外文翻译---触摸屏技性能综述与比较abpb.docx

附录英文原文touch-screen technology overview and comparison of performancethe basic principles of touch-screenthe current touch screen technology has been a growing number of manufacturers used in various fields, in the future and even now have a broader space for development, which is human intelligence into the high technology is the best embodiment of the era.i believe we are not unfamiliar to the touch screen, touch screen system generally consists of two parts: the touch-detection devices and touch screen controller. touch detection devices installed in front of the display screen for detecting user touch position, touch screen controller to receive evacuation; touch screen controller is a major role in the detection device touch touch receive information and coordinate it into contact, send to the cpu, it can receive commands sent cpu and implemented.touch screen technology has also gone through step by step from low-to high-grade promotion and development. in accordance with its working principle, which is generally divided into four categories: resistive touch screen, capacitive touch screen, infrared touch screen and the surface acoustic wave touch screen.resistive touch screenresistance touch screen part of the screen body is a multilayer film, by a layer of glass or plexiglass as a grass-roots level, the surface coated with a layer of transparent conductive layer (ito film), and then covered with a layer above the outer surface after hardening, smooth scratch resistant plastic layer. its inner surface is also coated with a layer of ito, the conductive layer between two layers there are many small (less than one-thousandth inch) transparent isolation points separated them. when the fingers touch-screen, the two-tier ito contact, resistance to change, the controller based on the resistance change is detected to calculate the coordinates of contact point, and then carried out in accordance with the coordinates of the corresponding operation. lead a number of resistors in accordance with the number of screens, divided into four-lane, five types of lines. five-wire resistive touch screen is the outer surface of conductive glass instead of conductive coating layer, the conductive glass of longer life expectancy, and higher transmittance.resistive touch screen, if the ito coating is too thin brittle fracture easily, thick coating will reduce the transparency and clarity to reduce the formation of internal reflection. as a result has often been touched, the use of ito surface after a certain period of time there will be a small crack, or even change, so its not a long life.resistive touch screens are cheap and easy production, and thus remains a more common choice. four-wire, five-and seven-wire line, eight-wire touch screen to the emergence of more reliable performance, but also to improve its optical properties.capacitive touch screencapacitive touch screens are plated on the four sides of the strip electrode, the internal exchange of a low-voltage electric field. stickers have a touch screen thin-film transparent layer, which is a special kind of metal conductive material. when the user capacitive touch screen, the user fingers and face to form a coupling capacitor, as the work surface then there are high-frequency signals, so the fingers will siphon off a small current, the current from the four corners of the screen electrode in the outflow; and theory of current flow through the four electrode fingers to the corners and in proportion to the distance, the controller of the four current proportion of precision, the location of contact points can be derived.capacitance of the double-glass touch screen is not only to protect the conductor and the sensors are more effective in the prevention of external environmental factors on the impact of touch-screen, even if the piles of dirty screen, dust or grease, capacitive touch screen is still able to accurately calculate the touch location. however, as capacitance with temperature, humidity, or ground conditions vary, the stability of poor, often drift phenomenon.although not so widely applied resistive, capacitive touch screen is also popular for the type of election. accuracy of such equipment, the reaction speed, size, slightly larger when a higher resolution, more durable (scratch resistant), and thus suitable for use as touch-screen console. moreover, the new near-field imaging technique to improve the capacitive touch-screen performance, weakened it and resistive touch screen that may occur in the phenomenon of drift.infrared touch screeninfrared touch screen arrangement of the four sides of the infrared emission infrared receiver tubes and pipes, they form a one-to-one cross infrared matrix. users touch the screen, the fingers will be blocked after the location of two infrared, the controller can be determined by calculating the location of touch points.infrared touch screens are also not subject to current, voltage and electrostatic interference, and suitable for some of the poor environment. its main advantage is low cost, easy installation, can be used in the grade of the computer. in addition, the absence of capacitor charge-discharge process, response speed faster than the capacitor, but with lower resolution.surface acoustic wave touch screensurface acoustic wave is an ultrasound, it is in the medium (such as glass or metal, such as rigid material) shallow surface-wave transmission of mechanical energy. through the triangular wedge-shaped base (according to the strict design of the wavelength of saw), can be targeted, small-angle firing of the surface acoustic wave energy. surface acoustic wave properties of a stable, easy analysis and s-wave transmission in the course of a very sharp frequency characteristics, in recent years, nondestructive testing, imaging and back-wave applications such as rapid development.this touch-screen display of the four were fired with ultrasound transducer and receiving transducer, an ultrasound can be issued and covers the surface of the screen. when the finger touch screen, as part of acoustic energy absorption, so that changes in the receiving waveform, that is, a waveform of a time gap attenuation, based on the attenuation of the signal controller can calculate the location of touch points.surface acoustic wave touch screen from temperature, humidity and other environmental factors, high resolution, has an excellent scratch resistant, and long life (50 million times without failure), high transmittance (92%), clear and transparent to maintain the image; not drift, just installed a correction; a third axis (that is, the pressure axis) in response to the most suitable for use in public places.surface acoustic wave touch screen vulnerable to water droplets, dust, the impact of improved methods to increase the dust, the dirt or to increase the monitoring, operation and identify the difference between dirt. in addition, because screen can feel the pressure of sound waves virtually means increased control of the screen is very beneficial to the expansion of functions, their applications and therefore greatly expand the scope.performance comparison of touch-screenresistive touch screen with the outside world in an environment of complete isolation, it is not afraid of dust, water, gas and oil can be used to touch any object more suitable for use in the area of industrial control. the disadvantage is that the outer layer of composite films as a result of the use of plastic, too much force or the use of sharp touch touch screen may scratch.capacitive touch screen high resolution, good light transmission rate, is well positioned to meet all the requirements, common in public places is such a touch screen. however, the capacitive touch screen of the human body as a capacitor using an electrode, when near the conductor with interlayer coupling between the ito face of the capacitor is large enough, the outflow of the current will cause the capacitive touch screen malfunction; other wearing insulated gloves or hand-held objects when there is no response to touch, this is because the increase of the dielectric insulation.infrared touch screen is measured by infrared-off to determine the location of touch with the optional touch-screen baffle transparent material has nothing to do (some simply do not have the use of any baffle). therefore, the selection of a good tailgate light performance, and anti-reflective treatment, can be a very good visual effects. however, by infra-red limit the size of the launch tube can not be fired infrared high-density, so the resolution of this touch screen is not high. in addition, infra-red touch screens as a result of relying on infrared sensors to work, the outside light changes, such as the sun or indoor lights, etc. will affect its accuracy.very stable surface acoustic wave technology, and surface acoustic wave touch screen controller by measuring the decay time position in the timeline to calculate the location of touch, so its accuracy is very high. surface acoustic wave touch screen also has a third axis (z axis), that is, the pressure axis - by calculating the received signal attenuation attenuation department can force the user to touch the screen size, can be divided into 2 up to 5 up 6. greater strength, receive signal wave gap on the attenuation of the deeper and more wide, in all of the touch screen, only the surface acoustic wave touch screen with touch-pressure perception performance.中文原文：触摸屏技性能综述与比较触摸屏基本原理目前触摸屏技术已经被越来越多的厂家运用到各个领域，在现在乃至将来都有更广阔的发展空间，这是人类步入高智能科技现化时代的最好体现。相信大家对触摸屏都不陌生，触摸屏系统一般包括两个部分：触摸检测装置和触摸屏控制器。触摸检测装置安装在显示器屏幕前面，用于检测用户触摸位置，接收后送触摸屏控制器；触摸屏控制器的主要作用是从触摸点检测装置上接收触摸信息，并将它转换成触点坐标，再送给cpu，它同时能接收cpu发来的命令并加以执行。触摸屏技术也经历了从低档向高档逐步升级和发展的过程。根据其工作原理，其目前一般被分为四大类：电阻式触摸屏、电容式触摸屏、红外线式触摸屏和表面声波触摸屏。 电阻式触摸屏 电阻触摸屏的屏体部分是一块多层复合薄膜，由一层玻璃或有机玻璃作为基层，表面涂有一层透明的导电层(ito膜)，上面再盖有一层外表面经过硬化处理、光滑防刮的塑料层。它的内表面也涂有一层ito，在两层导电层之间有许多细小(小于千分之一英寸)的透明隔离点把它们隔开。当手指接触屏幕时，两层ito发生接触，电阻发生变化，控制器根据检测到的电阻变化来计算接触点的坐标，再依照这个坐标来进行相应的操作。电阻屏根据引出线数多少，分为四线、五线等类型。五线电阻触摸屏的外表面是导电玻璃而不是导电涂覆层，这种导电玻璃的寿命较长，透光率也较高。 电阻式触摸屏的ito涂层若太薄则容易脆断，涂层太厚又会降低透光且形成内反射降低清晰度。由于经常被触动，表层ito使用一定时间后会出现细小裂纹，甚至变型，因此其寿命并不长久。 电阻式触摸屏价格便宜且易于生产，因而仍是人们较为普遍的选择。四线式、五线式以及七线、八线式触摸屏的出现使其性能更加可靠, 同时也改善了它的光学特性。 电容式触摸屏 电容式触摸屏的四边均镀上了狭长的电极，其内部形成一个低电压交流电场。触摸屏上贴有一层透明的薄膜层，它是一种特殊的金属导电物质。当用户触摸电容屏时，用户手指和工作面形成一个耦合电容，因为工作面上接有高频信号，于是手指会吸走一个很小的电流，这个电流分别从屏的四个角上的电极中流出；且理论上流经四个电极的电流与手指到四角的距离成比例，控制器通过对四个电流比例的精密计算，即可得出接触点位置。 电容触摸屏的双玻璃不但能保护导体及感应器，更能有效地防止外在环境因素对触摸屏造成影响，就算屏幕沾有污秽、尘埃或油渍，电容式触摸屏依然能准确算出触摸位置。但由于电容随温度、湿度或接地情况的不同而变化，其稳定性较差，往往会产生漂移现象。 尽管不像电阻式应用那么广, 电容式触摸屏也是受欢迎的供选类型。这类设备精确、反应快，尺寸稍大时也有较高分辨率, 更耐用(抗刮擦), 因而适合用作游戏机的触摸屏。而且，新出现的近场成像技术改良了电容式触摸屏的性能, 减弱了在它和电阻式触摸屏中可能出现的漂移现象。 红外线式触摸屏 红外触摸屏的四边排布了红外发射管和红外接收管，它们一一对应形成横竖交叉的红外线矩阵。用户在触摸屏幕时，手指会挡住经过该位置的横竖两条红外线，控制器通过计算即可判断出触摸点的位置。 红外触摸屏也同样不