高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题三 完形填空 第三节 题组训练 8 说明文

说明文1(2017黑龙江哈尔滨六中三模)New genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive human-made climate warming in the coming century，contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out.A study， 1 in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution，reveals the 2 age of some Amazonian tree speciesmore than 8 million yearsand 3 shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming imagined periods 4 for the year 2100.The authors write that，having survived warm periods in the past，the trees will 5 survive future warming，provided there are no other major environmental changes. 6 extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures 7 ，the trees will stand the direct impact of higher temperatures.The authors 8 that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the risk of drought and fire，conservation policy should remain 9 on preventing deforestation(采伐森林) for agriculture and mining.The study disagrees with other recent researches which predicted tree species extinctions 10 relatively small increases in global average air temperatures.Study co-author Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the 11 were good news for Amazon tree species，but warned that drought and over-exploitation of the forest remained major 12 to the Amazons future.Dr Lewis said, “The past cannot be compared directly with the future.While tree species seem likely to 13 higher air temperatures than today，the Amazon forest is being transformed for agriculture and 14 ，and what remains is being degraded(使恶化) by logging(伐木)，and increasingly split up by fields and roads.“Species will not move as freely in todays Amazon as they did in previous warm periods，when there was no human 15 .Similarly，todays climate change is extremely fast，making comparisons with slower changes in the past 16 .”“With a clearer 17 of the relative risks to the Amazon forest，we 18 that direct human impactssuch as forest clearances for agriculture or miningshould remain a key point of conservation policy.We also need more aggressive 19 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to make minimum the risk of drought and fire impacts and 20 the future of most Amazon tree species.”语篇解读本文主要讲了一项最新的研究，研究表明气候变暖不会使亚马逊古代树种灭绝。1A.advertised BdescribedCpublished Dpresented答案C解析advertise做广告；describe描述；publish公布；present呈现。此处表示：生物与进化的最新版公布的一项研究。故选C。2A.frightening BsurprisingCexciting Dinteresting答案B解析frightening令人害怕的；surprising令人惊讶的；exciting 令人兴奋的；interesting有趣的。句意为：这项研究揭示了亚马逊树种惊人的年龄。故选B。3A.still BneverthelessChowever Dtherefore答案D解析句意为：这些古代树种有着超800多万年的树龄，因此表明了它可以幸存于和先前所有时期一样温暖的全球气候变暖的时期，预测为2100年。therefore因此。故选D。4A.assess Bconfirm Cforecast Dpromise答案C解析assess评定；confirm确认；forecast预测；promise允许。由上题解析可知选C。5A.particularly BprobablyCmerely Dpossibly答案B解析句意为：作者写道，亚马逊的树种曾在高温气候中生存下来，所以将来也有可能在气温升高的气候中存活。故选B。6A.Since BAlthough CWhen DIf答案B解析句意为：虽然随着温度的升高，严重的干旱及森林火灾将会影响亚马逊流域，但这些树木将会忍受更高温度的直接影响。故选B。7A.rise Bchange Cdrop Dend答案A解析rise 升高；change 变化；drop 掉落；end 结束。由本句末的“higher temperatures”可知应是温度升高。故选A。8A.consider BdecideCguarantee Drecommend答案D解析consider考虑；decide决定；guarantee保证；recommend推荐，建议。后面是作者的建议，故选D。9A.based Bbuilt Cfocused Dmade答案C解析base以基础；build建筑；focus集中；make 制作。句意为：保护措施应当仍然集中于防止为了农业和矿业的发展而采伐森林。故选C。10A.in relation to Bin response toCin reply to Din reference to答案B解析in relation to 关于，涉及；in response to响应，回答，对做出反应；in reply to 答复；in reference to关于。句意为：这项研究与最近其他研究不同的是他们预测树种的灭绝是对相对小幅度的全球平均气温升高的反应。故选B。11A.findings Bthoughts Cinventions Dwritings答案A解析finding发现；thought想法；invention发明；writing作品。句意为：教授说这些发现对于亚马逊树种来说是一个好消息，但他警告称干旱和过度采伐森林对于亚马逊的未来来说仍然是主要的威胁。故选A。12A.threats BdisadvantagesCembarrassments Dinstructions答案A解析threat威胁；disadvantage不利条件；embarrassment窘境；instruction说明，指示。由上题解析可知选A。13A.accept Btolerate Cpermit Drequire答案B解析accept接受；tolerate容忍，忍耐；permit允许；require要求。句意为：虽然树种好像能忍耐比现在更高的温度，但亚马逊森林正在向农业和矿业转变。故选B。14A.farming Bplanting Ccatering Dmining答案D解析farming畜牧业；planting种植业；catering服务业；mining矿业。由第二段最后一句中的“deforestation(采伐森林) for agriculture and mining”可知选D。15A.power Binfluence Cdesire Dviolence答案B解析power力量；influence影响；desire欲望；violence暴力。句意为：当这里没有人类影响的时候。故选B。16A.difficult BclearCeasy Dimportant答案A解析句意为：现在气候变化极快，使之与过去缓慢的变化比较起来很难。故选A。17A.belief BdirectionCunderstanding Dsuggestion答案C解析句意为：更清楚地理解了亚马逊森林所面对的危险，我们推断出人类直接的影响，比如为了农、矿业而采伐森林，仍是保护政策的重点。18A.doubt Bconclude Ccalculate Dprefer答案B解析conclude 推断，做结论。由上题解析可知选B。19A.thought BguidanceCprotection Daction答案D解析句意为：为了把干旱和火灾的风险降到最低并保护亚马逊树种的未来，我们也需要更多积极的行动来减少温室气体的排放。action 行动。20A.secure Badvance Csacrifice Devaluate答案A解析secure 保护，使安全。由上题解析可知选A。2(2017安徽黄山质检)Men and women may have different experiences in shopping for clothes.A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settled and decided in 21 .He knows what he wants，and his 22 is to find it and buy it.All men 23 walk into a shop and ask the shop assistant for what they want.If the shop has it in stock(库存)，the deal can be done and 24 is completed in less than five minutes，with hardly any chat to everyones 25 .For a man，slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants.In that 26 ，the salesman tries to sell the customer something elsehe 27 the nearest to the article required.A good salesman brings out such a substitute(替代品) 28 ；he may say，“I know this jacket is not the style you want，sir，but would you like to try it for size？It 29 to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have 30 with this treatment，and the usual answer is：“This is the right color and may be the right size，but I shouldnt be 31 my time and yours by trying it on.”For a woman，buying clothes is always done in the 32 way.Her shopping is not often 33 on need.She has never fully decided what she wants，and she is only “having a look around”She is always 34 to persuasion，willing to try on any number of things.Deep in her mind is the thought of finding something that 35 thinks suits her.Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected 36 .Faced with a roomful of dresses，a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another 37 selecting the dress she wants to 38 .It is a tiresome process，but clearly a(n) 39 one.Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting 40 .语篇解读本文为说明文。文章介绍了男女在购物方面的不同表现。21A.detail Bhurry Cadvance Dmind答案C解析根据下句“He knows what he wants.”可知男人购物时，他们要买的东西预先(in advance)就决定好了。22A.advice Bgoal Cdemand Dquestion答案B解析既然他知道他想要什么，因此他的目标(goal)就是发现它并购买。advice建议；demand要求；question问题。23A.quickly BimmediatelyCsoon Dsimply答案D解析所有的男士只是(simply)走进商店向售货员要他们想要的东西。quickly迅速地；immediately立即；soon不久。24A.often BconstantlyCnormally Dfinally答案A解析如果商店有现货就可以进行交易，交易过程常常(often)在不到5分钟之内就可完成，几乎没有闲聊且皆大欢喜(to everyones satisfaction)。constantly不停地；normally正常地，一般地；finally最后。25A.confidence BamusementCsatisfaction Dsurprise答案C解析解析见上题。confidence信心；amusement娱乐；satisfaction满意；surprise惊奇。26A.time Bevent Csituation Dcase答案D解析如果那样的话(in that case)，售货员就会竭尽全力卖给顾客其他东西售货员会把离这位男顾客想要的东西最近的那件提供(offer)给他。27A.gives BoffersCpresents Ddelivers答案B解析解析见上题。give给予；present赠送，呈现；deliver送(货)。28A.skillfully BattentivelyCactively Dcarefully答案A解析好的售货员会巧妙地(skillfully)拿出这样的替代品。attentively认真地；actively积极地；carefully仔细地。29A.occurs BhappensCcomes Dtakes答案B解析先生，我知道这件夹克不是你想要的款式，但是你能试一试这件看看尺码合适吗？那碰巧(happen)是你提到的那种颜色。30A.patience BinterestCexpectation Dexperience答案A解析根据上文男士购物特点的介绍可知：很少的男士会对这种服务有耐心(patience)。interest兴趣；expectation期待；experience经验。31A.losing BspendingCgiving Dwasting答案D解析这件的颜色和大小可能都合适，但我不应该通过试穿它来浪费(waste)你我的时间。lose丢失；spend花费；give给予。32A.same BcleverCopposite Dsimilar答案C解析对于女士来说，她们总是以迥然不同的(opposite)方式购买衣服。same相同的；clever聪明的；similar相似的。33A.relied BbasedCdone Drelated答案B解析女士购物经常不是基于需要。be based on基于；be relied on被依赖。没有be done on和be related on结构。34A.open BreadyCclose Dhappy答案A解析根据后半句中的“.willing to try on any number of things.”可知，女士总是乐于接受(be open to)劝导。没有be ready to sth.和be happy to sth.句式，故排除B、D两项；be close to sth.接近某物，不合句意，故被排除。35A.nobody BsomebodyCeverybody Danybody答案C解析在女性购物者内心深处是想找到每个人(everyone)都认为适合她的东西。anybody常用于否定句和疑问句，故被排除。nobody和somebody不合本句句意，可直接排除。36A.deal BsurpriseCluck Dbargain答案D解析根据上文(大多数女性都有超高的价值意识)可推知，女性购物者总是对意外的便宜货(bargain)很留意。deal交易；surprise惊奇；luck运气。37A.after BasCbefore Dby答案C解析面对满屋子的衣服，女性购物者可能会很容易花一个小时从一个服装架走到另一个服装架才(before)会选中自己想要试穿(try on)的衣服。38A.try on Btry outCtry up Dtry for答案A解析参考上题解析。39A.tiring BenjoyableCboring Dgraceful答案B解析这个过程很烦人，但对女性购物者来说显然是一种令她们很愉悦的(enjoyable)过程。40A.customers BassistantsCwives Dhusbands答案D解析男士不愿意购物，因此大多数服装店总是给等待女士购物的丈夫们提供椅子。.单词梳理1We agreed with his acute analysis(analyse) of the political situation.2On his return he reported his findings(find) to the committee.3This book has just entered the seventh edition(edit)4China is a developing agricultural(agriculture) country.5Her books have gained popularity recently(recent)6My brother was similarly(similar) threatened.7We need a decision(decide) about what to do next.8There are signs that this number is increasing slightly(slight)9The best treatment(treat) for a cold is to rest and drink lots of fluids.10His father agreed to the plan after their persuasion(persuade) at last.短语提炼A英汉互译1die out灭绝；消失2disagree with 不同意；不一致；不适合3in response to 响应；对作出反应4split up 分组；(使)解散；分离5