名师带徒推理判断.ppt

阅读理解专题阅读理解专题 -推理和判断 奉化中学 陈燕飞 推理 make a guess / infer from common sense 什 么 是 推 理 walk out of the room slip out of the room dance out of the room stagger out of the room an old man a thief a child 例2：短语“try to do sth.”和“manage to do sth.”的区别? “try to do sth.”意思是“尽力、设法去做某事”，事情的结果如何，不得而知. 而“manage to do sth.”则表示“设法做成了某事”，强调事情发展的结果。 例1：走出房间 如何提高阅读推理能 力 意思字典给出的，所有的单词至少有一个。 确切含义通过上下文（context）推测并联想做出的反应。 例1：单词：cover “覆盖，遮盖” The chief editor asked the reporter to cover the events that happened in that hospital. 例2：“This is a big tree.” 和 “This is a tall tree.”一样吗？ a tall tree =a big tree 调查；报 告 合理联想 例3：Tom and his wife are leading a cat and dog life. 他们的生活与“cat”和“dog”有关吗？ lead a cat and dog life “过着吵吵闹闹地生活” 高考阅读理解题型形式： 1.猜测词义 2.考查查文章细节细节理解 3.考查查主要思想或段落大意 4.推理判断、理解作者写作意图图 uThe underlined word “” means _. uThe word in paragraphrefers to _. u“To do this” (in paragraph 3) means _. uWhich statement is true? uThe right order which tells the story is _. uThe story mainly tells us _. uWhat probably happened in the end? uThe best title of this passage should be _. 1) The purpose in writing this text is to _. 2) It can be inferred from the passage that _. 3)From the last sentence,the author implies that_. 阅读中常见的推理 透过词义进行推理 依据行为进行推理 例如：Suddenly dreadfullyshe wakes up. What has happened? Something dreadful has happened. No nothing has happened. It is only the wind shaking the house, rattling(咯咯作响) the windows, banging(砰地一声) a piece of iron on the roof and making her bed tremble. Q: What is happening? 狂风过后暴风雨即将来临，天气非常糟糕。 透过词义进行推理透过词义进行推理 例如： When the phone finally rang, he leaped(跳) from the edge of his chair and grabbed for it. Q: Can you describe it ? 依据行为进行推理 在这个句子里，“finally”一词表明“他”在等这个电话已经很久 了。从动作“leaped”和“grabbed”来看，句中隐藏着“他”的不 安和焦急。“他”在接电话前是坐在“the edge of his chair”。 这也暗示了“他”的烦躁情绪和期待的心情。读者可以由此推断 出这个电话非常重要。 his feeling the phone 推理判断题目类型 数据推断题 知识推断题 逻辑结论推断题 表明作者态度、倾向的推断题 例如： .At a late night news conference , Nicholson said one team had advanced about 4,800 feet in the four hours since entering the mine just before 6 pm. Another team entered the mine about 30 minutes later. If the first team advanced at an average speed, they could dig about _ per hour. A. 1,000 feet B. 2,400 feet C. 1,200 feet D. 4,800 feet 一、数据推断题一、数据推断题 关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息，并对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正 确的结论。 Tokyo：Three snakes, whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes, are guarding a blue star sapphire（蓝宝石） worth nearly six hundred dollars at a Japanese exhibition of jewels sent from an Indian museum. “Normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition objects, but its different this time because the jewels are being exhibited at a hotel,” a police official said. The jewel was being shown in _. A. an Indian hotel B. an Indian museum C. a Japanese hotel D. a Japanese museum 二、知识推断题二、知识推断题 知识推断是根据文章细节，进行分析、推敲，从而得出结论的一种推断 方法。因为知识推断题一般都是针对细节，所以解答此类题时不仅需要 常识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。 例1： Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two exist. The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States is the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West. The author implies that several types of bison_. A. live outside the United Stated and Canada B. are well adapted to swampy terrain（沼泽地带） C. existed before the Ice Age D. have been killed or have died out 三、逻辑结论推断题三、逻辑结论推断题 逻辑结论是指严格根据文中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材 料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度 、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。解答这类题的前提是首先获得短文的 主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题意的要求进行推断。 解析：短文谈到原来在北美大陆上有多种野牛生活着，现在仅存两种，作者隐含 达到的意思是几种野牛被杀绝或灭绝，D为正确答案。 例2：第一段第一句：Few countries in the world offer as many choices to the world travelers as Canada. Whether your passion is skiing, sailing, museum- combing or indulging in exceptional cuisine(烹饪饪 ),Canada has them all. 最后一段最后一句Whatever your passion, Canada has a place for it. This text is written for_. A.International tourists B. Canadian learners C. Geography scientists D. Canadian children 三、逻辑结论推断题三、逻辑结论推断题 如： Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿)，and death. Frankly， Im sick of all this bad news. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _. A. inform B. apologize C. amuse D. complain 四、表明作者态度、倾向的推断题四、表明作者态度、倾向的推断题 作者态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不决，对 记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶、憎恨。作 者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰 的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措词。 例2： Family Railcard(乘火车优惠卡) For 20 this railcard allows you to take a second adult and up to 4 children for only 3 each when you buy single or return tickets. You can travel as often as you like until the card becomes out of date.A man bought himself a ticket of 15 and three tickets for his family with a fa