高考英语总复习语法专项方法

高考英语总复习语法专项方法反意疑问句一.反意疑问句的分类:1.第一类反意疑问句由两部分组成, 前一部分作陈述; 后一部分提问, 起证实或反证作用, 或只表示疑问语调的作用, 其肯定或否定与前一部分相反. 这一类反意疑问句实际上不表示疑问, 也并不一定要求对方回答a. You havent done your homework, have you ?b. You will be away for long, wont you ?2.第二类反意疑问句也由两部分组成, 前一部分作肯定的陈述, 用肯定形式, 后一部分提问也用肯定形式, 表示说话人对第一部分的陈述的真实性有所怀疑, 请对方加以证实a. He teaches English, does he ?二.应注意的问题:1.疑问部分的主语与陈述部分的主语的对应:.陈述部分是 there be结构时, 疑问部分用 be(not) ther提问a. There is no doubt about it, is there ?b. There are hundreds of students on the playground, arent there ?语法专项 疑问句.陈述部分的主语是 everyone, someone, anyone, no one等表示人的不定代词时, 疑问部分主语多用 they, 也可用 hea. Everyone knows his job, doesnt he ? / Everyone knows their jobs, dont they ?.陈述部分的主语是 everything, nothing, something等表示物的不定代词时, 疑问部分的主语用 it.a. Everything goes very well, doesnt it ?.陈述部分的主语是 each时, 如果强调单个, 疑问部分的主语用单数代词; 如果强调全体, 疑问部分的主语用复数代词a. Each of the students has his own desk, doesnt he ?b. Each of the students passed the exam, didnt they ?c. Each of the pens has a red cap, doesnt it ?.陈述部分的主语是不定式, 动名词, 词组或从句时, 疑问部分的主语用 ita. To drive a car is not easy, is it ?b. Seeing is believing, isnt it ?c. That you are leaving soon is true, isnt it ?.陈述部分的主语是 this , that, these, those时, 疑问部分的主语要用 it 或 theya. This is very important, isnt it ?b. These are the books you bought yesterday, arent they ?2.疑问部分的不完全动词与陈述部分的不完全动词的对应:复习语法专项 疑问句.陈述部分没有不完全动词(即谓语中只有实义动词)时, 疑问部分用 do的某形式来提问a. He likes English very much, doesnt he ?b. He went to the cinema last Sunday, didnt he ?c. You have learned English for eight years, havent you ?.陈述部分的谓语是 used to do(过去经常)时, 疑问部分既可用 used, 也可用 did提问a. He used to live in London, usednt / didnt he ?.若在陈述部分将 need / dare / have作为不完全动词使用, 则疑问部分仍用 need / dare / have提问; 若在陈述部分将 need / dare / have作为实义动词来用, 则疑问部分用 do的某一形式提问a. We need to do it right now, dont we ?b. We neednt do it right now, need we ?c. You have finished your homework, havent you ?d. You have a computer of you own, dont you ?.陈述部分有 must表示 一定是, 肯定是的推测意义时, 疑问部分不用 must提问, 而要根据 must所表示的时间, 用 do / be的某一形式来提问, 具体对应情况见下表:陈述部分谓语形式含义疑问部分用来提问的不完全动词must do / be复习语法专项 疑问句一般情况或现在状态do, am / is / aremust be doing正在发生的情况am / is / aremust have done过去发生的情况dida. He must be a student in this school, isnt he ?b. You must be tired, arent you ?c. They must be doing their lessons right now, arent they ?d. You must have met him at the party yesterday, didnt you ?.陈述部分有 must表示有必要时, 疑问部分用neednt提问a. You must go home right now, neednt you ?3.其他问题:.陈述部分谓语出现有否定词缀的动词时, 疑问部分仍用否定结构a. He is unfit for his office, isnt he ?.陈述部分含有 no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时 , 疑问部分要用肯定形式a. He hardly knows English, does he ?.陈述部分的主语是 I时, 疑问部分中否定常用arent I.a. I am your friend, arent I ?.陈述部分是 I ( dont ) think / believe / suppose / expect that.(即否定转移句)时, 疑问部分要根据 that引导的宾语从句来作a. I think he can finish the work, cant he ?复习语法专项 疑问句b. I dont think he can finish the work, can he ?陈述部分谓语形式含义疑问部分用来提问的不完全动词must do / be一般情况或现在状态 do, am / is / aremust be doing 正在发生的情况 am / is / aremust have done 过去发生的情况 dida. He must be a student in this school, isnt he ?b. You must be tired, arent you ?c. They must be doing their lessons right now, arent they ?d. You must have met him at the party yesterday, didnt you ?.陈述部分有 must表示有必要时, 疑问部分用neednt提问a. You must go home right now, neednt you ?3.其他问题:.陈述部分谓语出现有否定词缀的动词时, 疑问部分仍用否定结构a. He is unfit for his office, isnt he ?.陈述部分含有 no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时 , 疑问部分要用肯定形式a. He hardly knows English, does he ?.陈述部分的主语是 I时, 疑问部分中否定常用arent I.a. I am your friend, arent I ?.陈述部分是 I ( dont ) think / believe / suppose / expect that.(即否定转移句)时, 疑问部分要根据 that引导的宾语从句来作复习语法专项 疑问句a. I think he can finish the work, cant he ?b. I dont think he can finish the work, can he ?第二十章：直接引语与间接引语一.直接引语与间接引语的转换:1.直接引语是陈述句, 变成间接引语时将陈述句变成that引导的宾语从句a. Mary said, I arrived yesterday. =Mary said that she had arrived the day before.b. Alice said, Ive just got a letter from my father. =Alice said that she had just got a letter from her father.2.直接引语是一般疑问句, 变成间接引语时, 把一般疑问句变成由 if / whether引导的宾语从句, 同时将语序改成陈述语序, said 变成 asked, asked后没有间接宾语时, 要加一个间接宾语如 me / him /her等a. Jane asked Tom, Have you finished writing the report ? =Jane asked Tom if / whether he had finished writing the report.b. Jane asked Dick, Have you finished writing the report ? =Jane asked Dick if / whether he had finished writing the report.3.直接引语是特殊疑问句, 变成间接引语时, 特殊疑问句变成由原疑问词引导的宾语从句, 同时变成陈述语序a. What are you doing Jack ? Mary asked. =Mary asked him what he was doing.总复习语法专项 疑问句b. They asked him, When do you harvest the wheat ? =They asked him when he harvested the wheat.c. When did you leave Shanghai ? Peter asked me. =Peter asked me when I left Shanghai.4.直接引语是祈使句, 变成间接引语时, 把祈使句变成一个不定式短语, 同时根据不同的口气选用适当的谓语动词, 构成 ask / tell / order sb (not) to do sth.的结构a. Dont come late again. he said. =He told me not to come late again.b. Turn the oil over, please. He said. =He asked me to turn the soil over.c. The farmer said, Dont grow plants in the same place year after year. =The farmer told me not to grow plants in the same place year after year.二.应注意的问题: 在直接引语变成间接引语时要注意以下问题1.人称代词, 物主代词要作相应的变化, 这方面的变化与汉语的习惯完全相同a. He said, I like it very much. =He said that he liked it very much.b. He said, I have left my book in your room. =He said he had left his book in my room.2.时态的变化: 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时, 直接引语变成间接引语时, 从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化(见下表); 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时, 从句的时态无需变化总复习语法专项 疑问句直接引语间接引语一般现在时 He said, I am afraid I cant finish this work一般过去时 He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work现在进行时 He said, I am using the knife.过去进行时 He said that he was using the knife.现在完成时 She said, I have not heard from him since May.过去完成时 She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般过去时 He said, I came to help you.过去完成时 He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时 He said, I had finished my homework before supper.过去完成时 He said that he had finished his homework before supper.一般将来时 Zhou Lan said, I will do it after class.过去将来时 Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.些指示代词, 时间状语, 地点状语和动词要做相应的变化:直接引语间接引语this She said, I will come this said that she would go that morning.theseHe said, These books are said that those books were his.nowHe said, It is nine oclock said that it was nine oclock then.总复习语法专项 疑问句todayHe said, I havent seen her dayHe said that he hadnt seen her that day.yesterdayShe said, I went there day beforeShe said that she had gone there the day before.tomorrowShe said, I will go there next / following dayShe