英语句子的五种基本结构.doc

英语句子结构有五种（主谓，主谓宾，主系表，主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补） 主谓：I study. 主谓宾:I like banana. 主系表:I am a student. 主谓双宾:I give a pencil to him. 主谓复合宾语:I make him happy. 1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) S + V 如：The children are playing happily. 孩子们正在高兴地玩。 2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 S+V+O 如：The Greens enjoy living in China. 格林一家喜欢住在中国。 3. 主语+谓语+表语 S+V+P 该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等。如： He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。 The apple pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。 4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+V+InO+DO 这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如： My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨买给我一台电脑。 I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him. 我把盐递给他。 5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 S+V+O+OC 如：We must keep our school clean. 我们必须保持我们的学校清洁。 1. Subject (主语) Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如： The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。 She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。 The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。 2. Subject (主语) Link. V(系动词) Predicate(表语) 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如： Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。 We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。 This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕。 The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。 (2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如： Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 Dont have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。 The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。 3. Subject(主语) Verb (谓语) Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如： You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里。 Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。 She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。 I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页。 4. Subject(主语)Verb(谓语) Indirect object(间接宾语)Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如： Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。 The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。 这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 宾语 for sb.； 2)动词 宾语to sb.。如： Please show me your picture. /Please show your picture to me. 请把你的画给我看一下。 Ill offer you a good chance as long as you dont lose heart. Ill offer a good chance for you as long as you dont lose heart. 只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。 5. Subject(主语)Verb (动词)Object (宾语)Complement(补语) 这种句型中的宾语 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如： Keep the children quiet, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。 He painted the wall white. 他把墙漆成白色。 We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。 His mother told him not to play on the street.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如： The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。 1 主语+ 不及物动词 例：It is raining heavily. /My tooth aches. 2 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 例：They enjoy the play. /I met John in the street yesterday. 3 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 例：He is out. /Jenny is fine. /It looks like rain, soon. 4 主语 + 及物动词 + 双宾语 例：He bought her a watch. /The sun gives us light. 注意：双宾语一个指人（即间接宾语），另一个指物（即直接宾语）。一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，有时它们也可交换位置，这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to 或for 。 常见的双宾语结构：bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.) hand sb. sth (hand sth to sb.) leave sb. sth (leave sth.to sb) lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb) return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb) show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb ) write sb sth (write sth to sb ) buy sb sth (buy sth for sb ) do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb ) make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb ) 5 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 补足语 例：She found him a very clever student. / I make it a rule to get up early in the morning. （SVP） The bike