2011届高考英语阅读理解解题技巧.ppt

高考英语阅读理解 解题技巧 考纲要求： 阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考 试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读 理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加 工能力。 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和 理解力的正确率。 因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多 分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢 ，提高命中率。 主旨大意型 事实细节型 词 义 猜 测 型 命 题 类 阅读理解命题特点： 推 理 判 断 型 应对策略： 考生能读懂书 报 杂志中关于一般性的简短 文段以及公告 说明 广告等,并能从中获 取相关的信息。 1 理解主旨和要义 2 理解文中的具体位置 3 根据上下文推断生词的词义 4 作出判断和推理 5 理解文章的基本结构 6 理解作者的意图 观点和态度 一:主旨大意题 1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4)Which is the subject discussed in the text? 6)Whats the best title for this passage? 主旨大意题的常见的提问形式: Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）society. 练习题细节题 解释 Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph A. GM is one of the largest car producers. B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia. C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers. D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers. 文章 解释 【解析】答案为C。take sth. away of sb.和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表达的 主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈 述细节或继续论证。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的 关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾 句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一 般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。 文章 二：事实细节型 文章中心是论点，事实细节是论 据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对 文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细 节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可 直接或间接在文章中找到答案。 提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。 事 实 细 节 型 解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及 全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。 1）Which of the following statement is true? 2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? 3）The author ( or the passage) states that_. 4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特 定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式： Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAY Baby 750Office worker 2,700 Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700 Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000 Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600 练习题解释第三节 Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above? A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does. 解释文章 【解析】答案为 D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式 为： (90-35)51=275 【解析】答案为 C 。 根据文章图表，依次验证A、B 、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确 。很易找出 C 符合图表内容。 文章 三：词义猜测型 同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词 and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上 是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。 反义法如 hot and cold, give and receive 等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之 ，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。 释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（ 从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等 标点符号引出并加以解释说明。 词 义 猜 测 型 情景推断法、代词替代法等 1）文中找线索或信息词; 2) 根据熟悉的词及词义 判断新单词之意； 3）根据上下文判断新词 汇在特定句中确切意思。 做题要领 Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的). 解 释 第四节 解 释 这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中 的大多数妇女，受过教育的 （ educated）和没有受过教育的 （ illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban ）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的 （young）和年长的（old）正好是一 对对反义词。因此选 C 项。 本题答案选C 四：推理判断型 推理判断题：高考重头戏，20 个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生 归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力 。 以原文内容为前提，据作者的 观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文 中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合 理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。 推 理 判 断 型 透过现象看本质，领悟作者思 想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态 度等。 推理判断题（做题要领） 既要求学生透过文章表面 文字信息推测文章隐含意思 ，又要求学生对作者的态度 、意图及文章细节的发展作 正确的推理判断，力求从作 者的角度去考虑，不要固守 自己的看法或观点。 推理判断型常见的命题方式有： 1. The passage implies (暗示) that_. 2. We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_. 3. Which of the following can be inferred (推论)? 4.What is the tone (语气) of the author ? 5.What is the purpose (目的) of this passage? 6.The passage is intended to _. 7.Where would this passage most probably appear? Passage4 The concept (n. 观念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 个人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.现在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，劳心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise. 练习题解释P5 Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health. 文章 解析：据前两句可以得知 ，不良的选择会导致健康 状况变坏，因此答案选 D 。选出的答案一定要在原 文中找到依据或理由，不 能只凭常识或自己主观胡 乱推测。 文章 Passage5 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成绩 ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenberger holds (vi.认为). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近来的 ) point ( n.观点 ), he notes ( vi.特别指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使变得更紧 ) grading standards (及格标准 ) and restore ( vt.恢复使用 ) failing grades (不及格分数或标准 ). 练习题解释总结 Q: It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_. A.rewarding poor performance ( n.成绩 ) may kill the creativity of students . B. punishment is more effective than reward