高考英语语法汇总

高考英语语法汇总非谓语动词一、 在句中不能作谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词二、 啥样呢?1. 不定式:To do2. 动名词:Doing3. 分词:DoneEg1. The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue.围绕着群岛的海洋是深蓝色的Eg2. My mother ordered the homework to be done.非谓语动词的宾补,其逻辑主语为前面宾语 方法一:口诀法非谓语,三要点。变否定,NOT 前。哼哈将,时逻关。七仙女,记心间。(一) 变否定(二) 哼哈将1.动词不定式主动关系 被动关系一般式 To do To be done完成式 To have done To have been done进行式 To be doing (To be being done)完成进行式 To have being doing (To have been being done) 一般式:不定式的动作和谓语动词动作同时发生或在谓语动词之后的动作发生。AA:谓语动词 B:不定式 完成式:不定时动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。AA:谓语动词 B:不定式Eg3. Jay Chou taught us to sing 黄河大合唱 last night. 进行式:不定时的动作和谓语动词动作同时正在进行AA:谓语动词 B:不定式Eg4. When his mother entered, the boy pretended to be sleeping. 完成进行式:不定时的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生,一直持续到谓语动词动作,到谓语动词动作为止。不定时的动作有可能刚刚结束,还有可能继续延续下去。AA:谓语动词 B:不定式Eg5. Mr. Zhong is said to have been working as a teacher for 10 years.2.动名词 (同时具有动词和名词的双重性质,Doing)主动关系 被动关系一般式 Doing Being done完成式 Having done Having been done 一般式:动名词动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。AA:谓语动词 B:动名词若非谓语动词动作在谓语动词动作之后发生,则通常用“To do“ 完成式:动名词动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。AA:谓语动词 B:不定式Eg6. She didnt acknowledge having received my flowers.Eg7. Xiaoqiang was so lucky that it had just missed being caught.To DoDoing( 1.固定搭配; mean to do计划 mean doing意味着 )某些词(need, demand要求, deserve应得, allow, want, worth, require)后,用动名词的主动形式表示被动。Eg8. The house needs repairing. Be worthy of being done=Be worthy to be doneEg9. Want +to do(想要) / doing(想要被)3.分词1)Doing Doing 更强调经常性、习惯性动作)Eg16. I like dancing but I dont like to dance with you now.现在分词表示主动或一种持续状态;过去分词表被动7) 作表语区分系动词:Like, get, come, see, smell表、宾可省Whether 是 联想谐音记头法(千万孤独)If 否连接代词特指(泛指) Who(ever) 谁 主、表Whom(ever) 谁 宾What(ever) 什么 主、宾、表Which(ever) 哪一个 主、宾、定Whose(ever) 谁的 定有选择项用“Which“,没有选择项用“What“Whose“必须和后面名词同时省略连接副词 When(ever) 时间Where(ever) 地点Why 原因How(ever) 方式、程度Eg27. This is what I like.找查原则找从句 查成分Eg28. This is where I run析: S+谓(eg. I ran)S+谓+(介+宾)/状Eg29. Mary wrote an article on (why the team had failed to win the match).2.语时俱进1)语序:疑问句在从句中要按正常语序排列(疑问词+S+谓)2)时态:要保持一致Whether 与 If若先行词为 the only one of the + n.(pl.), 则谓语动词用单数三. “限制性定语从句“与“非限制性定语从句“的区分Eg36. Xiao Qiang, who lives in Beijing, is my brother.Xiao Qiang who lives in Beijing is my brother.1.“,“逗号2. 限制性定语从句只能用来限制、修饰先行词,不能省略,通常放在先行词前,与主句译为一句;非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,通常可省略,翻译时与主句译为两句。3. Which 引导非限制性定语从句时,还可替代整个句子的句意。状语从句(时间、地点、原因、让步、条件、方式、目的、结果、比较)比方让木(目)条原地开花结果实(时)(一) 比较状语从句“三要“:AS 之间要原形, (“asas“结构,中间加adj./adv.原形)比较对象要对立, eg. YY likes dogs more than I (do).THAN 后主宾要分清(二) 方式状语从句As正如,像As ifAs though(三) 让步状语从句1. Though /All though /Even if /Even though /While 后面不加“but“,“however“ ;可以出现 yet, still, nevertheless2. Whatever =No matter what, 引导名词性从句时不可替换,引导状语从句时可以替换。3. Adj.Adv.Article +n.VerbEg37. Ugly as I am, I am tender.(四) 目的状语从句In order thatSo thatSothat(五) 条件状语从句(条件状语从句中不能用将来时)1. if 主将从现2. unless = ifnot 除非3. as long as 只要provided thatproviding thaton condition that(六) 原因状语从句Seeing thatConsidering thatIn that 因为(引导原因状语从句)(七) 地点状语从句Wherever, Where, Anywhere, EverywhereEg38. People dont lack strength they lack will.(八) 结果状语从句1. so +adj./adv. + thatso many /few /much /little +n. +thatso +adj. +a /an +n. +that2. such +n. + thatsuch + a lot of +n. +thatsuch a /an +adj. +n.+ that(九) 时间状语从句1. When, While, As突然 然而 伴随2. before 推测:可能Cant 本义:不能;推测:不可能虚拟语气通常提出一种不可能存在的假设或与事实相反的假设2)不受主语人称和数的变化影响;3)与主要动词的原形(或称不带 to的不定式)一起构成谓语(除 ought to作固定词组看待)。(三)情态动词的基本用法1. can (could)1)表示能力,could 主要指过去时间。Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗?2)表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。The temperature can fall to -60, that is 60 below freezing.气温可降至-60,也就是零下 60。He cant (couldnt) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。You mustnt smoke while youre walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.在林子里走时勿吸烟,那样可能会引起火灾。3)表示允许。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗?He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。4)表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢?He cant (couldnt) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心?5)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗?Im afraid we couldnt give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。-2. may (might)1)表允许,might 可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?在回答以 may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如 Yes, please. / Certainly./ Please dont ./ Youd better not. / No, you mustnt.等,以免显得太严峻或不客气。2)表可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定。He may be at home. 他可能在家。She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure. 他们有可能在开会,不过我不肯定。-3. must1)表示义务。意为“必须“(主观意志)。We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。You mustnt talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。-Must we hand in our exercise-books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗?-No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 不必。(这种情况下,一般不用 mustnt)2)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定“等,只用于肯定句。He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链,一定很有钱。-4. shall1)表征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗?Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗?What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么?2)表说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心“等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。(命令)You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺)He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的,我告诉你。(警告)Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。(决心)-5. will1)表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。None is so blind as those who wont see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。If you will read the book, Ill lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书,我会把它借给你。2)表请求,用于疑问句。Will you close the window? Its a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗?有点冷。Wont you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗?3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。The door wont open. 这门打不开。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点,看着车辆行人通过。-6. should1)表义务。