旅游文本翻译赏析

（一） 内容美 内容美体现于译文忠实地传达原文的语义，所指与能指一致。 (二 )意境美 汉语强调意境美，如“枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家。 ” 。美学上将这种 以非物质形态出现的美称之为“非定量模糊集合” 。 (三 ) 文化美 许多海外游客来中国旅游正是为了感受中国文化的独特魅力，体验异国他乡新 奇的文化审美经验。因此，在旅游翻译中，传达文化美，传递中华文化，促进 中外文化交流是译者义不容辞的责任。 旅游文本翻译的难点 1 Discrepancies in Psychology The different motives of western and Chinese visitors reflect the psychological differences between them. The westerners are eager to know more about Chinas history, its social customs, religious beliefs, and mode of life and so on. Therefore, we should be aware of the psychological differences and place a different emphasis or focus in order to satisfy different needs and tastes. 2 Discrepancies in Social Customs and Habits Different countries have different customs and habits. Even the material aspect of culture can reflect some customs and habits. 3 Discrepancies in Moral Standards Moral standards vary in different countries, even in different periods of a country. 4 Discrepancies in Religious Beliefs Religion has exercised a lasting influence throughout human history. Both western and eastern people have varying religious beliefs that are part of their respective cultures. In China, Buddhism and Taoism have taken a strong hold in Chinese society. 5 Discrepancies in Aesthetics Aesthetics, a cultures concepts concerning beauty and good taste, as expressed in its art, folklore, music, and dance, are of a particular interest to international tourists. Without the culturally correct interpretation of a societys aesthetic values, communication is seldom successful. Insensitivity to aesthetics can not only lead to ineffective communication, but may offend tourists or create a negative impression as well. 意义语境和引申(Contextual and Extended Meaning) 文字重复和简练(Repetition and Succinctness) 主语省略和增添(Subjectlessness and the Subject) 语态被动和主动(Passive and Active Voices) 句子意合与形合(Parataxis and Hypotaxis) 结构分割与合并(Structural Dividing and Joining) 翻译中应注意 文化差异价值观念的差异 思维方式的差异 审美情趣的差异 目的论(Skopostheory) 翻译“目的论”是由德国功能派学者 Vermeer 和 Christiane Nord 提 出来的。 ”目的论”的核心是“目的决定手段” (the translation purpose justifies the translation process. “the end justifies the means” 目的论是旅游翻译的指导性理论。 旅游宣传资料的目的是传播中国文化，吸引游客，让 外国人看懂、听懂、读懂。 翻译原则 “以中国文化为取向；以译文为重点。 ” （张宁） 所谓以中国文化为取向，就是尽量保留中国文化信息，尽量多地宣传中 国文化，因为了解中国文化是外国旅游者的重要目的，而翻译的主要目 的就是促进文化交流。 所谓以译文为重点，即指翻译旅游资料时，既要忠实于原文又不拘泥于 原文。要从译文读者的角度出发，对信息进行适当调整，让他们好读好 懂。 增译 （包括“解释”） 翻译旅游资料要求有针对性，是向外国游客介绍中国 的风景名胜。其中有许多民族传统文化色彩浓厚的东西，在中国妇孺皆知。但 译成英文时要增添理解原文内容所必需的背景知识，如：历史事件发生的年代， 名人的生卒年代，他们的身份及其在历史上的贡献，名胜的具体位置等等以帮 助外国游客更好地理解。 删减 对旅游资料中有关中国传统文化特有的产物，若直 接按字面译成英语，对理解原文没有任何帮助，甚至外国游客根本就看 不懂，应当适当删改 转译（类比、借用）把中文资料中有关的内容转化为外国游客熟悉的同 类的内容。 “借用手法指借典译典，借译语表达式和形象来翻译源语有特定文化含义 的表达式和形象，以求等效”（何自然等，2004） 。有的学者称这种方法 为 cultural substitution (文化替换)。 改写 （1）对原文句子 结构的改写 由于思维方式不同，中国人和西方人写作时的推理方法 也不同。西方人是直线思维，多采用演绎推理；而中国人是螺旋式思维， 多采用归纳推理。在展开一个话题时，汉语往往迂回曲折，先分说，再 总括，多用掉尾句；而英语则开门见山，先总括，再分说，多用松散句。 翻译时有必要对原文的结构加以调整，使其与西方读者或游客的习惯相 吻合 （2）对原文诗词的改写 诗词的翻译比较困难，改写可以算作一种补救措施。 （3）对原文行文风格 的改写（避虚就实） 汉语和英语在行文风格和修辞上存在较大的差异。汉语旅 游资料中有许多华丽辞藻悬、四字词组只是为了音韵的和谐和渲染气氛， 并无多大实际意义，翻译时应该调整措辞，将这些虚华之词用明白晓畅 的语言重新表述，使译文通达流畅，符合英文的表达习惯，增强译文的 可读性，也更利于外国游客和读者的理解和接受。 旅游翻译首先应该以旅游者为导向（tourist- oriented）,让他们听懂、看懂、读懂。如果遇到非常 主观性的描述语言， 翻译作业：旅游文本翻译赏析 神话世界九寨沟 蜀中山水，不知迷醉了多少古人和今人 近年来，在四川北部南坪县境内，闪现出一颗五光十色的风光“宝石”，这就是人们赞不绝 口的“神话世界” 九寨沟。它镶嵌在宋潘、南坪、平武三县接壤的群山之中，面积约六万公 顷，距成都约四百公里。九寨沟，由树正群海沟、则查洼海沟、日则沟三条主沟组成，海 拔平均在2500米左右。过去，沟中有九个藏族村寨，因此得名。 Jiuzhaogou, Chinas Fairyland Sichuan Province in southwest China is renowned for its many fascinating natural wonders, which have attracted millions of travelers over the centuries. The recent discovery of the scenic beauty of Jiuzhaigou（ Nine-village Ravine） has added charm to the picturesque landscape. Known as Chinas fairyland, Jiuzhaigou is located in the hills along the borders of Nanping, Pingwu and Songpan counties, some 400 kilometers from Chengdu, the provincial capital. Three scenic areas Shuzheng Qunhaigou, Zechawagou and Rizegou combine to make up the 60,000 hectares of fairyland, which is nearly 2,500 meters above sea level. Its name “Nine-village Ravine” is supposed to be because Tibetans once inhabited nine villages in the ravine. 南坪县志*翠海 对九寨沟风光曾有过粗略的记载：“羊峒番内，海峡长数里。水光浮翠， 倒映林岚。 ”九寨沟风光之美，实际上百倍于这样的描绘。就四川的名山秀水而论，总是有 他们各自的独特风格和个性的。如峨眉山的“秀”，青城山的“幽”，剑门关的“ 险”，夔门的 “雄”。九寨沟的风光，因它的内涵丰富，很难以一字穷述，还须继续探幽发微。说它宛若 “神话世界”，恐怕也只是见重于外在的美吧。 Here is a brief record in “Green Lakes” a chapter in the Annals of Nanping County: “ In Jiuzhaigou, lakes meander for miles, with wooded hills mirrored in the clear water. ” The scene, actually, is much beautiful than can be put into words. Sichuan Province is rich in scenic wonders, each with its own distinctive featuresthe elegance of Mount Emei, the serenity of Mount Qingcheng, the sharp precipice of Jianmen Pass, and the grandeur of Kuimen. But to depict the diverse natural beauty of Jiuzhaigou in one or two words is not nearly enough. “ Fairyland” , however inadequate, is perhaps the only word to choose. 论山品水，古今时尚。或以诗，或以画，或以游记，或以摄影，运用各种不同的艺术手段， 表达出山水风光的风格和个性。九寨沟风光的风格和个性，还在不断探索和认识过程中。 这里，得感谢一位长居山中的藏族老人，他讲述了九寨山水来源的一则神话故事。他说在 很古很古的时候，九寨沟万山丛中，有个男神仙达戈，和美丽的女神仙沃诺色嫫自由恋爱， 男神仙用风云磨了一面镜子，送给女神仙做梳妆打扮用；女神仙接镜时失手，摔成108 块 碎片，散落山中，变成了108“个翠海”。古老的传说启发了我们：九寨沟的奇美风光，就在 于它有着天然生成的108个“翠海”；从风光的结构上讲，它是以山水为主题的，这就有别于 其他山水的特色了。 Intrigued by the fairyland, true lovers of nature have tired recording its unique beauty in poems, paintings, photographs and travel notes. An old local Tibetan tells the story of Jiuzhaigou: “Once upon a time, there lived deep in the mountains an immortal named Dage and a fairy maiden named Wonuosemo. They fell in love. One day, Dage presented Wonuosemo with a bright mirror, which he had polished with the wind and the clouds. Unfortunately, the mirror slipped from the maidens hand and broke into 108 pieces, each turning into a lake of emerald green.” It is no wonder why scenic Jiuzhaigou is so entertaining, with so many distinctive Green Lakes reigning over the whole area. China is a land of scenic contrasts, each uniquely representing its own area: West Lake in Hangzhou with enchanting pavilions set in quiet surroundings, Mount Emei in Sichuan with peaks peeping through mist and clouds, Guilin in Guangxi with panoramic views of mountains and rivers. And Jiuzhaigou represents another view. Aged trees wave the seasons by, amid carpets of wild flowers and thick green vegetation. Sparkling lakes and waterfalls vary with every season. Some rare trees and grasses, survivors of the glacial epoch, still thrive here in harmony with a host of creatures which make this ravine their home, for the land teems with such animals as giant pandas, golden monkeys, takins, white-eared pheasants, deer and river deer. All of this unfolds into a panorama of beautifully balanced fauna and flora. 祖国山水，风格多样；多样的风格，相对应而存在，相比较而多姿。杭州西湖，水榭歌台， 人工赋予它典雅美。蜀中的仙山峨眉，漂浮于云涛雾海呈秀色于烟雨浸满的山林。誉满中 华的桂林山水，水秀山奇，山水平分秋色。九寨沟风光，却又是另一番景象了。在那里， 古树摇曳春秋，山花自谢自开，植被茸茸升烟，海子和瀑布随着季节的推移而变幻多姿。 在那里冰河时期遗留下来的星叶草、独叶草、先花后叶的领春树，以及熊猫、金丝猴、扭 角羚、白马鸡、獐、鹿组成了奇异的“动植物王国”。据南平县对九寨沟风光有独到见解 者讲：“九寨沟的山水风光，纵有万丽千奇，一旦离开原始的自然美，就一切都没有了。 ”他 们的见解是精辟的。当你步入沟中，便可见树正群海淡荡生辉，瀑布舒洒碧玉。一到金秋， 满山枫叶降红。盛夏，湖山幽翠。仲春，树绿花艳四时都呈现它的天然原始，宁静幽深。 日则沟里的镜湖、五花海，则查洼沟里的五彩池，虽缤纷艳丽，但令人迷醉的是绚丽的和 谐景色。这种独特的景观，只有在这个自然保护区才能看到。因此说，天然原始是九寨沟 风光的个性和风格，是比较得当的。 九寨沟风光，不愧是蜀中又一幅新的山水画卷！ As observers from Nanping County have justly put it, “All the beauty of Jiuzhaigou is endowed by nature. If the natural charm were removed, the