERunit UNIT set the defaultunit to UNITversion displays thecurrent version of GNU Partedand copyright information(parted)或rootjetsen # parted-helpUsage: parted OPTIONDEVICE COMMAND PARAMETERSApply COMMANDs withPARAMETERS to DEVICE. If no COMMAND(s)are given, run ininteractive mode.OPTIONs:-h, -help displays this help message-i, -interactive where necessary, prompts for userintervention-l, -list lists partition tables ofall detected devices-s, -script never prompts for userintervention-v, -version displays the versionCOMMANDs:check NUMBER do a simple checkon the file systemcp FROM-DEVICE FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partitionhelp COMMAND prints general help,or help on COMMANDmklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel(partition table)mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE filesystem on partititon NUMBERmkpart PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partitionmkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file systemmove NUMBER START END move partition NUMBERname NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBERas NAMEprint free|NUMBER|all display the partition table, apartition, or all devicesquit exitprogramrescue START END rescue a lostpartition near START and ENDresize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER andits file systemrm NUMBER deletepartition NUMBERselect DEVICE choose the deviceto editset NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG onpartition NUMBERtoggle NUMBER FLAG toggle the state of FLAG onpartition NUMBERunit UNIT set the defaultunit to UNITversion displays thecurrent version of GNU Parted and copyright informationrootjetsen #1.3 退出parted工具(只需输入quit即可)(parted) quitInformation: Dont forget toupdate /etc/fstab, if necessary.并且同时会提示及时更新/etc/fstab文件2、 开始通过parted工具来对磁盘进行操作2.1 查看单个磁盘状态rootjetsen #parted /dev/sdbGNU Parted 1.8.1Using /dev/sdbWelcome to GNUParted! Type help to view a list of commands.(parted) pModel: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sdb:16.1GBSector size(logical/physical)： 512B/512BPartition Table:msdosNumber Start End Size Type File system Flags1 32.3kB 16.1GB 16.1GB primary ext3(parted)2.2 查看所有磁盘状态rootjetsen #parted -lWarning: Unable toopen /dev/hdc read-write (Read-only file system)。 /dev/hdc has beenopened read-only.Error: Unable toopen /dev/hdc - unrecognised disk label.Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sda:21.5GBSector size(logical/physical)： 512B/512BPartition Table:msdosNumber Start End Size Type File system Flags1 32.3kB 107MB 107MB primary ext3 boot2 107MB 21.5GB 21.4GB primary lvmModel: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sdb:16.1GBSector size(logical/physical)： 512B/512BPartition Table:msdosNumber Start End Size Type File system Flags1 32.3kB 16.1GB 16.1GB primary ext3Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sdc:16.1GBSector size(logical/physical)： 512B/512BPartition Table:loopNumber Start End Size File system Flags1 0.00kB 16.1GB 16.1GB ext3Error: Unable toopen /dev/sdd - unrecognised disk label.Error: Unable toopen /dev/sde - unrecognised disk label.Error: Unable toopen /dev/md0 - unrecognised disk label.2.2 通过parted工具来创建大于2T的分区rootjetsen #parted /dev/sdeGNU Parted 1.8.1 -Parted的软件版本号Using /dev/sde -将执行下面操作盘Welcome to GNUParted! Type help to view a list of commands. 欢迎信息(parted) mklabel -创建创建磁盘标签New disk labeltype? gpt(parted) p -查看分区状态Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sde:2190GBSector size(logical/physical)： 512B/512BPartition Table:gptNumber Start End Size File system Name Flags(parted) mkpartPartition name? ? gpt2t -指定分区名称File system type? ext2ext3 -指定分区类型Start? 1 -指定开始位置End? 2190GB -指定结束位置(parted) P -显示分区信息Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sde: 2190GBSector size (logical/physical)： 512B/512BPartition Table: gptNumber Start End Size File system Name Flags1 17.4kB 2190GB 2190GB gpt2t(parted) Q -退出Information: Dont forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary. -提示不要忘记更新/etc/fstab文件2.3 通过parted工具来实现单磁盘多分区rootjetsen #parted /dev/sddGNU Parted 1.8.1Using /dev/sddWelcome to GNUParted! Type help to view a list of commands.(parted) p -列出分区信息Error:Unable to open /dev/sdd - unrecognised disk label. -由于没有打上磁盘标签，所以表现信息无法列出(parted)mklabel -创建磁盘标签New disk labeltype? gpt -输入磁盘表情名(parted) p -再次列出磁盘分区Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi) -显示磁盘类型为SCSI磁盘Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB -磁盘大小为1100GBSector size(logical/physical)： 512B/512B -扇区大小为512BPartition Table:gpt -显示标签名为我刚才输入的标签名称Number Start End Size File system Name Flags -现在是一新硬盘还没有创建分区(parted)mkpart -创建分区Partitionname? ? part1 -指定分区名称File systemtype? ext2? ext2 -定义分区类型Start? 1G -指定起始位置End? 10G -指定终止位置(parted)mkpart -创建分区Partitionname? ? part2 -指定分区名称File systemtype? ext2? ext2 -定义分区类型Start? 11G -指定起始位置End? 100G -指定终止位置(parted)mkpartPartitionname? ? part3File systemtype? ext2?Start? 101G -指定分区其实位置End? -1 -指定到分区最后(parted) p -显示分区信息Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sdd:1100GBSector size (logical/physical)：512B/512BPartition Table:gptNumber Start End Size File system Name Flags -查看到下面共有三个分区1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part12 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB part23 100GB 1100GB 1000GB part3(parted) rm 3 -删除分区3(parted) p -再次查看分区状态Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sdd:1100GBSector size(logical/physical)： 512B/512BPartition Table:gptNumber Start End Size File system Name Flags -显示分区删除成功，只剩下两个分区1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part12 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB part2(parted) quitInformation: Dontforget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.rootjetsen #ls -l /dev/sdd*brw-r- 1 rootdisk 8, 48 May 10 16:48 /dev/sddbrw-r- 1 rootdisk 8, 49 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd1brw-r- 1 rootdisk 8, 50 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd2rootjetsen #2.3 通过parted工具来删除分区rootjetsen # parted /dev/sdeGNU Parted 1.8.1Using /dev/sdeWelcome to GNU Parted! Type help to view a list of commands.(parted) pModel: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sde: 2190GBSector size (logical/physical)： 512B/512BPartition Table: gptNumber Start End Size File system Name Flags1 17.4kB 2190GB 2190GB gpt2t(parted) rm 1 -删除分1号分区(parted) p -显示分区信息，看如下是没有分区的Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sde: 2190GBSector size (logical/physical)： 512B/512BPartition Table: gptNumber Start End Size File system Name Flags(parted) qInformation: Dont forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.rootjetsen #2.4 通过parted工具来创建文件系统rootjetsen #parted /dev/sdd -选择要格式化的磁盘GNU Parted 1.8.1Using /dev/sddWelcome to GNUParted! Type help to view a list of commands.(parted) mkfs 2ext3 -格式化的类型为ext3分区号为2-Warning: Theexisting file system will be destroyed and all data on the partition willbe lost. Do youwant to continue?parted: invalidtoken: 2Yes/No? yes -再次确认是否格式化Partition number?2 -再次输入磁盘分区号File system? ext2? -格式化的类型(parted)查看格式化是否成功：(parted) p -查看文件系统是否被格式化Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)Disk /dev/sdd:1100GBSector size(logical/physical)： 512B/512BPartition Table:gptNumber Start End Size File system Name Flags1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part12 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB ext2 part2 -可以看到文件系统类型为ext2,可确定文件系统已经被格式化了。(parted)挂载刚才格式化后的文件系统rootjetsen #cd / -退到根目录rootjetsen /#mkdir part2 -创建part目录rootjetsen /#mount /dev/sdd2 /part2 -将/dev/sdd2挂载到/part2rootjetsen /#df h -查看分区信息Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol0018G 5.8G 11G 35% /dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boottmpfs 506M 4.0K 506M 1% /dev/shm/dev/sdd2 83G 52K 79G 1% /part2 -可以看到已经被挂载上来rootjetsen /#cd /part2rootjetsenpart2# mkdir 1111 -并且可以访问rootjetsenpart2# ls1111 lost+fou