宪法论文论基因技术专利的授权条件.doc

论基因技术专利的授权条件 论基因技术专利的授权条件 textual research on the qualification of authorizing a genetic technology patent【中文摘要】 二十一世纪被认为是将以基因技术为基础的生物经济时代,这种预测是有道理的。二十世纪八十年代以来,生物技术发展迅速,其中基因技术的发展导致了适用于医学诊断、医药工业、农业技术、环境及食品科学的基因方法与产品的大量涌现,显现出广阔的应用前景。基因技术产业是一个高投入、高风险的高新技术领域,需要一个能有效地鼓励技术创新的激励机制。就基因技术相关产业而言,专利法仍然是基因保护的最佳途径。知识进步和技术创新是基因技术的核心,专利是其知识产权保护的最主要的内容。基因技术是一项专业性很强的基础知识,更新速度非常迅速。如何对基因技术进行法律保护,从而促进基因技术的发展,成为一个十分重要的课题。基因技术的专业性和其所体现的技术成果是自然生物或生物制品等原因,使得对基因技术专利的法律保护一直存在着争议。本文主要是对基因技术专利的授权条件及其相关问题的探讨,结合国内外的专利理论和实践,特别是美国、日本专利局的审查实践,还有现代科学技术、经济等因素的发展变化,以及我国在基因技术产业的实践情况。在分析国内外现有观点和做法的基础上,对我国基因技术专利保护的有关法律法规进行评析或提出立法建议,以期使我国基因技术专利保护更加完善、合理,使之与我国的基因技术研究和产业发展现状相适应。文中对基因技术相关知识作了简要的介绍。阐明了在基因技术中,科学发现和科学发明的区别,基因序列属于科学发现,但如果是人类对这一“自然产物”进行了一定程度的干预,使其符合新颖性、创造性和实用性,则可以授予专利权。文中结合我国现有专利法对基因专利的法律保护及基因的生物学特点,剖析了基因技术专利的新颖性、创造性和实用性要求。从新颖性、创造性和实用性的标准理论依据着手,系统全面地探讨基因专利授权条件,以期对我国的生物技术专利尤其是基因技术专利的实用性审查规定有所助益,从而建立更加完整有效的保护技术创新的专利制度,文中还论述了基因专利的保护范围。【英文摘要】 people regard the 21st century as the age of biological economy based on genetic technology,this is a reasonable prediction.the study of biotechnology have been developping rapidly since the 1980s,especially,the high development of gene technology has led to the emergement of lots of genetic methods and products which are made use of in medical diagnosis,pharmaceutical industry,agriculture,technology,environmental and food science.it shows us wide future application.as the high investment and risk of genetic industry,it needs excitation mechanism to encourage the innovation of genetic technology. patent law is still the best way to protect genetic technology.knowledge and technical progress in genetic technology innovation is the core of the patent system.genetic technology is a field which needs specialized knowledge and the refresh rate of its basal knowledge is swift.how to protect and promote the development of genetic technology through leganorms has become a reality that need to resolve.compared with the study of genetic technology,the study of patent protection of genetic technology is much weaker,and the dispute exsits in theory and practice.the qualification of authrizing a patent was discussed in this paper.and analysed feasibility of patent protection of genetic technology,by combining with domestic and foreign patent theory and practice,especially the united states and japan patent offices patent censorship.modern science,technology,economic and other factors of development and changes were also considered in the light of chinas practical conditions in genetic technology industry.the paper made a study of the law and regulations on patent protection of genetic technology so as to perfect the related legal system.also,a comprehensive research was carried out regarding genetic technology and its commercial value,invention or discovery of gene,knowledge about genetic technology was brieftly introuduced and the differences between scientific findings and scientific inventions were elucidated.gene belongs to one of scientific findings,however,they can be authorized by patent rights if humanbeings do some innovative work on them.combining the protection of current patent law on gene patent and the biological traits of gene,the requirements of novelty,inventiveness and utility of gene patent were expounded in detail as to provide some suggestion to the establishment of a more complete and effective protection of technological innovation in the patent system.the protection bound of gene patent was also discussed in this paper.【中文关键词】 基因技术; 新颖性; 创造性; 实用性 【英文关键词】 genetic technology; novelty; inventiveness; utility 【论文目录】摘要 5-6 abstract 6 引言 9 一、基因技术简介 9-12 (一) 基因技术的含义 9-10 (二) 基因技术的分类 10-11 (三) 基因技术的专利保护 11-12 1.基因技术的保护方式 11 2.基因技术专利保护的商业价值 11-12 二、基因技术专利的授权对象 12-16 (一) 基因序列专利 12-14 1.基因序列可专利性的争议 12-13 2.发达国家的立法与实践 13-14 3.我国的相关规定 14 (二) 基因方法专利 14-15 (三) 基因技术方法所获得的产品 15-16 1.基因药物 15 2.转基因食品 15-16 3.转基因微生物 16 4.转基因动植物新品种 16 三、基因技术专利的实质条件 16-29 (一) 新颖性 16-20 1.主要国