虚拟语气讲与练-牛津英语高中专版.ppt

Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气 英语动词一般可带有三种不同的语气 (mood)： 陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 不同的语气用动词不同的形式 (有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 一、陈述语气 (The Indicative Mood) 用来陈述事实，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。如： 1. My father and I drove over to the village to see Mr Wu. 2. People dont hibernate. 3. What a strange-looking person (he is)! 4. Are you joking? 二、祈使语气 (The Imperative Mood) 用来表示请求、命令或劝告等。 如： 1.Sit down, please. 2.Dont say it in Chinese. Say it in English, please. 3.Let me have a try. 4.Let him go. 三、虚拟语气 (The Subjunctive Mood) 表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是 一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正 式的书面语中。 该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、 表语从句、宾语从句等。 通常有三种情况： 与过去事实相反。 （过去虚拟） 与现在事实相反。 （现在虚拟） 与将来事实可能相反。（将来虚拟） “后退一步法” 与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去 完成时形式表示。 与现在事实相反，用一般过去时 形式表示。 与将来事实可能相反，用过去将来时形 式表示。 1) If I were you, I shouldnt do that. 2) We would go with you if we had time. 3) We could ask him if he were here. 4) If I knew his telephone number, I would ring him up. 条件从句主句 did（be动词一般用were）would (should, could, might ) + do I. 虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法 1. 表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下： 1) If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 2) If you had come earlier, you would (might) have met him. 3) I would have called you if I had known your phone number. 条件从句主句 had + donewould (might / could /should ) + have done 2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要 形式如下 1) If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 2) If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out. 3) If it rained tomorrow, we would not go out. 条件从句主句 did should do were to do Would(could/might/s hould) + do 3.表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下： Note: 省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句 中有were, had或should，可以if把省略而把 这几个词放到主语之前构成主谓倒装：例如： 1. Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 2. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 3. Had he been more careful (If he had been more careful), such mistakes could have been avoided. 1. If she had worked harder, she _ . (1986) A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded 3. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 5. If he _ , he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (1993) A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 7. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. (1994) A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 9. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. (1996) A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got 2. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (1994) A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 16. _ I be free tomorrow, I could go with you. A. Could B. Should C. Might D. Must 19. _ your letter, I would have written back two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I received C. Had I received D. If I could have received 21. Should it rain, the crops _. A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved 27. If I _ you, I would try again. A. am B. was C. were D. be 28. _ , all the students would hear. A. If the teacher had spoken louder B. If the teacher will speak louder C. Had the teacher spoken louder D. If the teacher spoke louder 29. What should we do if it _ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow 30. If you _ 5 minutes earlier, you _ him. A. should come; had seen B. came; would see C. come; will see D. had come; would have seen (1) Mr Brown _ a house if he had enough money. A. will buy B. would buy C. bought D. has bought (30) _ I known he needed money so badly, I might have managed to help him. A. Unless B. When C. If D. Had II:虚拟语气在宾语从句的中的 用法 1). wish后的宾语从句： 从句中的动词根据时间可采用不同的 形式，参见虚拟条件句： 1. I wish I were (was) as strong/clever/young as you. (But I am not.) 2. We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation. 3.I wish he would try. 4.I wish I knew the answer.(But I dont know the answer.) 5.I wish I had known the answer.(But I didnt.) 2. I wish I _ you yesterday? (1988) A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see (29) I wish the train _ so late; then I could have got home before breakfast. A. hadnt arrived B. didnt arrive C. wouldnt arrive D. mustnt arrive (31) I wish I _ to repair the bike, for I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. tried D. didnt try 2.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。 1.宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命 令，三个建议，四个要求。即 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用 法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原 形，或者将should省略。 4.We propose that the house should be repaired (repair). 5.The general commanded that the target should be fired (fire) at. 6.They requested that we should sit (sit) down and have a cup of tea. 7.We desire that he should be given (give) a chance. 8.The rules require that players should wear(wear) tennis shoes on the court(网球场). 9.The editor insisted that we should change the title of the book. 10.We advise that steps be taken (take) at once. 11.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting tonight. 12.He ordered that all (should) take part in the work. 13.They insisted that we (should) begin the work at once. Note 1: insist作“坚决认为(该怎么做)”时，用此 句型；如作“坚决认为(是怎么回事)”时，则不要 求如此： e.g. 1.He insisted that he (should) go instead of me. 2.He insisted that you were wrong. ( )1.Mr Smith ordered that the work _ at once. A.do B.did C.was done D.be done ( )2.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rules. A.obeyed B.obey C.will obey D.would D B Note 2: 这类词只要是表示愿望、建议、命令等， 不管是以什么样的形式出现，后面从句中的形式 都要用“should“+动词原形“： .it is desired/suggested/requested/ordered/proposed that等结构后的主语从句： 1.It is requested that Mr Smith should give a performance at the Party. 2.It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 3.It was arranged that they(should) leave the following week. 4.It has been decided that the meeting (should) be postponed (put off) till next Saturday. . suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea等后面的 表语从句和同位语从句： 1.My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help them. My suggestion is that a few comrades (should) be sent to help them. 2.My idea is that we (should) do the work ourselves. 3.What do you think of Xiao Yangs proposal that we (should) put on a play at the English evening? 4.The Emperor had ordered the cloth to be woven for so much money. The order the Emperor had given was that the cloth be woven for so much money. 1. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set 2. Mother suggested that I _ my homework first before watching TV. A. did B. do C. shall do D. have done 3. My suggestion was that the meeting _ off still next week. A. to put B. be put C. should put D. be putting 5. The commander ordered that the wounded _ to hospital right away. A. to be sent B. be sent C. send D. should send 6. The order came that the medical supplies _ to the village soon. A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent 4. The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off. A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being 7. They requested that he _ on the radio. A. spoke B. speaks C. speak D. would speak 10. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 11. She made the demand that she _ at once. A. leave B. leaves C. left D. to be left 在句型 It is necessary/important/strange/ that. It is a pity/a shame/no wonder/ that.等结构后的 主语从句： Note:这时should+动词原形的意思常常是“竞会” 。 6.It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 7.It is important that we (should) unite with all that can be united in the struggle. 9.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 10.It is quite natural that such fears should arise. 11.It is a great pity that he should be so conceited (foolish). .一些习惯句型中： It is (high) time后的定语从句中通常 也需要用虚拟语气： 1.It is time that we went /should go to bed. 2.It is time we went home. 2. 用于以if only或as if 引导的简单句中, 谓语动词常用were型或had been型虚拟 形式, 如: If only she didnt drive so fast. If only the photo werent missing. If only I had arrived in time! 但愿她不开那么快. 但愿那张照片没丢失. 我要是及时到达该多好 用在if only引起的感叹句中（意思为 要是什么就好了）： 1.If only we had listened to their advice! 2.If only the letter had arrived in time! 3.If only I hadnt lost it! would rather/sooner(宁愿)后也可以用 这样的结构： 1.I would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too). 2.I could go myself but I would sooner you went. 3.I would (had) rather you posted the letter right away. be的形式和虚拟条件从句相同： 4. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (2000) A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 8. It is important that we _ wild animals. A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting 9. It is necessary that the problem _ at once. A. solves B. should solve C. should be solved D. will be solved 14. It is strange that he _ interest in much of his research. A. should have lost B. would lose C. had lost D. will lost 31. If only I _ my watch! A. hadnt lost B. havent lost C. didnt lose D. dont lose 40. “What will you do during the summer holiday?“ “I dont know, but Its high time _ Something.“ A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. I decide .含蓄条件句(Sentences of Implied Condition) 有时，假设的情况不是通过虚拟条件句表示 出来，而是通过上下文或 其它方式来表示。 6.without和but for 构成虚拟。(but for要不是) Without sunlight, peoples life (be) different from today. But for your help, I _ (not finish) the work. Without your help, I (fail). But for water, it (be) impossible to live in the desert. _ wouldnt have finished would be would have failed would be 3.They could have completed that building (if they had worked har