试论制造企业的物流成本管理 (2)

试论制造企业的物流成本管理试论制造企业的物流成本管理(开题报告,毕业论文 15600 字) 摘 要： 企业成本的高低一直以来不仅仅是各方关注的焦点，同时也是会计核算的重要组成部分。而物流成本作为企业成本的一部分，对现代企业的经营和发展也就同样起到了及其重要的作用。本文对物流成本管 .试论制造企业的物流成本管理(开题报告,毕业论文字)摘 要： 企业成本的高低一直以来不仅仅是各方关注的焦点，同时也是会计核算的重要组成部分。而物流成本作为企业成本的一部分，对现代企业的经营和发展也就同样起到了及其重要的作用。本文对物流成本管理的国内外研究现状做出简要叙述，再就物流成本管理现存的问题展开论述，提出如今制造企业存在物流成本过高，物流成本核算科目设置不合理，以及管理信息化水平低等现状。并探讨其形成的原因，诸如物流量未达到一定规模，供应链成本高，物流作业分散，信息标准不统一，以及对物流成本管理缺乏正确认识等，从而依此找出解决的对策。关键词：制造企业；物流成本；物流成本管理On Manufacturing Enterprises Logistics Cost ManagementAbstract： The high cost of enterprise that has been not only the focus of attention, but also the important component of the accounting. The logistics cost, as part of the cost of enterprise, also plays an important role in the modern enterprise management and development. In this paper, the logistics cost management is reviewed briefly, and the existing problems are discussed. Then putting forward that the logistics cost in manufacture enterprise existence is too high. Accounting subject of logistics cost is setting unreasonable. And the lever of management information is low. In this case, discuss its cause of formation. Such as material flow rate did not reach the certain scale, supply chain cost is high, logistics operations dispersed, information standard is not uniform, and lack of correct understanding of logistics cost management, etc. Finally, according to it and find out the counter measures. Key words：Manufacturing enterprise；Logistics costs； Logistics cost management摘 要信息是人类社会发展的必需。美国心理学家 AblertMherbaina 通过实验证实:信息的总效果=7%的文字+38%的音调+55%的面部表情和动作，即人类信息的传递总是由语言和非语言符号组成。在体育中，信息的传递方式同样是由教师通过有声语和体态语与学生进行信息交流，传达感情的。体态语不仅是人类活动中一种特殊的非语言表达形式，也是体育教学中最富有生命力的信息传播方式，更是教学中不可忽视的一个组成部分。在教学过程中，因体育教学具有身体活动的特点，决定了教师在体态语的用语方面有别于其它专业的教学，大多具有较强的直观形象性，在培养和发展学生的综合素质，提高教师教学艺术，全面推进素质教育中身心健康的发展、创新教育的开展、新型师生关系的重建具有独特的功能。因此，如何掌握一些适合于本学科特点的、基本而又实用的体态语技巧，是当前我国体育教学理论与实践需要研究的现实课题之一。本研究从语言学、信息学角度出发，以高校健美操教学为例，体态语为突破口，运用文献资料法、调查法、实验法及数理统计法等研究方法，吸收和借鉴其它学科的研究成果，对体育教学中的体态语进行了全方位的、系统的理论和实践研究。 关键词：体态语；体育教学；健美操教学AbstractInformation is necessary for the development of human society. U.S. psychologists AblertMherbaina confirmed by experiments: the total effect of information = 7% of the text +38% +55% of the tone of facial expressions and movements, namely, human transmission of information is always non-language by language and symbols. In Physical Education, teaching the same way transfer of information from teachers through a sound language and body language with the students for information exchange, convey the feelings. Body Language is not only human activities in a special non-verbal expression, physical education is the most full of vitality in the dissemination of information, is teaching can not be ignored an integral part. In the teaching process, a physical education because of the characteristics of physical activity, the decision of the teachers in terms of body language is different from other aspects of the teaching profession, most with strong visual image, in training and development of the overall quality of students, enhancing Teaching art, comprehensive promotion of quality education in the development of physical and mental health, the development of innovative education, a new type of teacher-student relationship with the reconstruction of unique features. Therefore, how to master some of the subjects suitable for the characteristics, the basic body language and practical skills, is currently Chinas sports Teaching Theory and Practice need to study the practical issue of one. This study linguistics, informatics point of view, teaching aerobics to colleges and universities as an example, the body language as a breakthrough point, the use of documentation, investigation, experiment and mathematical statistics and other research methods, absorb and draw on the results of research on other subjects , The Sports Body Language Teaching in a comprehensive and systematic study of theory and practice. Key words: body language, physical education; Aerobics Teaching目 录 字摘 要 2Abstract 3第一章 导言 4第二章 研究流程与研究方法 52.1 研究工作流程 52.2 研究方法 62.2.1 文献资料法 62.2.2 调查法 62.2.3 数理统计法 6 2.2.4 实验法 6第三章 体育教学中的体态语 113.1 体育教学中体态语的概念及基本特征 113.1.1 体育教学中体态语的概念 113.1.2 体育教学中体态语的基本特征 113.2 体育教学中体态语的分类 133.2.1 体育教学中体态语的构成成分 133.2.2 体育教学中体态语的类型 14第四章 体育教学中体态语的解析 164.1 实验结果 164.1.1 情绪体验 164.1.2 自我评价 174.1.3 课的评价 184.1.4 学习效果评价 184.2 实验效果的分析 204.2.1 情绪体验分析 204.2.2 自我评价分析 214.2.3 课的评价分析 224.2.4 学习效果评价分析 224.3 实验小结 25第五章 体育教学中体态语运用的原则启示 27 5.1 启发性原则 275.2 准确性原则 275.3 共意性原则 285.4 和谐性原则 28第六章 结论 29参考文献 30致 谢 38 摘 要翻译作为沟通不同语言与文化的桥梁，在跨文化交际中起着不可或缺的作用。译者在翻译的过程中总会面临翻译策略的选择。翻译策略是指译者在处理源语与译语语言文化差异时所用的方法。在翻译中有两种基本策略：归化和异化。本文主要从翻译学、语言学和跨文化交际的角度来讨论这两种翻译策略以及他们的应用。首先，文章概述了国内外翻译界对归化与异化研究的现状并指出继续深入研究的必要性；接着论述了语言、文化与翻译之间的相互关系；然后系统地讨论归化和异化这两种翻译策略，包括他们的定义，历史上的有关争论和当前的研究现状，并阐述了作者的观点。接下来本文讨论了影响译者选择翻译策略的因素，例如：文本类型、目标语读者的水平、翻译的社会历史背景、译者的翻译的目的及其文化态度等等。作者试图通过对这些因素进行详细分析，并结合具体例子，分别从语言和文化层面对中国古典名著红楼梦的两个英译本中归化与异化的应用进行比较研究（杨宪益译本和霍克斯译本） ，来论证异化与归化看似矛盾，实则相互补充的辩证关系；异化和归化因其各具特点，在不同情况下都有其存在的价值，过于强调其中的一种是片面的，不科学的；译者应该根据文本类型、翻译目的和读者水平等因素来选择合适的翻译策略，绝对归化和绝对异化都是行不通的。 希望本文对翻译策略的研究能够给译者以启发，并达到进一步加强和丰富翻译理论、指导翻译实践的目的。关键词：翻译策略；归化；异化；应用ABSTRACTTranslation, a bridge between different languages and cultures, plays an indispensable role in cross-culture communication. However, as a translator, we have to choose which strategy to deal with the cultural differences between the source language and the target language in the process of translation where there exists two major translation strategies- domestication and foreignization. In this thesis, I will discuss these strategies and their application from translation, linguistics, and cross-cultural communication perspectives.In the thesis, I will first talk about the current research of the domestication and foreignization in the translation circle as well as point out the necessity for further research. Then, I will illustrate the relationship between linguistics and translation as well as between culture and translating and next systematically discuss these two translation strategies including their definitions, the controversy in history and their current studies. Besides, I will continue to deal with such neglected factors as may influence the translators choice of translation strategies: the type of the source text (ST), the translation purposes, the level of the intended readers, the social and historical background, the translators attitude and so on. Finally, from the linguistic and cultural perspectives, the thesis makes a comparative study of the application of domestication and foreignization by analyzing typical examples from the two English versions of Hong Lou Meng translated by Yang Xianyi and David Hawkes respectively. The thesis will conclude that these two translation strategies have their respective features and applicable value. I sincerely hope that this research into translation strategies will enlighten translators and make a little contribution to the prosperity of translation studies and translation practice in China.Key words: translation strategy; domestication; foreignization; applicationCONTENTS 字 AbstractI摘要 Chapter1 Introduction 11.1 The Cultural Turn in the Study of Translation 11.2 Studies of Domestication and Foreignization 31.3 The Purpose, Significance and the Framework of the Thesis 4Chapter 2 Towards Domestication and Foreignization 52.1 Definitions of Domestication and Foreignization 52.2 The Disputes over Domestication and Foreignization in History 72.3Why Have the Disputes Always Been Going on? 82.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Domestication and Foreignization 9 Chapter 3 Factors that Influence Translators Selection of Translation Strategies 113.1 Types of Text 113.2 Social and Cultural Background 153.3 Target Language Readers 153.4 Translators Attitude 17Chapter 4 The Application of the Two Strategies to the Two English Versions of Hong Lou Meng 194.1 A Glimpse of Hong Lou Meng and Its English Versions 194.2 The Reasons for Choosing These two English Versions of Hong Lou Meng 204.3 A Comparative Study of the Two Versions of Hong Lou Meng 214.4 Translating Hong Lou Meng According to the Social Culture 22Chapter 5 Conclusions 25Bibliography 27Acknowledgements 29 中国电影海外市场拓展研究(选题审批表,任务书,开题报告,中期报告,毕业论文字)摘 要：电影产业作为文化产业的重要组成部分，对国家的经济发展发挥着越来越重要的作用，尤其是在发达国家。中国电影产业近些年在全球化的趋势下发展势头迅猛，但在拓展海外市场的过程中也遇到了不少的问题。本文将从中国电影产业发展的历程着手，讨论中国电影拓展海外市场的优势和劣势，用理论联系实际来研究中国电影拓展海外市场的策略，最后再对中国电影拓展海外市场进行展望。关键词：全球化；中国电影；海外市场；政策；策略The Study Of Chinese Film Overseas Market ExpansionAbstract:The film industry is playing an increasingly important role in the economic development of the country as an important part of cultural industries,especially in developed countries.Chinese film industry in recent years has the rapid development momentum under the trend of globalization,but in the process of expanding overseas market also encountered many problems.This article started from the history of Chinese film industry to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese film expanding overseas market.I will integrate theory with practice to study the strategy of Chinese film expanding overseas market,and finally look into the future of the tendency of the overseas market expansion about Chinese film. Key words:globalization;Chinese film;overseas market;policy;strategy 中国网上支付发展研究( 附答辩记录)(选题审批表,任务书,开题报告,中期检查表,毕业论文字,答辩记录)摘 要：本文在综合国内外权威资料的基础上，在发展如火如荼的今天，对比分析了主要网上支付的方式及其支付特点，概述了网上支付发展的过程与现状，重点剖析了影响网上支付发展面临的各种瓶颈因素，并给出了相应的对策研究，同时阐述了我国电子商务网上支付发展的趋势，并期望加深消费者对网上支付的认识， 以更好的促进网上支付及具有中国特色的在电子商务环境下的网上支付的发展。关键字：电子商务；网上支付；网上支付瓶颈；对策研究The Research of Chinas Online Payment DevelopmentAbstract: This paper is to analyze and compare with main Online Payment forms and characteristics and summary the process and the current situation of the development of Online Payment, focusing on the analysis of various Online Payment bottleneck factors which has a significant impact on the development of Online Payment with corresponding countermeasures study based on the comprehensive domestic and international authoritative material, and the full swing of the e-commerce development today, at the same time, expouding the trend of the development of Chinas Online Payment with the expectation to deepen customers recognition of Online Payment to better promote the development of Online Payment and the Online Payment with Chinas characteristics under the e-commerce environment. Key word: E-Commerce; Online Payment; Online Payment Bottleneck; Countermeasures 摘 要 物流设施的优化在企业生产系统运转的畅通程度、物料搬运成本等方面发挥着至关重要的作用，决定着产品成本的高低。随着制造业之间的竞争日趋激烈，物流设施的优化在制造业中的应用已成为许多企业关注的焦点。CNZTC 公司主要从事大型变压器的制造生产，采用单件小批量订单式的生产方式。由于其产品体积大、质量大等特点，因此如何保证制造车间内的物料流动顺畅以及搬运路线的合理性，已能为企业物流管理的一项重要工作。论文根据设施规划相关理论，结合 CNZTC 公司绕线车间生产现场的产品工艺流程、物流路线、加工时间、物流时间等相关信息，以及现场布置、物流运动的调查情况，发现企业存在的物料路线冗长、重复、交叉、和作业单位之间的物流量不均衡等问题。 运用设施规划分析方法对生产现场的物流情况进行分析，发现现行设施规划方法在实际分析中的不适用、不合理之处。针对这个问题,提出了适合企业实际的物流强度，并引入了模糊系统布置设计方法，对设施规划作业单位对之间的物流强度进行分析，划分出各作业单位之间的相互关系等级，从而根据关系紧密的作业单位对靠近放置的原则，提出了相应的改进方案。关键词：生产物流，设施规划，系统布置设计，模糊数学 ABSTRACTThe optimization of logistics facilities is playing an important role in smooth functioning of the production system level Material handling costs and so on, and it determine the level of product cost. As the manufacturing sector increasingly fierce competition, optimization of logistics facilities in the manufacturing for many enterprises have become the focus of attention. CNZT company primarily engaged in the production of large transformers, and its mode of production is single small-volume orders. because of its products characteristics larger and weight, How to ensure that the smooth of the materials flow in manufacturing workshop and the reasonableness of the line, Has been able to be an important task of enterprise logistics management.According to theory related to facilities planning, Combining production at the scene of the product process, logistics line, the processing time, logistics time, and other relevant information and the investigation of scene layout, the logistics of the campaign in winding workshop of CNZTC company, Enterprises found some issues such as long line of materials, duplication, overlap between the units and logistics operations of the imbalance and so on. We use facilities planning analysis to the production scene of the logistics situation analysis and found that the existing facilities in the actual planning methods in the analysis does not apply and unreasonable. To address this issue, we made the logistics strength of the actual enterprises, and introduce the fuzzy system layout design. Use them to analysis the strength of the logistics between facilities planning and operations units, and calculate the relationship between classes of the various operating units. At last, According to the close relations between the operating units placed on and around, get the corresponding improvement programme. Key words： Production logistics, Facilities planning, System layout planning, Fuzzy Mathematics 论文的研究目标理论结合实际，提出改进的系统布置设计方法。在实际的分析操作中，能将该方法和实际问题相结合，提出优化的方案，使车间的布局合理，物流顺畅，不仅满足现有生产线的需要，为未来的扩展留有足够的空间。同时，改进的优化方法除了能在该企业得到运用以外，还能广泛用于制造企业，和其他研究领域。论文的结构框架本文首先对设施规划的研究现状和相关理论进行了介绍，系统地阐述了设施规划的经典理论系统布置设计（ SLP）的操作步骤。通过对其优化过程的分析，发现现行系统布置设计方法的不足之处，针对其不足之处，引入了模糊系统布置设计方法，即模糊数学和经典系统布置设计相结合的方法。然后，将模糊系统布置设计方法运用在 CNZTC 公司绕线车间之中，得出相应的优化方案。目 录 字中文摘要 ABSTRACT 1 绪论 11.1 论文研究的背景和意义 1 1.2 论文的主要内容和关键解决问题 21.2.1 系统布置设计 21.2.2 模糊数学分析 21.2.3 车间布局设计 31.3 论文的研究目标 31.4 论文的结构框架 31.5 本章小结 42 设施规划的相关理论 52.1 设施规划概述 52.1.1 设施规划的概念 52.1.2 设施规划的发展及研究现状 52.2 设施规划的基本方法和理论 62.2.1 系统布置设计 SLP（System Layout Planning） 62.2.2 约束理论 TOC（Theory of Constraints） 92.3 本章小结 93 CNZTC 公司设施规划现状分析 103.1 CNZTC 公司概况 103.1.1 CNZTC 公司的企业现状 103.1.2 CNZTC 公司的组织结构 10 3.1.3 CNZTC 公司的产品介绍 113.2 CNZTC 公司的生产现状 123.2.1 CNZTC 公司的生产组织 123.2.2 CNZTC 公司的生产流程 133.3 CNZTC 公司绕线车间的物流现状 153.3.1 绕线车间的物流路线分析 153.3.2 绕线车间存在的物流问题 163.4 设施规划分析方法 173.4.1 传统系统布置设计方法在绕线车间运用的不足之处 173.4.2 模糊数学理论 183.4.4 模糊系统布置设计方法 193.5 本章小结 214 模糊系统布置设计在 CNZTC 公司的实际运用 224.1 CNZTC 公司绕线车间的优化目标 224.2 CNZTC 公司绕线车间的设施布局分析 224.2.1 设施布局优化的原则 224.2.2 绕线车间的工艺过程 224.2.3 绕线车间作业单位的从至表 24 4.2.4 绕线车间作业单位的物流强度汇总表 254.2.5 非物流相关程度的指标体系 254.2.6 综合作业单位相关程度的模糊计算 284.2.7 绕线车间作业单位的综合相互关系表 314.3 CNZTC 公司绕线车间的设施规划改进 324.3.1 绕线车间设施规划的改进方法 324.3.2 绕线车间设施规划的改进方案 324.3.3 绕线车间设施规划的改进效果 364.4 本章小结 375 结论 38致谢 39参考文献 40附录 1：专家评分问卷 41 论新闻媒体侵权行为的规制(附答辩记录)(包含选题审批表,任务书,开题报告,中期检查表,毕业论文字,成绩评定册,实习成绩考核表)摘 要：新闻媒体的舆论监督在民主法治建设中发挥着重要作用，但如果利用不当，容易对他人的合法权益造成损害。新闻侵权纠纷既是在公民法制意识不断增强、法制建设日益健全的情况下，围绕着保护公民、法人的合法权益而开展的，其积极作用是主流，由此产生的深远影响肯定会贯彻到未来的新闻行业发展中。另一方面，新闻侵权的频发给社会带来了不良影响，它给当事人造成巨大的诉讼成本,而且使新闻媒体丧失公信力。我国的新闻媒体是党和人民的喉舌,在老百姓的心目中具有较高的权威性。新闻侵权案件的频繁发生,不仅影响了新闻单位在人们心目中的形象,动摇了其地位,而且使新闻传播功能大大减弱。同时,由于新闻传媒覆盖面广、传播速度快、影响面大、受众不计其数，一旦含有侵权内容的新闻播出后，将造成极为恶劣的社会影响，新闻侵权正成为新闻界及法学界关注的焦点。关键词： 新闻；侵权；预防；规制；法律THEORY OF NEWS MEDIA TORT LAW REGULATING Abstract：The news media supervision of public opinion in democracy and the rule of law construction plays an important role, but if use undeserved, easy to damage the lawful rights and interests of others. News infringement is growing in citizen consciousness of legal system, and the legal system construction is increasingly perfect circumstances, around to protect the lawful rights and interests of citizens, legal persons for the, its positive role is the mainstream, the resulting far-reaching influence will certainly carry out into the future of journalism is developing. On the other hand, news of tort frequent brings to the society, it has bad effect to parties cause huge litigation costs, and the news media lose credibility. Our news media is party and peoples voice, in the minds of people with higher authority. News of the infringement cases frequent, not only affects the news unit in people image, wavering in its position, and make the news spread function greatly abate. Meanwhile, because the news media coverage, speed, however, countless, once the audience containing the infringing content after newscasts, will cause extremely bad social influence, news infringement is becoming the focus of press and law. Key words：news; infringement ; prevention ; regulation ; legal 摘要：日语中的禁忌语言和日本文化生活中的禁忌，是日本文化的一个重要组成部分，掌握日语中的禁忌文化知识，对于了解日本文化和中日文化交流都有着实质性的作用，日本人日常生活中的禁忌语言和禁忌习俗是日本民族在长期的共同生活与交往之中形成的,因而具有鲜明的民族特点。弄清楚这些禁忌,有利于我们在同日本人民的交往之中加深情感,减少和消除误会。本文主要从日本日常生活中的不同场合，如从婚礼，葬礼，宴请宾客，饮食方面，以及相关生活习俗方面的禁忌着手进行研究，内容主要涉及日本文化生活的衣食住行等各方面，希望通过这些方面的学习研究能够对于日本文化生活的日常禁忌得到比较深层次的了解。关键词：禁忌用语;禁忌食物；习惯；注意 日本今中国学識広深文化影響深受、自身発展過程特有文化。少疑問、国家用語生活習慣関連、日本地域狭島国、多生活禁忌持、中国文化大相違存在。本文主日本文化生活中生活禁忌常用語対通研究行、特日本人日常生活中交流中禁忌件詳陳述行。 目 次 7800 字要旨 1 1 2.先行研究本稿立場 2 .忌言葉源 32.1 禁忌形成原因