药理双语总论（中专）ppt课件

Nursing of Drug Application Lecturer: Caimei Zheng Dep. of Pharmacy May. 30th, 2009 1 three “W” Who Where What 2 The aim of this course lTo identify the package insert of drugs lTo carry out doctors advice lTo explain how to use drugs properly l To read pharmacological literature in English (terminology) 3 Learning method (1) recite (words/terms、 typical drugs) (2) speak (pronunciation) 4 Final Exam lAccount for 30% of the total score lForm : single choice blanking 5 metabolism mitblizm n. 代谢作用 inhibit inhibit vt.阻止; 抑制 therapeutic ,erpju:tik adj.治疗(学)的 agonist nist n.激动剂 antagonist ntnist n.拮抗剂 teratogenesis,tertudenisis n.致畸 carcinogenesis ,k:sindenisis n.致癌 mutagenesis ,mjutdenisis n.致突变 pharmacodynamicsf:m,kudainmiks n. 药效学 6 Chapter 1 General Principles section1 Introduction lDrug：is a substance used in the diagnosis ,treatment, prevention of a disease or family planning, which can affect organic tissues and cellular metabolism. 7 Section 2 Pharmacodynamics药效学 1. The Action of Drug 1.1 fundamental action of drug Stimulating action Inhibiting action 8 1.2 twofold （两重性）characters of drug action preventive and therapeutic effect防治作用 adverse reaction不良反应 9 adverse reaction： side reaction副反应-therapeutic dose toxic reaction毒性反应-a heavy dose, for too long allergic reaction过敏反应-immune response teratogenesis致畸 “three genicity reactions”三致作用 carcinogenesis致癌 mutagenesis致突变 10 2. mechanism of drug action Receptor Theory 受体理论-the most important mechanism of drug action AffinityIntrinsic activity conditions 11 Agonist -is a compound that binds to a receptor and produces the biological response. Antagonist -binds to a receptor but does not produce a biological effect. Partial agonist 12 diffusion difju:n n.扩散 absorption bs:pn n.吸收 distribution ,distribju:n n.分布 excretion ekskri:n n.排泄 eliminate ilimineit vt.消除, 排除 administration d,ministrein n.给药 sublingual sbliwl adj.舌下的 rectal rekt()l adj.直肠的 13 intravenous ,ntrvi:ns adj.静脉内的 subcutaneous ,sbkju:teinis adj. 皮下的 intramuscular ,intrmskjul adj.肌肉的 transdermal trnsd:ml adj.经皮吸收的 inhalation ,inhlein n.吸入 gastrointestinal ,struintestnl adj.肠胃的 pharmacokinetics ,f:mku,kainetiksn.药动学 14 Section 3 Pharmacokinetics药动学 1. the way of drug transport passive diffusionactive diffusion 15 2. disposition of drug（4 sections） : getting into the bloodstream : moving from the bloodstream into the tissues and fluid of the body 2.1 absorption 2.2 distribution 16 2.3 biotransformation ：physical and chemical alterations in the body : eliminating waste products of drug metabolism from the body 2.4 excretion 17 2.1 absorption 2.1.1 Routes of administration 口服给药oral administration 舌下给药sublingual 直肠给药rectal 注射给药injection intravenous administration静脉给药 subcutaneous injection皮下注射 intramuscular injection肌内注射 吸入给药inhalation 经皮给药transdermal 18 l2.1.2 first-pass elimination首关消除: -many drugs that undergo liver metabolism will be extensively metabolized during the GI tract to the body. This effect of liver metabolism is called 19 Lignocaine利多卡因 Local anesthetic injection Orally It has a strong first- pass elimination 20 Exercises: nThe most commonly used, convenient and the safest way of administration is_. n_can be used as the ways of administration in the absorption of digestive tract. Between them, _can avoid the first-pass elimination. nComparing subcutaneous with intramuscular injection, _has a quicker absorbency. oral administration oral and rectal administration rectal administration intramuscular injection 21 2.4 excretion The main tissue that eliminates the drug is gastrointestinal tractliver kidney kidney 22 dosage dusid n.剂量 dosage form 剂型 injection indekn n.注射 tablet tblit n.药片 capsule kpsju:l n.胶囊 suppository spzitri n.栓剂 ointment intmnt n.软膏 granules rnju:ls n.颗粒剂 powder paud n. 粉末 23 Section 4 Dose-Effect Relationship 1 .dose / dosage maximal dose极量（最大治疗量） therapeutical dose治疗量： minimal effective dose maximal dose usual dose常用量 2. Therapeutic Index治疗指数 TI=LD50/ED50 24 3.the half-life(t1/2) -is the period of time required for the concentration of a drug to decrease by one half. 4. Css = steady-state concentration After 45 half-lifes, drug plasma concentration can reach the Css. 25 Section5 Some knowledge of Drug 1. Classification of drug prescription drug classification nonprescription drug/ OTC 26 2