2017年全国职称英语备考资料题型分析+学习笔记+高频考题+学习辅导汇编

2017 年全国职称英语备考资料题型分析+学习笔记+高频考题+学习辅导适合英语基础弱的考生本套资料包括： 2017 年全国职称英语题型详尽分析 2017 年全国职称英语考试 考试辅导学习笔记 2017 年全国职称英语考试高频短语 2017 年全国职称英语考试 阅读理解 辅导资 2017 年全国职称英语考试 完型填空 辅导资料 2017 年全国职称英语考试 阅读判断 辅导资料2017 年全国职称英语考试题型分析1词汇选项题全国职称英语等级考试大纲的词汇表对考试所涉及的词、短语作了明确的规定。大纲规定，对申报不同级别的读者要求掌握的词汇量不等。1申报 A 级的人员应认知 6000 个左右的单词和短语； 2申报 B 级的人员应认知 5000 个左右的单词和短语； 3申报 C 级的人员应认知 4000 个左右的单词和短语。 职称英语等级考试的第一个考试项目是词汇选择。它考查应试者理解一定语境下单词或短语意义的能力。考试提供的材料为 l5 个句子，每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语画有底横线，要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的 4 个选项中选择 l 个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。这里的“一定语境”实际上指的是一个句子，考查的目的是看考生能否根据这个句子把其中画有底横线的词或短语的意思猜测出来。表面上来看，这是词汇题，实际上这是一种最简单的阅读理解题。因为任何阅读首先是从词开始的。阅读任何文字材料，词或短语的意思不清楚，就无法弄清句子的意思，也无法弄清篇章的意思，因此，阅读就无法进行下去。对一个句子中的词或短语的意思作出判断是阅读理解中最简单的一种题型。下面我们看几个实例：例 1：The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that city.A. attacked B. surprised C. attracted D. interested 这是一道画线题。答案为 B。整个句子的意思是：凡是到那个城市参观过的人，对那里发生的巨大变化都感到吃惊。在本题的四个选项中，选项 A 的意思是“攻击”，选项 B 的意思是“吃惊”，选项 C 的意思是“吸引”，选项 D 的意思是“对感兴趣”。如果考生认识句子中的每个单词，而且四个选项的意思都清楚，这道题做起来就很容易。一眼就能把答案选出来。例 2：Argument among the speakers at the conference is bordering on violenceA. is close to B. is besideC. is next to D. is alongside这道题的画线部分是一个短语，本题答案为 A。整个句子说的是：会上，讲演者之间争吵激烈差不多到了动武的程度。要答对这道题，考生必须知道 is bordering on 这个短语是什么意思，然后再看下面的四个选项哪个与其意思最为相近。选项 A is close t0 的意思是“接近”，与 is bordering on 意思相符，故为正确答案。选项 B is beside 说的是“在旁边”，显然不对，选项 C is next t0 表示“在的隔壁”，与画线部分意思不同；选项 D is alongside 表示“沿着”，在英语中很少这么说，所以也不合适。总的来讲，这几个选项意思上稍微有点相似之处，比例 l 要稍难一些。例 3：You could condense all the worthwhile information in this book into a few pagesA. compress B. collectC. convert D. combine这道题和例 1、例 2 不一样。通过比较可以看出，例 l 中的四个选项与画线部分的词形相去较远，意思也完全不一样，相对容易些。例 2 的画线部分是一短语，所给的选项也是短语，并且意思相近，相对难一些。而例 3 的特点是，四个选项与画线词的词形相似，但词义不同，让考生来辨别，这种类型的题也相对难一些。这道题的意思是：你可以把这本书中所有有用的信息用几页写出来。句中画线词 condense 的意思是“压缩”。选项 A 的意思是“压缩”，意思相同，故为正确答案。选项 B 的意思是“收集”，选项 C 的意思是“转化为”，选项 D 的意思是“(使)结合”，均与画线词的意思不同。再看一例。例 4：The doctor explained to the students the hazards of radiation upon human beings A. dangers B. evilsC. impacts D. benefits本句的意思是：医生向学生解释了辐射给人类带来的危害。本题的四个选项中，选项 C 为中性词，表示“影响”；选项 D 指好的事情，益处；选项 A 和选项 B 都表示坏事。但 evil有“恶意”的意思，不合适。所以选项 A 是正确答案。这里，选项 A、B 和选项 C 的意思有些相近，选项 D 的意思刚好相反，本题要求考生辨别近义词和反义词。辨别反义词相对容易些，要辨别同义词或近义词则比较难。英语中虽然同义词、近义词很多，但对于考职称的人来讲，需要掌握的并不是很多，我们认为，如果大家把教材上词汇练习题(都是根据考试大纲中的积极词汇设计的)都认真地做一遍，考试就不会出现大的问题。例 5：It is difficult to list all of Johns attributes because he has so many different talents and abilities.A. qualifies B. interestsC. preferences D. virtues这道题要求考生根据上下文选择适当的近义词。从句子的后半段“because he has so many different talents and abilities”可以判断“attributes“的意思是“qualities”，故选项 A 为正确答案。当代语言学家的一个重要假设是句予结构是由动词的词汇意义决定的，因此我们应该重视词汇学习，尤其要注意搭配问题(如动词和名词的搭配、名词和形容词的搭配、形容词和介词的搭配、动词和介词的搭配等)以及英语短语和习语。2阅读判断题阅读判断题是一种比较新的题型。它考查应试者判断识别文章所提供的信息的能力。考试方式为，给出一篇 300450 词的短文，根据短文列出 7 个句子，有的句子提供了正确的信息，有的句子提供了错误的信息，有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及，要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。与传统正误判断题的做法不同的是，该题型增加了一个选项，这样就降低了猜测的因素，增加了题目的难度，提高了题目的区分度。上面讲到，这种题型的考点是考查应试者判断识别文章所提供的信息的能力。但注意这里所指的“信息”，既有文章中明示的信息，也有藏在字里行间中的信息，即隐含信息，因此，考生在做这部分题目时，需要仔细阅读。请看下例：HerculesOnce upon a time there was a great Greek hero, Hercules. He was taller and stronger than anyone you have ever seen. On his shoulder he carried a club and in his hand he held a bow (弓). He was known as the hero of a hundred adventures.Hercules served a king. The king was afraid of him. So again and again he sent him on difficult tasks. One morning the king sent for him and told him to fetch three golden apples for him from the garden of the Singing Maidens (歌女). But no one knew where the garden was.So Hercules went away. He walked the whole day and the next day and the next. He walked for months before he saw mountains far in the distance one fine morning. One of the mountains was in the shape of a man, with long, long legs and arms and huge shoulders and a huge head. He was holding up the sky. Hercules knew it was Atlas, the Mountain God. So he asked him for help.Atlas answered, “My head and arms and shoulders all ache. Could you hold up the sky while I fetch the golden apples for you?“Hercules climbed the mountain and shouldered the sky. Soon the sky grew very heavy. When finally Atlas came back with three golden apples, he said, “Well, you are going to carry the mountain for ever. Im going to see the king with the apples.“ Hercules knew that he couldnt fight him because of the sky on his back, So he shouted:“Just one minutes help. My shoulders are hurting, Hold the sky for a minute while I make a cushion (垫子) for my shoulders.“Atlas believed him. He threw down the apples and held up the sky. Hercules picked up the apples and ran back to see the king.1. Hercules was the tallest man in the world.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2. Hercules worked in the kings garden.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3. Hercules was given many difficult tasks because the king wanted to get rid of him.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 4. Atlas was the giant who held up the sky.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned5. Atlas ran faster than Hercules.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6. Atlas got the golden apples for Hercules because he wanted to be the king himself.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7. Hercules finally managed to get the apples by defeating Atlas. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned这篇短文有 300 字，属于故事性材料。主人公是古代希腊的一位英雄，名叫Hercules。本文通过 Hercules 为国王去取金苹果这个情节，叙述了他如何与山神 Atlas 斗智，最后成功地为国王取回金苹果。为了阐述短文的主题，作者通过一个小故事展开叙述，主要情节有国王害怕 Hercules，所以总是给他派难活，并且设置了一个圈套，让他去取金苹果，想借此除掉他。Hercules 听从了国王的话，跋山涉水为其寻找金苹果，路遇山神Atlas，Atlas 双肩撑天很累，引诱 Hercules 替其撑天。Hercules 因轻信了 Atlas 的话而上当，但最后还是以智取胜，为国王取回了金苹果。短文后第一题句子的意思是：在这个世界上，Hercules 的个子最高。短文中有这样一句话：He was taller and stronger than anyone you have ever seen显然，第一题是这句话的翻版，句子不样，一个用的是比较级，一个用的是最高级，但意思完全一样。所以本句话是正确的。故答案为 A。第二题的意思是说 Hercules 在国王的花园里工作。阅读短文后我们得知，Hercules侍奉国王，但并未说他到底在哪里工作。题句所说的意思文中找不到，也就是说，短文没有足够的信息来证明他在国王的花园里工作。故答案为选项 C。第三题句子的意思是：国王想除掉 Hercules，所以交给他很多艰巨的工作去做。这个信息在短文第二段第二旬和第三旬中提到了，与短文的意思相符(国王很害怕 Hercules，多次交给他艰巨的工作去做)，由此可以推断第三题的正确选项为 A。第四题句子的意思是：Atlas 是个撑天巨人。这句话也是正确的。因为文中有这样一句话：He was holding up the skyHercules knew it was Atlas，the Mountain God所以本题正确答案为 A。第五题句子的意思是：Atlas 比 Hercules 跑得快。读遍文章，我们没有找到相关信息，很明显，本题答案为选项 C。第六题句子的意思是：Atlas 自己想当国王，所以他为 Hercules 取来了金苹果。这句话与文中叙述的事实不符。文中讲到，Atlas 替 Hercules 取金苹果，是因为他在那里撑天撑得太累了。所以，本题选项 B 为正确答案。第七题句子的意思是：Hercules 最后打败了 Atlas，取到了金苹果。这句话也与文中叙述的事实不符。文中说，Hercules 因轻信了 Atlas 的话而上当，但最后他还是以智取胜，为国王取回了金苹果，而不是通过两人的决斗。所以选项 B 为本题的正确答案。3概括大意与完成句子概括大意与完成句子这一题型在过去的职称英语等级考试中是分开考的，这次则把这两种题型放到一篇文章中去考。这两种题型均属于阅读理解简答题(Short Answer Questions)，与传统阅读理解简答题不同的是，它不需要考生写出问题的答案，而是给出了几个选项，让考生从中选择搭配。概括大意题主要考查考生归纳段落主题思想的能力，完成句子主要考查考生掌握短文细节内容的能力。这两种题型，基本能够考核各种阅读技能。解答这类题目时，既要学会抓住文章的中心大意，找出关键词，又要能够运用多种阅读技巧，从句子、语篇的层次把握文章的重要事实和细节。请看例题。The Price of idlenessHousehold devices waste a lot of energy doing nothing1 Electrical devices such as CD players, videos and burglar alarms are consuming more energy in stand-by mode than when they are actually being used.2 Maria Sanchez and her colleagues from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Berkeley, California, tested more than 50 small electrical appliances, from computers to doorbells, electric movers, VCRs, and pool pumps. In the current issue of Energy Policy, they report that about half of all consumer electronics energy is used in stand-by mode. This costs American consumers $1 billion a year in wasted energy.3 The researchers say that while electronic devices are lying dormant (休眠状态), running their clocks, maintaining internal memories or displaying their settings, they consume around 40 terawatt hours of electricity in the US every year - enough to power a city such as Chicago or London. Many machines use almost as much power on stand-by as when working. For example, it takes 15 watts to play a typical CD, but an average of 11 watts to keep it on stand-by. Satellite TV systems use 14 watts when active and 14 watts on stand-by. Given the long hours these systems spend idling, each uses far more power in stand-by mode than when actually working.4 Bad design is largely to blame, says Sanchez. In a separate survey of CD players last year, her colleague Wolfgang Huber found that two machines with similar features used 28 watts and 2 watts respectively on stand-by. “For most products, we believe that stand-by power can be reduced to one watt or less,“ says Sanchez.5 She backs proposals to set up a national labeling system to promote machines that meet this standard. Such a system could reduce stand-by power consumption in the US by 50 per cent, says co-author Alan Meier - more than 20 terawatt hours per year. Last month, electronics company Philips announced the launch of a device that can dramatically reduce the power used in stand-by mode.A Factor Leading to Energy WasteB Home AppliancesC Proposals to Cut Energy ConsumptionD Energy Consumption TestE Terawatt HoursF Nonessential Electricity Use1 Paragraph 2 _2 Paragraph 3 _3 Paragraph 4 _4 Paragraph 5 _A Factor Leading to Energy WasteB Home AppliancesC Proposals to Cut Energy ConsumptionD Energy Consumption TestE Terawatt HoursF Nonessential Electricity Use5 In the US the home appliances use _6 The energy wasted by the electronic devices in the US is sufficient to _.7 It is found that power waste is mainly caused by _8 Philips started to develop a device that can greatly reduces _A bad designB the total energy of the countryC power a large cityD the most energyE wasted energyF stand-by power consumptionA bad designB the total energy of the countryC power a large cityD the most energyE wasted energyF stand-by power consumption这是一篇关于家用电器在休眠状态下耗电情况的文章，属科普类。文章内容不难。共分五个自然段，300 多词。文章后面第一题至第四题，要求考生给第二段至第五段各选一食小标题；第五题至第八题要求考生从所给的六个选项中为每个句子选一个正确选项，来完成句子。我们先看概括大意。在做概括大意题时，首先要找的是每段的主题句。文章的第一段总领全文，说的是当今一些家电设备，如 CD 播放机之类，在闲置状态下，会浪费很多的电能。作者在第二段的一开始就介绍了科学家 Maria Sanchez 和她的同事做的一个实验，他们检了 50 多种小家电，看看它们的耗电情况。后面讲的是实验结果等。显然，该段的第一句为主题句，概括了这一段的主要内容。根据这一线索，在选项中，我们发现选项D(“能量消耗试验”)的意思与此相符。因此，选项 D 为本题的答案。再看第三段。本段第一句接上一段的内容进一步说明一些电器设备在休眠状态下每天的耗电量。接下来是举例说明。本段第一句同样也是本段的主题句。所给出的几个选项中，哪个选项的意思与这一句话的意思相近呢?显然，选项 F(“无谓的耗电”)与本句意思相同，故为正确答案。文章的第四段进一步阐明导致电能被白白浪费掉的主要原因，作者引用科学家Sanchez 的话，认为家电设备设计不合理是一个重要因素。第四段的第一句也是本段的主题句。选项 A 的意思是“导致电能消耗的因素”，与本段第一句意思相符，故为正确答案。细心的读者会发现，文章第五段的第一句又是该段的主题句，根据这段中出现的 proposal 这个词就不难发现选项 C 为正确答案。关于完成句子这部分的解题技巧，我们强调指出的是，应根据要完成的句子的前半部分的信息，回到短文中查找这个句子的出处，然后再仔细阅读每个句子，这样会很容易地找出答案。根据这个办法，我们发现第五题的答案为选项 D，第六题的答案为选项 C，第七题的答案为选项 F，第八题的答案为选项 E。4补全短文补全短文的设计思路是，给出一篇 300450 词的短文，其中有 5 处空白，文章后面有 6 段文字，要求应试者根据文章的内容选择 5 段文字，将其放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。这种题型重在考查应试者把握文章结构、掌握作者思路的能力。这是一种较高层次的阅读理解能力，要求考生能够从宏观的角度把握文章的内容和结构，要想做好这类题，必须从语篇的角度，搞清楚文章的脉络，吃透文章的意思。请看短文：Home SchoolingAll children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. (1). There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today. Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values; others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home (2)David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school. .(3) For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears, and winter tourism. Or a spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program. (4)Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home-schoolers are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. . (5) However, most parents dont have the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to b