2007年考研英语阅读真题单词解析（考研1号读者原创）.doc

考研1号网：专注考研 共同进步- -考研1号读者“瓶子”制作2007年考研英语阅读真题单词解析（考研1号读者原创）2007年Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk elite soccer later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks， you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced. certificate n 证（明）书 certify v 证明 证实 证明合格 担保 certified adj 证明合格的 持有证件的 certification n 证明 证书 certificated adj 领有证书的；合格的tournament n 锦标赛 联赛 比赛 武士马上比武 noteworthy adj 值得注意的 显著地noted adj 著名的 知名的 quirk n 怪事 巧合 怪异的性格或行为quirky adj 怪异的 elite n 精英 精华 中坚分子 feed v 供给 喂养；使满足 传送 n 饲料 喂食 feed in 输入 be fed up with 感到厌烦 ranks n 队伍 级别（rank的复数）v 把排列起来（rank的第三人称单数）pronounced adj 显著地 断然的 What might account for this strange phenomenon？ Here are a few guesses： a） certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills. b） winter-born babieies tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. c） soccer mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania. d） none of the above. astrological adj 占星的 占星术的 astrology n 占星术 astrologer n 占星家 confer vt 授予 给予 vi 协商superior n 上级 长官；优胜者 高手；长者 adj 上级的 优秀的 出众的 高傲的 oxygen n 氧气capacity n 容量 能力 资格 地位 生产力stamina n 毅力 精力 活力 持久力conceive vt 怀（胎） vi 怀胎conceive of 构想出 设想 peak n 顶峰 高峰 尖端 v 达到最高值 adj 最高度的 高峰时期的 mania n (mania for )狂热 癖好 maniac/maniacal adj 疯狂的 狂热的 Anders Ericsson， a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University， says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden， and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly years ago， involved memory： training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject. after about 20 hours of training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20，” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving， and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”engineer n 工程师 工兵 货车司机 vt 涉及 策划 精明的处理 vi 设计 建造 conductresearch 做研究 conduct n 进行 行为 实施 vt 管理 引导 表现 vi 导电 带领 random adj 任意的 随意的 n 任意 randomly adv 随意的 randomness n 任意 at random 随意 任意 subject n 实验对象 （文中的意思是 受试者） 主题；学科 ；主语；臣民digit span 数字广度digit n 数字 手指或足趾recall n 召回 回忆 撤消 vt 召回 回想起 记起 取消 This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself as not genetically determined， led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words， whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully， Ericsson determined， was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather， it involves setting specific goals， obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. coupled with 外加 加上 （也可以说 combined with）genetically adv 从遗传学角度 从基因方面determined v 决定 断定（determine）cognitive adj （有关）认识的cognition n 任职 intuitive adj 有直觉力的 直觉到intuition n 直觉 an intuitive feeling about sb 对某人的直觉感觉inborn adj 天生的 固有的 天赋的 exhibit v 展示 展览 表现 n 展览品 陈列品 exhibition n 展览品 表演 swamp v 淹没 浸没；难倒 压倒 使不堪忍受，使疲于应对 n 沼泽 encode v 把编码 把（电文、情报等）译成电码（或密码）code n 代码 代号 密码 编码 发电 法规decode v 解码 译码meaningfully adv 有意义的 意味深长的 有意图的 deliberate adj 故意的 深思熟虑的 从容的 vt 仔细考虑 商议specific adj 具体的 明确的；特定的，特有的specify v 具体制定 详细说明specification n 详述（常作s）规格 工程设计（书）详细计划（书）说明书immediate adj 立即的 直接的 最接近的feedback n 反馈 回复 反应concentrating n 浓缩 精选 v 浓缩（concentrate的ing形式）专心Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits， including soccer. They gather all the data they can， not just predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion： the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or， put another way， expert performers whether in memory or surgery， ballet or computer programming are nearly colleagues (colleague 的复数)n 同事 同行take to 培养从事某事的能力 对产生好感 pursuit n 追求biographical adj 传记体的 生平的 biography n 专辑 传记作品laboratory n 实验室 制药厂 化学品 实验课startling adj 令人震惊的 惊人的 startle v 使惊吓 使大吃一惊startled adj 吃惊的 assertion n 断言 主张assert v 断言 主张 维护 assertive adj 武断地 过分自信的 assert oneself 坚持自己的权利trait n 特征 特点 特性talent n 才能 天才 天资 overrated v 对（某人或某事）评价过高put another way 换句话说 相当于 in other words surgery n 外科 外科手术 手术室 诊疗室ballet n 芭蕾舞剧wallet n 钱包 21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned toA stress the importance of professional training.B spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.C introduce the topic of what males expert performance.D explain why some soccer teams play better than others. 22. The word “mania” （Line 4， Paragraph 2） most probably meansA fun.B craze. C hysteria. D excitement. 23. According to Ericsson good memory A depends on meaningful processing of information. B results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises. C is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors. D requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration. 24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe thatA talent is a dominating factor for professional success.B biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.C the role of talent tends to be overlooked.D high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture. 25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey？ A “Faith will move mountains.”B “One reaps what one sows.”C “Practice makes perfect.”D “Like father， like son” 2007年Text 2 For the past several years， the Sunday newspaper supplement. Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant， who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old； that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies， to envision paper after it has been folded and cut， and to deduce numerical sequences， among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe （whose IQ is 100） as， Whats the difference between love and fondness？ Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence？ Its not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.supplement n 增刊 附录；补给品，补充（物），增补（物） v 增补 补充 supplementary adj 增补的 补充的 附加的 parade n 游行 阅兵 炫耀 vt /vi 游行 炫耀 列队行进 feature v(in sth )起重要作用 ，占重要地位；由主演；以为特色n 特色 特征 容貌（报刊的)特写或专题节目column n (报纸、杂志的)专栏 柱 支柱 圆柱 query 对表示疑问 ；问 ，询问 n 问题；疑问 ；问好quest n 寻找 搜索 score n 分数 比分 刻痕 欠款 ；（复数不变）而是a score of people 二十人 verbal adj 用文字表达 用言词描述 verbally adv 用言辞的 用文字的 口头的 逐字的 照字面的 verbal signals 文字信号 visual n(电影，电视等)画面 图像 adj 视觉的 视力的 visually adv 在视觉上的 外观的 visualize v 使形象化 想象 设想 visualization n 直观化 可见性 analogy n 类比 比拟 类推 by analogy 用类推的方法 envision v 想象 展望 正视 folded adj 折叠的 褶曲的 v （fold的过去分词）折叠 分叉合拢 失败垮台 把牲畜关在栏中deduce v 推断 演绎 （deduce sth (from sth)从某事推断出）deducible adj 推论的 sequence n 顺序；继续 ；结果 关系 v 按照顺序排好 sequential adj 按次序的 in sequence 按先后次序 a sequence of 一系列 fields n 字段 域（field的复数）v 使上场（field的三单）fondness n 爱好 溺爱 fond adj 慈爱的 溺爱的 be fond of doing sth 喜爱做某事 coincidence n 巧合 巧事 （意见、爱好等的）一直 符合 coincide v 同时发生 相同；极为类似 coincident adj 在同一地方发生的 同时发生的 capacity n (文中的意思是)能量；容量visualize vt 形象 想象化 想象 设想 vi 显现 figure out 解决 算出 想出 理解 断定 numerical adj 数字的 用数字表示的numeral n 数字 数码numerically adv 数字的 elude v 困惑 不理解 躲避 逃避 Clearly， intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart？ How much of intelligence can be specified， and how much can we learn about it from neurology， genetics， computer science and other fields？encompass v 包含 specified v 指定 详细说明 （specify的过去分词）adj 规定的 详细说明的neurology n 神经生物学genetics n 遗传学 The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score， even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms： the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales （both come in adult and childrens version）。 Generally costing several hundred dollars， they are usually given only by psychologists， although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savants are no longer possible， because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers， rather tan simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests， such as the Scholastic Assessment Test （SAT） and the Graduate Record Exam （GRE）， capture the main aspects of IQ tests.primarily adv 首先得 主要的 根本上scale n （心理学和教育学中的）量表；规模，范围；衡量标准，尺度 【常作s】天平 磅秤 等级 级别 in scale 成比例 相称 out of scale buchengbili buxiangchen scale down/back 按比例缩减scale up 按比例增加 on a large scale 大规模的 version n 版本；种 类；说法；译文；译本 psychologist n 心理学家 心理学者 populate v 在中占有位置，占据；构成的人口（或动植物的总和） (大批的)居住于populous adj 人口多的 人口密集的 variation n 变化 （生物）变异 变种statistical adj 统计学的 统计的 statistically adv 据统计 统计的 statistics n 统计 统计资料 ；统计学 statistician n 统计员 统计学家 population distribution 人口分布 distribution n 分布 分配 age peers 同龄人peer n 同等的人 同龄人 divide A by B A除以B chronological adj 按年月顺序的 multiply by 乘以multiply vt 乘 使增加 使繁殖 adj 多层的 多样的 adv 多样的 复合的 standardized adj 标准的 标准化的 v 使合乎标准 按标准校准 制定标准（standardize的过去分词）scholastic adj 学校的 学者的 学术的 （等于scholastical） n 学者 学生 assessment n 评定 估价 capture v 占领 夺得 获得 ；俘虏 捕获 n 俘虏 捕获（物）夺得 占领captive n 俘虏 囚徒 捕获物 adj 被俘虏的 受控制的 aspect n 方面 相位 面貌 Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life， argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing？”。 Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge， components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover， IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership sills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions， but under high-stress conditions. IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is it predicted the opposite. Anyone who bas toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters， whether its knowing when to guess or what questions of skip.element n 元素 要素 原理 成分 自然环境article n 文章 物品 条款 verbal adj 口头的 言语的 动词的 照字面的fail to do 没做成某事 无法做某事creativity n 创造力 创造性practical knowledge 实践性知识 实用性知识 components n 部件 组件；成分（component的复数）critical adj 至关重要的 决定性的 批评的 评判的 吹毛求疵的 be critical to sth 对某事来说很关键 critic n 批评家 评论家 吹毛求疵者 criticize v 批评 评判 责备 评论 评价critique n (关于文艺作品、哲学思想的)评论文章 评论criticism n 批评 评判 责备 非难 评论文章 评论critically adv 决定性的 关键性的 ；批评的 评判的 ；吹毛求疵的 predicted v 预计 （predict的过去分词）预示 adj 预测的negatively adv 消极的 （文中指反方向的 ）；否定的 correlate vi 和相关（常和with搭配 ）toil vi 苦干 辛苦从事；艰苦的行动，艰难的行走 testify v 证明 证实 说明 表明 testimony n 证据 证明 证词；表明 说明 testify to 作为某事的证据testify in court 出庭作证 knowing adj 知悉的 心照不宣的；世故的，狡猾的 skip v 略过 跳过 ；蹦 跳 跳跃；略读 跳级 n 跳过 旧料筒skip breakfast 不吃早饭skip school 逃学 26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test？ A Answering philosophical questions. B Folding or cutting paper into different shapes. C Telling the differences between certain concepts. D Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones. 27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3？ A People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence. B More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet. C The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different. D Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence. 28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savants because A the scores are obtained through different computational procedures. B creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now. C vos Savants case is an extreme one that will not repeat. D the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed. 29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that A test scores may not be reliable indicators of ones ability B IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated. C testing involves a lot of guesswork. D traditional tests are out of date. 30. What is the authors attitude towards IQ tests？ A Supportive. B Skeptical. C Impartial. D Biased2007年Text 3 During the past generation， the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip， a bad diagnosis. or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.count on 指望 依赖fair play 公平进行的比赛（或竞争） 公平待遇 均等条件financially adv 财政上 金融上 secure adj 安全的 无危险的 v 使牢固 紧闭 使安全 ；保证获得insecure adj 不可靠的 不安全的 security n 安全 平安 安全感 transform v （使）改变 （使）变形 ；使改变性质（或结构、作用等）； 改造 改善transformation n 变化 转变；改革；变形；变质 transformational adj 转换的 转换生成的 pink slip 解雇通知书diagnosis n 诊断 调查 diagnose v 诊断 spouse n 配偶 夫 妻spousal adj 配偶的 solidly adv 坚固的 结实的 连续的 一致的 In just one generation， millions of mothers have gone to work， transforming basic family economics. Scholars， policymakers， and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes， but few have looked at the side effect family risk has risen as well. Todays families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback- a back-up earner （usually Mom） who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today， a disruption to family fortunes can not longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.stripe n 类型 类别；特点；条纹 debate n 辩论 辩论会 vt/vi 辩论 争论 讨论implication n 暗示（文中译为影响） 牵连by implication 含蓄的 side effect 副作用budget v 做预算 编入预算 n 预算two-paycheck adj 有双份收入的 双职工的 paycheck 付薪水的支票 status n 地位 状态 情形 ；重要身份parachute n 降落伞 vi 跳伞 in times of 在的时候 在的时期setback n 挫折 退步 逆流 back-up adj 后援的 支持的 辅助的 补充的 n 后备人员 备用物品 ；后援 支持 辅助back sb/sth up 支持或者鼓励某人/某事物workforce n 劳动力 工人总数 职工总数get laid off （暂时性的）被解雇 disability insurance 伤残保险 insurance n 保险 保险费 保险契约 赔偿金weather （文中是指）经历（危难）而存活 n 天气 气象 disruption n 文中的意思为 中断 分裂 崩溃 瓦解 disrupt v 弄乱 扰乱 disruptive adj 破坏性的 制造混乱的 made up with 用来弥补 extra income 额外收入 During the same period， families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers， airline employees， and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates， stock market fluctuation， and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year. President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model， with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families， the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers， with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family， as the odds of having a weak elderly parent- and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped eightfold in just one generation.Absorbretirement income 退休收入 steelworker 炼钢工人interest rate 利率 market fluctuation 市场波动 市价涨落har